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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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A Modified ICP algorithm for Normal-Guided Surface Registration

A Modified ICP Algorithm for Normal-Guided Surface Registrat...

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Conference on Medical Imaging 2010 - Image Processing

作者： Muench, Daniel Combes, Benoit Prima, Sylvain INSERM U746 F-35042 Rennes France INRIA VisAGeS Project Team F-35042 Rennes France Univ Rennes 1 CNRS IRISA UMR 6074 F-35042 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480248

The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is probably the most popular algorithm for fine registration of surfaces. Among its key properties are: a simple minimization scheme, proofs of convergence as well as the easiness to modify and improve it in many ways (e. g. use of fuzzy point correspondences, incorporation of a priori knowledge, extensions to non-linear deformations, speed-up strategies, etc.) while keeping the desirable properties of the original method. However, most ICP-like registration methods suffer from the fact that they only consider the distance between the surfaces to register in the criterion to minimize, and thus are highly dependent on how the surfaces are aligned in the first place. This explains why these methods are likely to be trapped in local minima and to lead to erroneous solutions. A solution to partly alleviate this problem would consist in adding higher-order information in the criterion to minimize (e. g. normals, curvatures, etc.), but previous works along these research tracks have led to computationally intractable minimization schemes. In this paper, we propose a new way to include the point unit normals in addition to the point coordinates to derive an ICP-like scheme for non-linear registration of surfaces, and we show how to keep the properties of the original ICP algorithm. Our algorithm rests on a simple formula showing how the unit normal changes when a surface undergoes a small deformation. The use of this formula in an ICP-like algorithm is made possible by adequate implementation choices, most notably the use of a local, differentiable, parametrization of the surfaces and a locally affine deformation model using this local parametrization. Then we experimentally show the strong added value of using the unit normals in a series of controlled experiments.

关键词： Bismuth Evolutionary algorithms algorithm development Fuzzy logic Affine motion model Medical imaging Clouds Image processing Linear algebra Surgery

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Control system for the William Herschel Telescope: Performance and recent developments

Control system for the William Herschel Telescope: Performan...

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Conference on Telescope Control Systems

作者： LAING, RA ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERV CAMBRIDGE CB3 OEZENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819418323

The William Herschel Telescope is a 4.2 m altazimuth design which has been in operation since 1987. The architecture of its control system is briefly outlined, and measurements of pointing, tracking, and field rotation are presented. Recent developments, including accurate algorithms for offset guiding, correction of errors due to refracting optics, and automation of the acquisition procedure, are described.

关键词： Telescopes Stars Computing systems Control systems Sensors Cameras algorithm development Optical instrument design Telecommunications Human-machine interfaces

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ADAPTING FDDI TO GIGABIT TRANSMISSION RATES

ADAPTING FDDI TO GIGABIT TRANSMISSION RATES

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2ND CONF ON HIGH-SPEED FIBER NETWORKS AND CHANNELS

作者： DOBOSIEWICZ, W GBURZYNSKI, P Univ. of Alberta (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819409634

The FDDI ring-protocol combination is well-suited for large local (`campus') area networks. However, for larger networks, FDDI users suffer excessive access delay, even under very light traffic. Moreover, FDDI achieves full capacity only in special circumstances, and heavy load is not a sufficient condition for achieving it. We propose a modification of FDDI that has none of these deficiencies. By changing the interpretation of holding the token, we get a protocol that allows every station to transmit when the link is silent. The resulting token-passing protocol yields a capacity-1 network even for modest values of TTRT. Additionally, stations endure a very small access delay under light load. All the other properties are identical to those of FDDI. The proposed protocol uses standard FDDI components. Moreover, the protocol is compatible with FDDI to the point that it works correctly even if some of the stations attached to it operate under the original FDDI protocol (those stations will get the performance offered by FDDI, while the stations using the new protocol will get a larger bandwidth and a lesser access delay).

关键词： Local area networks Receivers Information operations Failure analysis algorithm development Clocks Palladium Solar concentrators Transmitters Visualization

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Geometrical interpretation of the adaptive coherence estimator for hyperspectral target detection

Geometrical interpretation of the adaptive coherence estimat...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX

作者： Bar, Shahar Bass, Ori Volfman, Alon Dallal, Tomer Rotman, Stanley R. Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elec & Comp Eng IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9780819495341

A hyperspectral cube consists of a set of images taken at numerous wavelengths. Hyperspectral image data analysis uses each material's distinctive patterns of reflection, absorption and emission of electromagnetic energy at specific wavelengths for classification or detection tasks. Because of the size of the hyperspectral cube, data reduction is definitely advantageous;when doing this, one wishes to maintain high performances with the least number of bands. Obviously in such a case, the choice of the bands will be critical. In this paper, we will consider one particular algorithm, the adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) for the detection of point targets. We give a quantitative interpretation of the dependence of the algorithm on the number and identity of the bands that have been chosen. Results on simulated data will be presented.

关键词： Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral target detection Mathematical modeling Hyperspectral imaging Absorption algorithm development Data analysis Electromagnetism Image classification

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ULTRAWIDEBAND SAR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY AR SPECTRAL ESTIMATION

ULTRAWIDEBAND SAR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY AR SPECTRAL ESTIMAT...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

作者： SHAW, SW SRI INT MENLO PKCA 94025

ISBN: (纸本)0819415340

Ultrawideband (UWB) SAR images often contain clutter and other types of spatially correlated noise. To reduce these effects, we have developed a complex, multichannel, autoregressive image- modeling and inverse-filtering algorithm. Our algorithm extends a previously reported technique to include complex image data and a solution to the directionality problem of 2D AR models. A multichannel image pixel, represented by a vector, is modeled as an autoregressive process with a nonsymmetric half-plane (NSHP) support region. The parameters of this NSHP AR model, represented as matrices, are estimated by minimizing a squared residual. To account for possible nonstationarity in the image statistics, the estimation is performed over a series of small subwindows, which lends a degree of adaptabtility to the algorithm. Once estimates of the complex AR parameter matrices are obtained, they are used in an inverse filter. To account for the directionality inherent in the NSHP filter, we have adopted a bi-directional filtering approach, with the results of the two filters combined such that targets are enhanced and clutter is minimized. This algorithm has been applied to various UWB SAR images and shown to be an effective whitening filter. The resulting signal-to-clutter enhancement depends on a variety of factors, including clutter statistics, target size, and AR model order. A version of the whitening algorithm has been incorporated into our standard set of tools for processing UWB SAR images.

关键词： Autoregressive models Synthetic aperture radar Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Matrices Data modeling algorithm development Image filtering Statistical analysis Image analysis

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Toward a real-time positioning system for a portable EMI sensor

Toward a real-time positioning system for a portable EMI sen...

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Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVIII

作者： Fernandeza, Juan Pablo Barrowes, Benjamin O'Neill, Kevin Shamatava, Irma Shubitidze, Fridon Dartmouth Coll Thayer Sch Engn Hanover NH 03755 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819495006

The Portable Decoupled Electromagnetic Induction Sensor (Pedemis) is a new instrument designed to provide diverse, high-quality data for detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance in rocky, treed, or otherwise forbidding terrain. It consists of a square array of nine transmitters and a similar arrangement of receivers that measure all three vector components of the time-dependent magnetic field at nine different locations. The receiver assembly can be fixed to the transmitters or detached from them for enhanced flexibility and convenience. The latter mode requires a positioning system that finds the location of the receivers with respect to the transmitters at any time without hampering portability or requiring communication with outside agents (which may be precluded by field conditions). The current system examines the primary field during the transmitters' on-time phase and optimizes to find the location at which it is most likely to obtain the combination of measured values. We have developed an algorithm that computes mutual inductances analytically and exploits their geometric information to predict location. The method does full justice to Faraday's Law from the start and incorporates the fine structure of both transmitters and receivers;it is exact and involves only elementary functions, making it unnecessary to set up and monitor approximations and guaranteeing robustness and stability everywhere;it uses a fraction of the memory and is orders-of-magnitude faster than methods based on numerical quadrature. We have tested the algorithm on the current Pedemis prototype and have obtained encouraging results which we summarize in this paper.

关键词： Receivers Transmitters Sensors Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetism algorithm development Data acquisition Inductance Target detection Telecommunications

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Detection of oranges from a color image of an orange tree

Detection of oranges from a color image of an orange tree

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXII

作者： Weeks, AR Gallagher, A Eriksson, J Univ Cent Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432946

The progress of robotic and machine vision technology has increased the demand for sophisticated methods for performing automatic harvesting of fruit. The harvesting of fruit, until recently, has been performed manually and is quite labor intensive. An automatic robot harvesting system that uses machine vision to locate and extract the fruit would free the agricultural industry from the ups and downs of the labor market. The environment in which robotic fruit harvesters must work presents many challenges due to the inherent variability from one location to the next. This paper takes a step towards this goal by outlining a machine vision algorithm that detects and accurately locates oranges from a color image of an orange tree. Previous work in this area has focused on differentiating the orange regions from the rest of the picture and not locating the actual oranges themselves. Failure to locate the oranges, however, leads to a reduced number of successful pick attempts. This paper presents a new approach for orange region segmentation in which the circumference of the individual oranges as well as partially occluded oranges are located. Accurately defining the circumference of each orange allows a robotic harvester to cut the stem of the orange by either scanning the top of the orange with a laser or by directing a robotic arm towards the stem to automatically cut it. A modified version of the K-means algorithm is used to initially segment the oranges from the canopy of the orange tree. Morphological processing is then used to locate occluded oranges and an iterative circle finding algorithm is used to define the circumference of the segmented oranges.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing algorithms and systems Image filtering Robotics Detection and tracking algorithms Binary data Machine vision RGB color model algorithm development Laser cutting

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Fluorescent photon migration theory for turbid biological media

Fluorescent photon migration theory for turbid biological me...

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3rd Conference on Advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases - Optical Biopsy

作者： Gandjbakhche, AH Bonner, RF Gannot, I Knutson, J Navai, R Nossal, R Weiss, GH National Institutes of Health (Israel) National Institutes of Health (United States) Ctr. for Devices and Radiological Health/FDA (Israel)

ISBN: (纸本)0819420530

Fluorescence imaging in situ may provide highly specific identification of cell types and altered metabolic activity near the surface of tissue. Most approaches to developing the necessary analytical framework for quantitative 3-D use are based on numerical solutions of some form of transport equation. These are highly computer-intensive and can only be carried out for specified parameters. We apply a random walk model for photon migration which enables us to find an exact expression for the frequency-dependent fluorescent signal emitted from the site of a single fluorophore. Our general expression allows for broad variation of the degree of absorptivity, and is potentially important in providing a basis for the development of fluorescence image reconstruction algorithms.

关键词： Modulation Tissue optics Phase shift keying Absorption Light scattering Luminescence Natural surfaces Scattering algorithm development Tissues

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WAVELET-BASED SENSOR FUSION 6

WAVELET-BASED SENSOR FUSION

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CONF ON SENSOR FUSION 6

作者： HUNTSBERGER, T JAWERTH, B Univ. of South Carolina (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819413240

Sensor fusion can be performed either on the raw sensor output or after a segmentation step has been done. Our previous work has concentrated on neural network models for sensor fusion after segmentation. Although this method has been shown to be fast and reliable, there is still the overhead entailed from using entire images. The wavelet transform is a multiresolution method that is used to decompose images into detail and average channels. These channels maintain all of the image information and sensor fusion logic operations can be done within the wavelet coefficient space. In addition, image compression can be done within this same space for possible remote transmission. This paper examines sensor fusion within the wavelet coefficient space. The results of some experimental studies performed on the 1024 node NCUBE/10 at the University of South Carolina are also included.

关键词： Wavelets Image fusion Image segmentation Sensor fusion Image compression Wavelet transforms algorithm development Image processing algorithms and systems Logic Sensors

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A System for Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Analysis and Virtual Stent Planning

A System for Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Analysis and Vir...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions and Modeling

作者： Baloch, Sajjad Sudarsky, Sandra Zhu, Ying Mohamed, Ashraf Geiger, Bernhard Dutta, Komal Namburu, Durga Nias, Puthenveettil Martucci, Gary Redel, Thomas Siemens Corp Res Princeton NJ 08540 USA Siemens Hoffman Estates IL 60192 USA Siemens AG Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489654

Recent studies have found correlation between the risk of rupture of saccular aneurysms and their morphological characteristics, such as volume, surface area, neck length, among others. For reliably exploiting these parameters in endovascular treatment planning, it is crucial that they are accurately quantified. In this paper, we present a novel framework to assist physicians in accurately assessing saccular aneurysms and efficiently planning for endovascular intervention. The approach consists of automatically segmenting the pathological vessel, followed by the construction of its surface representation. The aneurysm is then separated from the vessel surface through a graph-cut based algorithm that is driven by local geometry as well as strong prior information. The corresponding healthy vessel is subsequently reconstructed and measurements representing the patient-specific geometric parameters of pathological vessel are computed. To better support clinical decisions on stenting and device type selection, the placement of virtual stent is eventually carried out in conformity with the shape of the diseased vessel using the patient-specific measurements. We have implemented the proposed methodology as a fully functional system, and extensively tested it with phantom and real datasets.

关键词： Neck Image segmentation 3D image reconstruction Reconstruction algorithms Transform theory algorithm development Digital imaging Europium Feature extraction Virtual reality

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