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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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ADVANCED TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO E-BEAM PROXIMITY EFFECT CORRECTION 3

ADVANCED TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO E-BEAM PROXIMI...

引用

CONF ON ELECTRON-BEAM, X-RAY, AND ION-BEAM SUBMICROMETER LITHOGRAPHIES FOR MANUFACTURING 3

作者： BAROUCH, E COIFMAN, R MA, J PECKERAR, MC ROKHLIN, V Princeton Univ. (United States) Yale Univ. (United States) Naval Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411582

In this paper we address the problem of dose correction in the data bases consistent with ultra- large-scale integration. It is shown that recent advances in transformation theory provide a natural platform on which to build these dose correctors. Specifically, transformation approaches making use of compactly supported, smooth basis functions are shown to be particularly suitable. This is a natural result of the evolution of mathematically based correctors currently in use. Previous work in Parikh, MacDonald and others employed global transform method to determine the values of 'corrected' dose. In most cases, the mathematical inversion is essentially ill posed, in other words, the exact pattern desired cannot be obtained using a finite Gaussian sum. In this paper a set of smooth basis elements of compact support are employed. The mathematically smooth form of the basis makes it easy to match doses at boundaries without Gibbs phenomenon. Thus the transform field can be partitioned for optimum speed. Consequently, while most transformation complexities are of order N⁶ (the inversion of an N² X N² matrix) where N² is the number of grid points characterizing the database, we developed an algorithm of complexity N² log N. A method of dose field bias is employed to stem the requests for negative dose. The heart of the numerical process is essentially based on an adapted fast non-uniform-grid Fourier Transform combined with proper filtering and geometric localization methods. Several examples are given.

关键词： Photomasks Scattering algorithm development Microchannel plates Data corrections Photoresist processing Picosecond phenomena Point spread functions Electron beam lithography Fourier transforms

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Line extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar scenes using a Markov random field model

Line extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar scenes using a...

引用

Conference on Microwave Sensing and Synthetic Aperture Radar

作者： Hellwich, O Technical Univ. Munich (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423629

Due to the speckle effect of coherent imaging the detection of lines in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes is considerably more difficult than in optical images. A new approach to detect lines in noisy images using a Markov random field (MRF) model and Bayesian classification is proposed. The unobservable object classes of single pixels are assumed to fulfill the Markov condition, i.e. to depend on the object classes of neighboring pixels only. The influence of neighboring line pixels is formulated based on potentials derived from a random walk model. Locally, the image data is evaluated with a rotating template. As SAR intensity data is deteriorated by multiplicative noise, normalized intensity ratio is used as the response of the local line detector resulting in a constant false alarm rare. The new approach integrates SAR intensity and coherence from interferometric processing of a SAR scene pair. Besides maximum a posteriori (MAP) and iterated conditional modes (ICM) estimation of the object parameters, an implementation of local highest confidence first (LHCF) estimation is used. It is initially applied to the sites which are most probably structures in object space, and is then allowed to progress to regions less promising for line detection depending on the results of previous iterations. In this way processing times are substantially reduced.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar Magnetorheological finishing Particles Sensors algorithms algorithm development Coherence imaging Image classification Roads Speckle

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LARGE-AREA PHASE-SHIFT MASK DESIGN 7

LARGE-AREA PHASE-SHIFT MASK DESIGN

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Optical/Laser Microlithography VII Conference

作者： COBB, N ZAKHOR, A UNIV CALIF BERKELEY DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCIBERKELEYCA 94720

ISBN: (纸本)0819414921

In previous work, Liu and Zakhor developed an algorithm for automated design of diffraction compensated phase-shift masks (PSM) in isolated small areas. In our current work we focus on devising an algorithm that performs optimization for larger mask areas up to 100 X 100 micrometers ². We model Manhattan geometry masks using polygons composed of floating objects -- deformable edge segments and corner serifs. The model accommodates binary masks, alternating phase shift masks, and attenuated phase shift masks. With this underlying model, the positions of mask objects are optimized. Because of the simulation intensive nature of the optimization, we need an efficient intensity calculation method. To this end we employ mask function windowing approximation. We also use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in changing to and from Fourier representations as necessary in the Hopkin's image intensity equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in improving image intensity characteristics at the focus plane and at defocus for various examples of binary and phase-shift masks.

关键词： Photomasks Optimization (mathematics) Phase shifts Binary data Fourier transforms Diffraction Manufacturing algorithm development Optical lithography Nonlinear filtering

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Bayesian SAR Imaging

Bayesian SAR Imaging

引用

Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII

作者： Chen, Zhaofu Tan, Xing Xue, Ming Li, Jian Univ Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481634

We introduce a maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm and a sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) algorithm to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Both MAP and SLIM are sparse signal recovery algorithms with excellent sidelobe suppression and high resolution properties. The former cyclically maximizes the a posteriori probability density function for a given sparsity promoting prior, while the latter cyclically minimizes a regularized least squares cost function. We show how MAP and SLIM can be adapted to the SAR imaging application and used to enhance the image quality. We evaluate the performance of MAP and SLIM using the simulated complex-valued backscattered data from a backhoe vehicle. The numerical results show that both MAP and SLIM satisfactorily suppress the sidelobes and yield higher resolution than the conventional matched filter or delay-and-sum (DAS) approach. MAP and SLIM outperform the widely used compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm, which requires the delicate choice of user parameters. Compared with the recently developed iterative adaptive approach (IAA), MAP and SLIM are computationally more efficient, especially with the help of fast Fourier transform (FFT). Also, the a posteriori distribution given by the algorithms provides us with a basis for the analysis of the statistical properties of the SAR image pixels.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar Data acquisition Detection and tracking algorithms Image resolution Fourier transforms Image quality Data modeling Radar algorithm development Statistical analysis

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Improving neuronavigation through workflow and sound feedback and interactive brainshift correction

Improving neuronavigation through workflow and sound feedbac...

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Conference on Novel Biophotonic Techniques and Applications

作者： Noordmans, H. J. Woerdeman, P. A. Voormolen, E. H. J. van der Steen, S. van Stralen, M. Univ Med Ctr Utrecht NL-3584 CX Utrecht Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819486875

In neurosurgery, navigation is being used to improve surgical orientation by using preoperative images as a roadmap. Skin or bone fiducials couple the image coordinate system to that of the patient's head fixed by the Mayfield clamp. Then the tip of a pointer of another instrument (localization device) can be seen in relation to the image to give the surgeon insight where he/she is in the brain and where the tumor or lesion can be expected in the depth. Drawbacks from current navigation systems are that 1) they only show the actual position of the localization device and thus do not hint whether the surgeon has removed the tumor completely, 2) don't warn when the device is about to hit a critical brain structure, and 3) do not compensate for shifts of the brain during surgery invalidating the pre-operative image data. During the last 5 years we investigated in our hospital whether sound and workflow feedback could improve the surgical resection accuracy and looked how the pre-operative image data could be deformed in real-time using GPU hardware to match the tracked cortical surface to compensate for brain shifts.

关键词： Surgery Brain Tumors Neuroimaging Visualization Bone Nerve algorithm development Navigation systems Magnetic resonance imaging

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ROBUST SURFACE PERCEPTION IN RANGE DATA 6

ROBUST SURFACE PERCEPTION IN RANGE DATA

引用

CONF ON SENSOR FUSION 6

作者： BOYER, KL MIRZA, MJ The Ohio State Univ. (United States) The Ohio State Univ. (Pakistan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819413240

We present an autonomous, statistically robust, sequential function approximation approach to simultaneous parameterization and organization of (possibly partially occluded) surfaces in noisy, outlier-ridden (not Gaussian) range data. Unlike existing surface characterization techniques, our method generates complete surface hypotheses in parameter space. Given a noisy depth map of an unknown 3D scene, the algorithm first selects appropriate seed points representing possible surfaces. For each non-redundant seed it chooses the best approximating model from a given set of competing models using the Modified Akaike Information Criterion (MCAIC). With this best model, each surface is expanded from its seed over the entire image, and this step is repeated for all seeds. Those points which appear to be outliers with respect to the model in growth are not included in the (possibly disconnected) surface. Point regions are removed from each newly grown surface in the prune stage. Noise, outliers, or coincidental surface alignment may cause some points to appear to belong to more than one surface. These ambiguities are resolved by a weighted voting scheme within a 5 X 5 decision window centered around the ambiguous point. The isolated point regions left after the resolve stage are removed and any missing points in the data are filled by the surface having a majority consensus in an 8-neighborhood.

关键词： Data modeling Error analysis Sensor fusion 3D modeling Natural surfaces Statistical modeling Image segmentation algorithm development Chemical elements Image fusion

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Fast Detection of Network Intrusion

Fast Detection of Network Intrusion

引用

Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems

作者： Chen, Xinjia Walker, Ernest Southern Univ Dept Elect Engn Baton Rouge LA 70813 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819486363

In this paper, we propose new network intrusion detection techniques which promptly detect malicious attacks and thus lower the resulting damage. Moreover, our approach rigorously control the probability of falsely implicating benign remote hosts as malicious. Such technique is especially suitable for detecting DoS attackers and port-scan attackers routinely perform random "portscans" of IP addresses to find vulnerable servers to compromise. Our method performs significantly faster and also more accurate than other current solutions.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Zinc Scanners Computer intrusion detection Internet Detector development Network security Probability theory Target detection

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PHYSICS BASED SENSOR EFFECTS PREDICTION APPLIED TO A MULTISPECTRAL MINE DETECTION algorithm

PHYSICS BASED SENSOR EFFECTS PREDICTION APPLIED TO A MULTISP...

引用

Conference on Detection Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets

作者： WILLIAMS, B BLUME, B NICHOLS RES CORP SHALIMARFL 32579

ISBN: (纸本)0819418528

Coastal System Station, Panama City, Florida, is developing an airborne multispectral visible mine detection system for detecting minefields in littoral regions. Nichols Research Corporation (NRC) in support of CSS has been tasked to develop mine detection algorithms. NRC developed a generic baseline mine detection algorithm in order to provide a stable reference by which to measure other algorithms and enhancements. This algorithm has also served as a baseline to be modified and enhanced as the nature of the data is better understood and discrimination methodology is refined. The baseline algorithm is described in this paper along with modifications which significantly improve its robustness and with the analyses which motivated those modifications.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Image segmentation algorithm development Mining Land mines Roads Cameras Sensors Image processing Image processing algorithms and systems

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On providing reliability guarantees in live video streaming with collaborative clients

On providing reliability guarantees in live video streaming ...

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14th Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2007

作者： Raghuveer, Aravindan Dong, Yingfei Du, David Univ Minnesota Dept Comp Sci & Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Hawaii Dept Elect & Comp Engn Honolulu HI 96822 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466174

Although many overlay and P2P approaches have been proposed to assist large-scale live video streaming, how to ensure service quality and reliability still remains a challenging issue. Peer dynamics, especially unscheduled node departures, affect the perceived video quality at a peer node in two ways. In particular, the amplitude of quality fluctuations and the duration for which stable quality video is available at a node heavily depend on the nature of peer departures in the system. In this paper, we first propose a service quality model to quantify the quality and stability of a video stream in a P2P streaming environment. Based on this model, we further develop tree construction algorithms that ensure that every peer in the collaborative network receives a video stream with a statistical reliability guarantee on quality. A key advantage of the proposed approach is that we can now explicitly control the quality and stability of the video stream supplied to every node. This is the fundamental difference of our approach from existing approaches that provide stream stability by over-provisioning resources allocated to every peer. Also, the proposed tree construction schemes decide the position of a node in the delivery tree based on both its estimated reliability and upstream bandwidth contribution while striving to minimize the overall load on the server. Our simulations show that our algorithms use the server resources very efficiently while significantly improving the video stability at peers.

关键词： Reliability Video Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Computer simulations Surface plasmons Multimedia Relays Statistical modeling Systems modeling

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SONAR FEATURE-BASED BANDWIDTH COMPRESSION

SONAR FEATURE-BASED BANDWIDTH COMPRESSION

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CONF ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION

作者： SAGHRI, JA TESCHER, AG Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408646

A sonar bandwidth compression (BWC) technique which, unlike conventional methods, adaptively varies the coding resolution in the compression process based on a priori information is described. This novel approach yields a robust compression system whose performance exceeds the conventional methods by factors of 2-to-1 and 1.5-to-1 for display- formatted and time series sonar data, respectively. The data is first analyzed by a feature extraction routine to determine those pixels of the image that collectively comprise intelligence-bearing signal features. The data is then split into a foreground image which contains the extracted source characteristic and a larger background image which is the remainder. Since the background image is highly textured, it suffices to code only the local statistics rather than the actual pixels themselves. This results in a substantial reduction of the bit rate required to code the background image. The feature-based compression algorithm developed for sonar imagery data is also extended to the sonar time series data via a novel approach involving an initial one-dimensional DCT transformation of the time series data before the actual compression process. The unique advantage of this approach is that the coding is done in an alternative two-dimensional image domain where, unlike the original time domain, it is possible to observe, differentiate, and prioritize essential features of data in the compression process. The feature-based BWC developed for sonar data is potentially very useful for applications involving highly textured imagery. Two such applications are synthetic aperture radar and ultrasound medical imaging.

关键词： Image compression Feature extraction algorithm development Image processing Data compression Image quality Logic Signals intelligence Data modeling Fourier transforms

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