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Hyperspectral Unmixing: Geometrical, Statistical, and Sparse Regression-Based Approaches

Hyperspectral Unmixing: Geometrical, Statistical, and Sparse...

引用

Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XVI

作者： Bioucas-Dias, Jose M. Plaza, Antonio Univ Lisbon Inst Telecomunicacoes Inst Super Tecn P-1699 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9780819483478

Hyperspectral instruments acquire electromagnetic energy scattered within their ground instantaneous field view in hundreds of spectral channels with high spectral resolution. Very often, however, owing to low spatial resolution of the scanner or to the presence of intimate mixtures (mixing of the materials at a very small scale) in the scene, the spectral vectors (collection of signals acquired at different spectral bands from a given pixel) acquired by the hyperspectral scanners are actually mixtures of the spectral signatures of the materials present in the scene. Given a set of mixed spectral vectors, spectral mixture analysis (or spectral unmixing) aims at estimating the number of reference materials, also called endmembers, their spectral signatures, and their fractional abundances. Spectral unmixing is, thus, a source separation problem where, under a linear mixing model, the sources are the fractional abundances and the endmember spectral signatures are the columns of the mixing matrix. As such, the independent component analysis (ICA) framework came naturally to mind to unmix spectral data. However, the ICA crux assumption of source statistical independence is not satisfied in spectral applications, since the sources are fractions and, thus, non-negative and sum to one. As a consequence, ICA-based algorithms have severe limitations in the area of spectral unmixing, and this has fostered new unmixing research directions taking into account geometric and statistical characteristics of hyperspectral sources. This paper presents an overview of the principal research directions in hyperspectral unmixing. The presentations is organized into four main topics: i) mixing models, ii) signal subspace identification, iii) geometrical-based spectral unmixing, (iv) statistical-based spectral unmixing, and (v) sparse regression-based unmixing. In each topic, we describe what physical or mathematical problems are involved and summarize state-of-the-art algorithms to addres

关键词： Independent component analysis algorithm development Sensors Signal to noise ratio Light scattering Statistical modeling Expectation maximization algorithms Reflectivity Data modeling Mathematical modeling

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Embedded system based driver drowsiness detection system

Embedded system based driver drowsiness detection system

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2nd International Conference on Digital Image Processing

作者： Islam, Syed Zahidul Ali, Mohd Alauddin Mohd bin Jidin, Razali Islam, Syed Zahurul Univ Tenaga Nas Coll Engn Kajang Malaysia UKM Fac Engn & Built Environm Bangi Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479426

This paper presents a System-on-Chip (SoC) visual-based driver drowsiness detection system. The system is able to promptly detect the onset of driver drowsiness by monitoring in real-time the accumulated driver's PERCLOS, i.e. proportion of time driver's eyes are closed in a 1-minute interval through non-intrusive camera(s). FPGA hardware is used as its processing platform along with Viola-Jones object detection algorithm. Viola-Jones algorithm uses Haar-like features along with AdaBoost algorithm to achieve good detection performance.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Detection and tracking algorithms Cameras algorithm development Image processing Imaging systems Telecommunications Digital image processing Facial recognition systems Embedded systems

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New Phasor Reconstruction Methods for Speckle Imaging

New Phasor Reconstruction Methods for Speckle Imaging

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Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII

作者： Dente, Gregory C. Tilton, Michael L. Boeing LTS POB 5670 Kirtland AFB NM 87185 USA GCD Associates Albuquerque NM 87110 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819483126

We will develop and then compare object spectrum phasor reconstruction results for several speckle imaging approaches. Each phasor reconstruction algorithm results from minimizing a very naturally defined weighted-least-squares error function. Once we pick a phasor-based error function, the remaining steps in our algorithms are developed by setting the error function variation, with respect to each phasor element, to zero. The resulting coupled nonlinear equations for the minimum error phasor array are then solved iteratively. In the applications, we will compare and contrast three implementations: 1) Knox-Thompson;2) Bispectrum, using only two bispectrum planes;3) Bispectrum, using four bispectrum planes. In each application of the three approaches, we first calculate the modulus of the object spectrum using a Wiener-Helstrom filter to remove the speckle transfer function. The methods then differ only in their object spectrum phasor reconstructions. In the simulations, we will implement all three methods on a simple object at low photon-per-frame light levels. Next, we will apply the methods to a complex extended object.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Chemical elements Photons Speckle imaging algorithm development Spatial frequencies Telescopes Speckle Electronic filtering Optical filters

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On-board SLAM for indoor UAV using a laser range finder

On-board SLAM for indoor UAV using a laser range finder

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Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII

作者： Alpen, M. Willrodt, C. Frick, K. Horn, J. Helmut Schmidt Univ Univ Fed Armed Forces Hamburg Dept Elect Engn Inst Control Engn D-22008 Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481566

Here we present a real-time algorithm for on-board SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) of a quadrotor using a laser range finder. Based on successfully implemented techniques for ground robots, we developed an algorithm that merges a new scan into the global map without any iteration. This causes some inaccuracy of the global map which leads to an error propagation during the robot's mission. Therefore an optimization algorithm reducing this inaccuracy is essential. Within this optimization lines with the same orientation and an overlapping in one of the two possible coordinates of a 2D-plane are merged if their distance is below a certain threshold value. Due to reduction of the required computing power for SLAM calculation by using orthogonal SLAM a real time SLAM running on a microcontroller becomes possible. Because of the small weight and the low electric power consumption, this controller can be mounted on an industrial quadrotor. Therefore acting autonomously in an unknown indoor environment becomes possible. In this paper we also show the validation of the presented SLAM algorithm. The first step of validation is an offline implementation in Matlab (R) and the second step is the online validation of our algorithm on the industrial quadrotor AR100B (R) of the AirRobot (R) Company.

关键词： Robots Laser range finders Microcontrollers algorithm development Sensors Actuators Data modeling MATLAB Unmanned aerial vehicles Optimization (mathematics)

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Evoptool: an Extensible Toolkit for Evolutionary Optimization algorithms Comparison

Evoptool: an Extensible Toolkit for Evolutionary Optimizatio...

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2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence

作者： Valentini, Gabriele Malago, Luigi Matteucci, Matteo Politecn Milan DEI I-20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781424481262

This paper presents Evolutionary Optimization Tool (Evoptool), an optimization toolkit that implements a set of meta-heuristics based on the Evolutionary Computation paradigm. Evoptool provides a common platform for the development and test of new algorithms, in order to facilitate the performance comparison activity. The toolkit offers a wide set of benchmark problems, from classical toy examples to complex tasks, and a collection of implementations of algorithms from the Genetic algorithms and Estimation of Distribution algorithms paradigms. Evoptool is flexible and easy to extend, also with algorithms based on other approaches that go beyond Evolutionary Computation.

关键词： Evolutionary Optimization Tool Evoptool toolkit algorithm development algorithm testing distribution algorithm evolutionary computation evolutionary optimization algorithm comparison genetic algorithm genetic algorithms optimization toolkit

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Satellite Image Compression Based on Fractal Theory

Satellite Image Compression Based on Fractal Theory

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International Conference on Space Information Technology 2009

作者： Zhou Yiming Liu Pinxiong Huang Yumin China Acad Space Technol Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480798

Fractal image coding algorithm is a promising technique to improve the storage efficiency for satellite applications, and it can obtain good reconstructed quality with very high compression ratio in contrast with other image compression methods. In this paper, a fractal coding algorithm for satellite image compression is proposed. The framework of this algorithm is simple, so that it can be designed for hardware and applied on satellite conveniently. In addition, some improved methods are also introduced in this paper.

关键词： Image compression Fractal analysis Satellites Satellite imaging Computer programming Image quality Earth observing sensors Reconstruction algorithms Image processing algorithm development

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Dual Image Guidance System for Autonomous Vehicle on Fast Focusing and RGB Similarity Operation

Dual Image Guidance System for Autonomous Vehicle on Fast Fo...

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Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XIII

作者： Akiyama, Akira Kobayashi, Nobuaki Mutoh, Eiichiro Kumagai, Hideo Yamada, Hirofumi Ishii, Hiromitsu Kanazawa Tech Coll 2-270 Hisayasu Kanazawa Ishikawa 9218601 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482839

We have developed the dual camera image guidance system for autonomous vehicle based on the fast focusing and the spot RGB spectrum similarity operation. The fast focusing catches the distance information of outside world as a whole. The spot RGB spectrum similarity operation finds the object surface portion in the image. Our fast focusing algorithm works precisely on the differential image such as the Daubechies wavelet transformed high pass image, the Roberts image, Prewitt image, Sobel image and the Laplacian image. The spot RGB spectrum similarity operation for the surface detection comes from the idea of the laser range finder. The illuminated coherent laser reflects on the object surface and the reflected laser is detected on the spectrum band detector. The RGB spectrum distribution on the selected spot on one camera can give the expected similar spectrum information on the position-matched spot on another camera if the selected spot corresponds to the surface of the object. We move the autonomous vehicle based on the distance detection and the surface detection of the outside world due to the controlled dual color camera system. Our autonomous vehicle is equipped with the controllable independent four wheels drive. This vehicle can avoid the object geometrically even if it is just in front of the object. We mount the dual camera image guidance system on two axes jimbal system to aim the object in space.

关键词： Cameras RGB color model Linear filtering Imaging systems Computer programming Wavelet transforms algorithm development Computing systems Sensors Wavelets

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Material decomposition with inconsistent rays (MDIR) for cone-beam dual energy CT

Material decomposition with inconsistent rays (MDIR) for con...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Maass, Clemens Grimmer, Rainer Kachelriess, Marc Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Med Phys Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480231

Dual energy CT (DECT) provides material-selective CT images by acquiring the object of interest with two different x-ray spectra, a low and a high energy spectrum. Today, two techniques to process the rawdata are in use: Image-based DECT reconstructs the low and the high energy data separately and then performs a linear combination of the images to yield the desired material-selective images. This method can only provide a first order approximation of the true material decomposition and it will not be able to remove higher order beam hardening artifacts from the images. By contrast, rawdata-based DECT naturally deals with higher order effects and is therefore the better way to go. However, rawdata-based DECT requires the same line integrals to be available for both scans (consistent scans). This requirement may not be met for CT scanners that are available today. To handle the material decomposition of DECT from inconsistent scans (i.e. non-overlapping rays for each measured spectrum) a material decomposition algorithm (MDIR) that allows for different scan trajectories and scan geometries for the low and the high energy scan was developed and evaluated. The results of our iterative algorithm are comparable to those obtained by a rawdata-based approach. However, conventional rawdata-based approaches are often not applicable since inconsistent rays are acquired. It should be noted that MDIR can be extended to scans with more than two different spectra and to decompositions into more than two basis functions in a straightforward way.

关键词： Bone Dual energy imaging Computed tomography X-ray computed tomography Iodine Scanners Head algorithm development Ear X-rays

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Damage Visualization via Beamforming of Frequency-Wavenumber Filtered Wavefield Data

Damage Visualization via Beamforming of Frequency-Wavenumber...

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Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010

作者： Ruzzene, Massimo Xu, Buli Lee, Sang Jun Michaels, Thomas E. Michaels, Jennifer E. Georgia Inst Technol Sch Aerosp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480651

The development of effective damage imaging and characterization tools is a challenging task because of the dispersive and multi-modal nature of Lamb waves. An additional problem is the need for baseline data that is required by a number of existing techniques. This paper presents the development of imaging algorithms applied to filtered wavefield data received from piezoelectric disc sources. Frequency-wavenumber filtering is used to separate incident/backscattered waves and individual wave modes. Filtered data are provided as input to imaging algorithms that detect damage and estimate its location. The implementation of incident and backscattered waves separation procedures avoids the need for a baseline, while mode separation permits the analysis of modes that are most sensitive to damage. The proposed algorithm is verified experimentally for damage detection on an aluminum plate.

关键词： Image filtering algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Fourier transforms Transducers Damage detection Structural health monitoring Visualization Wave propagation Aluminum

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Research on Remote Synchronization System for Onboard Crystal Oscillators of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

Research on Remote Synchronization System for Onboard Crysta...

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International Conference on Space Information Technology 2009

作者： Iwata, Toshiaki Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480798

The remote synchronization system for the onboard crystal oscillator (RESSOX) of the quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS) has been studied at AIST since 2003. RESSOX reduces the overall cost and satellite power consumption, the onboard weight and volume, and has a longer lifetime than a system with an onboard atomic time standard. The targets of our research are synchronization to within 10 ns between the ground station time standard and the onboard QZSS crystal oscillators and stability better than 1x10(13) at 100,000 s. RESSOX has been developed in four stages: (1) arrangement of hardware simulators and feasibility study, (2) QZSS experiment preparation, (3) RESSOX algorithm development, and (4) space experiments using geostationary satellites. After launch in 2010, one more stage will be added: (5) demonstration of RESSOX using QZSS. The achievements in the first four stages and a plan of the final stage will be summarized.

关键词： Satellites Crystals Oscillators algorithm development Computer simulations Navigation systems Feedback control Error analysis Fourier transforms Solar radiation models

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