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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Line segment based image registration

Line segment based image registration

引用

Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2008

作者： Li, Yong Stevenson, Robert L. Gai, Jiading Univ Notre Dame Dept Elect Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469946

This paper proposes a line segment based image registration method. Edges are detected and partitioned into line segments. Line-fitting is applied onto every line segment to rule out those segments of high fitting error. For each segment in a reference image, putative matching segments in a test image are picked with the constraints obtained by analyzing affine transformations. Putative segment correspondences result in the correspondences of intersections of segments, which are used as matching points. An affine matrix is derived from those point correspondences and evaluated by the similarity metric. The segment correspondences ending up with higher similarity metrics are used to compute the final transformation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust especially when salient points can not be detected accurately.

关键词： Image segmentation Image registration Edge detection Sensors Feature extraction algorithm development Computer vision technology Image sensors Lithium Machine vision

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The probability of misassociation between neighboring targets

The probability of misassociation between neighboring target...

引用

20th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets

作者： Areta, Javier A. Bar-Shalom, Yaakov Rothrock, Ronald Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Sparta Syst Inc Arlington VA 22209 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

This paper presents procedures to calculate the probability that the measurement originating from an extraneous target will be (mis)associated with a target of interest for the cases of Nearest Neighbor and Global association. It is shown that these misassociation probabilities depend., under certain assumptions, on a particular - covariance weighted - norm of the difference between the targets' predicted measurements. For the Nearest Neighbor association, the exact solution, obtained for the case of equal innovation covariances, is based on a noncentral chi-square distribution. An approximate solution is also presented for the case of unequal innovation covariances. For the Global case an approximation is presented for the case of "similar" innovation covariances. In the general case of unequal innovation covariances where this approximation fails, an exact method based on the inversion of the characteristic function is presented. The theoretical results, confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations, quantify the benefit of Global vs. Nearest Neighbor association. These results are applied to problems of single sensor as well as centralized fusion architecture multiple sensor tracking.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Sensors Matrices Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms Radar Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Distance measurement Sensor fusion

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Enhanced ship detection from overhead imagery

Enhanced ship detection from overhead imagery

引用

Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security IV

作者： Buck, Heidi Sharghi, Elan Guilas, Chessa Stastny, John Morgart, William Schalcosky, Brian Pifko, Keith SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Diego CA 92152 USA Univ Penn Comp Sci & Engn Dept Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471369

In the authors' previous work, a sequence of image-processing algorithms was developed that was suitable for detecting and classifying ships from panchromatic Quickbird electro-optical satellite Imagery. Presented in this paper are several new algorithms, which improve the performance and enhance the capabilities of the ship detection software, as well as an overview on how land masking is performed. Specifically, this paper describes the new algorithms for enhanced detection including for the reduction of false detects such as glint and clouds. Improved cloud detection and filtering algorithms are described as well as several texture classification algorithms are used to characterize the background statistics of the ocean texture. These detection algorithms employ both cloud and glint removal techniques, which we describe. Results comparing ship detection with and without these false detect reduction algorithms are provided. These are components of a larger effort to develop a low-cost solution for detecting the presence of ships from readily-available overhead commercial imagery and comparing this information against various open-source ship-registry databases to categorize contacts for follow-on analysis.

关键词： Clouds Detection and tracking algorithms Image segmentation Fourier transforms Binary data Image processing Image filtering Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Image classification

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A novel approach to automatic threat detection in MMW imagery of people scanned in portals

A novel approach to automatic threat detection in MMW imager...

引用

Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XI

作者： Vaidya, Nitin A. Williams, Thomas Millivis Technol S Deerfield MA 01373 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471390

We have developed a novel approach to performing automatic detection of concealed threat objects in passive MMW imagery of people scanned in a portal setting. It is applicable to the significant class of imaging scanners that use the protocol of having the subject rotate in front of the camera in order to image them from several closely spaced directions. Customary methods of dealing with MMW sequences rely on the analysis of the spatial images in a frame-by-frame manner, with information extracted from separate frames combined by some subsequent technique of data association and tracking over time. We contend that the pooling of information over time in traditional methods is not as direct as can be and potentially less efficient in distinguishing threats from clutter. We have formulated a more direct approach to extracting information about the scene as it evolves over time. We propose an atypical spatio-temporal arrangement of the MMW image data - to which we give the descriptive name Row Evolution Image (REI) sequence. This representation exploits the singular aspect of having the subject rotate in front of the camera. We point out which features in REIs are most relevant to detecting threats, and describe the algorithms we have developed to extract them. We demonstrate results of successful automatic detection of threats, including ones whose faint image contrast renders their disambiguation from clutter very challenging. We highlight the ease afforded by the REI approach in permitting specialization of the detection algorithms to different parts of the subject body. Finally, we describe the execution efficiency advantages of our approach, given its natural fit to parallel processing.

关键词： Extremely high frequency Cameras Imaging systems Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Feature extraction algorithm development Optical filters Parallel processing Scanners

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Robust segmentation using kernel and spatial based fuzzy c-means methods on breast x-ray images

Robust segmentation using kernel and spatial based fuzzy c-m...

引用

Medical Imaging 2008 Conference

作者： Sun, Xuejun Goldgof, Dmitry Land, Walker Univ S Florida Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tampa FL 33620 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470980

Robust methods for precise segmentation of breast region or volume from breast X-ray images, including mammogram and tomosynthetic image, is crucial for applications of these medical images. However, this task is challenging because the acquired images not only are inherent noisy and inhomogeneous, but there are also connected or overlapped artifacts, or noises on the images as well, due to local volume effect of tissues, parametric resolutions and other physical limitations of the imaging device. This paper proposes and develops robust fuzzy c-means (FCM) segmentation methods for segmentation of breast region on breast x-ray images, including mammography and tomosynthesis, respectively. We develop spatial information- and kernel function- based FCM methods to differentiate breast area or breast volume. Spatial information based FCM method incorporates neighborhood pixels' intensities into segmentation because neighbored pixels on an image are highly correlated. Kernel based FCM algorithm is developed by transforming pixel intensity using kernel functions to better improve segmentation performance. The proposed segmentation methods are implemented on mammograms and tomosynthetic images and compared with conventional FCM results. Experiment results demonstrate the proposed segmentation methods are much better compared with traditional FCM method, and are more robust to noises. The developed kernel and spatial based FCM method will be applied for differentiation of breast density and abnormal regions within the breast region to examine its performance in reducing false positive segmentations.

关键词： Image segmentation Breast Mammography X-rays Edge detection X-ray imaging Digital mammography Fuzzy logic algorithm development Medical imaging

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Automated detection of nodules attached to the pleural and mediastinal surface in low-dose CT scans - art. no. 69150X

Automated detection of nodules attached to the pleural and m...

引用

Medical Imaging 2008 Conference

作者： van Ginneken, Bram Tan, Andre Murphy, Keelin de Hoop, Bart-Jan Prokop, Mathias Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Image Sci Inst Utrecht Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470997

This paper presents a new computer-aided detection scheme for lung nodules attached to the pleural or mediastinal surface in low dose CT scans. First the lungs are automatically segmented and smoothed. Any connected set of voxels attached to the wall - with each voxel above minus 500 HU and the total object within a specified volume range - was considered a candidate finding. For each candidate, a refined segmentation was computed using morphological operators to remove attached structures;For each candidate, 35 features were defined, based on their position in the lung and relative to other structures, and the shape and density within and around each candidate. In a training procedure an optimal set of 15 features was determined with a k-nearest-neighbor classifier and sequential floating forward feature selection. The algorithm was trained with a data set of 708 scans from a lung cancer screening study containing 224 pleural nodules and tested on an independent test set of 226 scans from the same program with 58 pleural nodules. The algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 52% with an average of 0.76 false positives per scan. At 2.5 false positive marks per scan, the sensitivity increased to 80%.

关键词： Lung Image segmentation Computed tomography Lung cancer algorithm development Blood vessels Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Cancer Computer aided design Spherical lenses

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Advance Overlay Correction beyond 32nm DRAM Process

Advance Overlay Correction beyond 32nm DRAM Process

引用

Conference on the Lithography Asia 2008

作者： Hung, Chia Tsung Hsia, Chung Ping Cheng, Tzu Shen Huang, Chun Yen Wu, Wen Bin Shih, Chiang Lin Nanya Technol Corp Tao Yuan 333 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473813

Overlay requirements for semiconductor devices are decreasing faster than anticipation. Beyond 50nm technology node, overlay budget becomes much tighter as 20% of half pitch. If Double Patterning Technology implemented, CD error will consume overlay control budget, which must be tighter than 1nm or 2nm. For 32nm technology node, the overlay control budget might be less than 5nm. In this paper, we studied the possibility of 5nm overlay control by using Zone Alignment (ZA), High Order Correction (HOC) and Correction Per Exposure (CPE). ZA is a novel zone dependency alignment strategy which compensates an improper averaging effect through weighting all surrounding marks with a linear model. HOC is an alignment correction method which can compensate nonlinear overlay error up to fifth order polynomial. CPE is a function of Grid-Mapper package, which is a field base method to correct overlay error field by field. It's also a good approach to minimize the grid fingerprint difference between exposure tools. The results of this paper indicate that ZA and HOC can reduce 15 similar to 25% uncorrectable overlay residual against conventional linear model and the stability in mass production has been demonstrated. Therefore, it is still not possible to control overlay within 5nm. CPE shows very good overlay residual performance as our expectation, and it's a possible approach to achieve 5nm overlay control in 32nm technology node. In addition, the feedback or feed-forward mechanisms have to be established for mass production worthy.

关键词： Semiconducting wafers Optical alignment Overlay metrology Data modeling Double patterning technology algorithm development Lithography Semiconductors Current controlled current source Process control

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Detection of partial-thickness tears in ligaments and tendons by stokes-polarimetry imaging - art. no. 686406

Detection of partial-thickness tears in ligaments and tendon...

引用

Conference on Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering II

作者： Kim, Jihoon John, Raheel Walsh, Joseph T. Northwestern Univ Dept Biomed Engn Evanston IL 60208 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470393

A Stokes polarimetry imaging (SPI) system utilizes an algorithm developed to construct degree of polarization (DoP) image maps from linearly polarized light illumination. Partial-thickness tears of turkey tendons were imaged by the SPI system in order to examine the feasibility of the system to detect partial-thickness rotator cuff tear or general tendon pathology. The rotating incident polarization angle (IPA) for the linearly polarized light provides a way to analyze different tissue types which may be sensitive to IPA variations. Degree of linear polarization (DoLP) images revealed collagen fiber structure, related to partial-thickness tears, better than standard intensity images. DoLP images also revealed structural changes in tears that are related to the tendon load. DoLP images with red-wavelength-filtered incident light may show tears and related organization of collagen fiber structure at a greater depth from the tendon surface. Degree of circular polarization (DoCP) images exhibited well the horizontal fiber orientation that is not parallel to the vertically aligned collagen fibers of the tendon. The SPI system's DOLP images reveal alterations in tendons and ligaments, which have a tissue matrix consisting largely of collagen, better than intensity images. All polarized images showed modulated intensity as the IPA was varied. The optimal detection of the partial-thickness tendon tears at a certain IPA was observed. The SPI system with varying IPA and spectral information can improve the detection of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears by higher visibility of fiber orientations and thereby improve diagnosis and treatment of tendon related injuries.

关键词： Polarization Collagen Imaging systems Tissues Polarimetry Refractive index Tissue optics Birefringence algorithm development Structured optical fibers

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Representative image thumbnails: Automatic and manual

Representative image thumbnails: Automatic and manual

引用

Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XIII

作者： Samadani, Ramin Mauer, Tim Berfanger, David Clark, Jim Bausk, Brett HP Labs. (United States) HP Rainbow Image Science (United States) *** (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469786

Image thumbnails are used in most imaging products and applications, where they allow quick preview of the content of the underlying high resolution images. The question: "How would you best represent a high resolution original image given a fixed number of thumbnail pixels?" is addressed using both automatically and manually generated thumbnails. Automatically generated thumbnails that preserve the image quality of the high resolution originals are first reviewed and subjectively evaluated. These thumbnails allow interactive identification of image quality, while simultaneously allowing the viewer's knowledge to select desired subject matter. Images containing textures are, however, difficult for the automatic algorithm. Textured images are further studied by using photo editing to manually generate representative thumbnails. The automatic thumbnails are subjectively compared to standard (filter and subsample) thumbnails using clean, blurry, noisy, and textured images. Results using twenty subjects find the automatic thumbnails more representative of their originals for blurry images. In addition, as desired, there is little difference between the automatic and standard thumbnails for clean images. The noise component improves the results for noisy images, but degrades the results for textured images. Further studying textured images, the manual thumbnails were subjectively compared to standard thumbnails for four images. Evaluation using forty judgments found a bimodal distribution for preference between the standard and the manual thumbnails, with some observers preferring manual thumbnails and others preferring standard thumbnails.

关键词： Image quality Image resolution Image processing Image quality standards Spatial frequencies Image filtering algorithm development Contrast sensitivity Stochastic processes Photography

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Lossless Compression algorithm for Multispectral Imagers

Lossless Compression Algorithm for Multispectral Imagers

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Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications and Archiving IV

作者： Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael Gottipati, Srikanth NOAA CREST CCNY New York NY 10031 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473042

Multispectral imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for monitoring the earth and its environment from space borne and airborne platforms. Multispectral imaging data, consists of visible;and IR measurements from a. scene across space and spectrum. Growing data. rates resulting from faster scanning and finer spatial and spectral resolution makes compression an increasingly critical tool to reduce data volume for transmission and archiving. Research for NOAA NESDIS has been directed to finding for the characteristics of satellite atmospheric Earth science Imager sensor data. what level of Lossless compression ratio can be obtained as well as appropriate types of mathematics and approaches that can lead to approaching this data's entropy level. Conventional lossless do not achieve the theoretical limits for lossless compression on imager data as estimated from the Shannon entropy. In a previous paper, the authors introduce a lossless compression algorithm developed for MODIS as a proxy for future NOAA-NESDIS satellite based Earth science multispectral imagers such as GOES-R. The algorithm is based on capturing spectral correlations using spectral prediction, and spatial correlations with a linear transform encoder. In decompression, the algorithm uses a statistically computed look up table: to iteratively predict each channel from a channel decompressed in the previous iteration. In this paper we present, a new approach which fundamentally differs from our prior work. In this new approach, instead of having a single predictor for each pair of bands we introduce;a piecewise spatially varying predictor which significantly improves the compression results. Our new algorithm also now optimizes the sequence of channels we use for prediction. Our results arc: evaluated by comparison with a state of the art wavelet based image compression scheme, Jpeg2000. We present results on the 14 channel subset of the MODIS imager, which serves as a proxy for the GOES-R image

关键词： Image compression Imaging systems JPEG2000 MODIS Multispectral imaging algorithm development Computer programming Satellites Data archive systems Satellite imaging

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