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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Advances in Displaying Uncertain Estimates of Multiple Targets

Advances in Displaying Uncertain Estimates of Multiple Targe...

引用

Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII

作者： Crouse, David Frederic Naval Res Lab Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819495365

Both maximum likelihood estimation as well as minimum mean optimal subpattern assignment (MMOSPA) estimation have been shown to provide meaningful estimates in instances of target identity uncertainty when the number of targets present is known. Maximum likelihood measurement to track association (2D assignment) has been widely studied and is reviewed in this paper. However, it is widely believed that approximate MMOSPA estimation can not be performed in real time except when considering a very small number of targets. This paper demonstrates the MMOSPA estimator arises as a special case of a minimum mean Wasserstein metric estimator when the number of targets is unknown. Additionally, it is shown that approximate MMOSPA estimates can be calculated in microseconds to miliseconds without extensive optimization, making MMOSPA estimation a practicable alternative to more traditional estimators.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms MATLAB Matrices algorithm development Error analysis Optimization (mathematics) Chemical elements Evolutionary algorithms Radar Monte Carlo methods

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MACHINE VISION TECHNIQUES FOR ROSE GRADING

MACHINE VISION TECHNIQUES FOR ROSE GRADING

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Conference on Vision, Sensors, and Control for Automated Manufacturing Systems

作者： STEINMETZ, V DELWICHE, MJ CEMAGREF DIV FOOD & FARM MACHINERY EQUIPMENTF-34033 MONTPELLIER 1FRANCE

ISBN: (纸本)0819413283

A machine vision system was developed to inspect roses, and assign grades similar to those used by human graders. Illumination and image processing techniques were developed to extract the main features used by human vision. These features were identified as stem length, diameter and straightness, and bud color and maturity (i.e., openness). Illumination techniques include the design of an inspection chamber and the choice of proper light source. Image analysis includes the development of algorithms for image understanding. Supervised learning was used to classify roses.

关键词： Machine vision Image segmentation Inspection Cameras algorithm development Light sources and illumination Image processing RGB color model Feature extraction Neural networks

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EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN METHODOLOGY - THE SCIENTIFIC TOOL FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN METHODOLOGY - THE SCIENTIFIC TOOL FOR PE...

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CONF ON SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

作者： SADJADI, F Honeywell Systems and Research Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940361X

With the rapid growth of the signal and image processing technology in the last several decades has arisen the need for means of evaluating and comparing the numerous algorithms and systems that are created or are being developed. Performance evaluation, in the past, has been mostly ad hoc and incohesive. In this paper we present a systematic step by step approach for the scientific evaluation of signal and image processing algorithms and systems. This approach is based on the methodology of Experimental Design. We illustrate this method by means of an example from the field of automatic object recognition.

关键词： Image processing Data modeling Signal processing Performance modeling algorithm development Error analysis Systems modeling Detection and tracking algorithms Infrared imaging Sensors

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Target Localization in Moving Radar Platform Exploiting Range and Doppler Information through Semidefinite Relaxation

Target Localization in Moving Radar Platform Exploiting Rang...

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Conference on Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing V

作者： Liu, Jia Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Villanova Univ Ctr Adv Commun Villanova PA 19085 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481702

Moving radar platforms form synthetic apertures for effective target localization. One of the important target localization techniques is to multilaterate the position of a target based on the own positions of the radar and the range estimates obtained at each radar position. In practical applications, the radar positions as well as the range estimates are subject to error due to maneuvering, timing error, as well as measurement noise. Previous works have shown that, by incorporating the semidefinite relaxation techniques which permit the use of convex optimization approaches to solve a large class of nonconvex estimation problems, improved target location estimates can be achieved over those obtained from conventional techniques, such as least square methods. In some radar applications, on the other hand, it may be advantageous to incorporate the Doppler measurements. Doppler frequency information is often complementary to range measurements in target localization and is particularly helpful when range information alone does not provide satisfactory target localization performance. In this paper, we consider the problem of target localization based on both range and Doppler estimates obtained at multiple radar locations, where such information as well as the radar locations are subject to certain random errors. Semidefinite relaxation is applied to formulate convex solutions for this problem. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate performance improvement by utilizing both range and Doppler estimates.

关键词： Doppler effect Radar Sensors Error analysis algorithm development Convex optimization Receivers Signal to noise ratio Synthetic aperture radar Wireless communications

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INNOVATIVE TESTBED FOR DEVELOPING AND ASSESSING AIR-TO-AIR NONCOOPERATIVE TARGET IDENTIFICATION (NCTI) algorithmS

INNOVATIVE TESTBED FOR DEVELOPING AND ASSESSING AIR-TO-AIR N...

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CONF ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION

作者： KNOPOW, JP TAU Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408646

The development and evaluation of multi-source, multi-spectral, all-aspect airborne target identification algorithms has been proven to be cumbersome as well as disjointed. The algorithm development capability under this testbed concept encompasses model-based reasoning, information fusion, airborne target identification, and target/sensor phenomenology analysis. The evaluation capability assembles multiple sensor and target types coupled with all aspect viewing in an operationally representative air-to-air environment. The importance of developing better techniques for establishing positive target identification for beyond visual ranges has increased in tactical importance, as a result of the Persian Gulf War. In addition to supporting the evaluation of algorithms and associated sensors, this testbed will support on- going R&D in the Air-To-Air Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) arena.

关键词： Sensors Target recognition Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Electro optical modeling Environmental sensing Infrared signatures Data modeling Information fusion Visualization

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GENETIC SEARCH OF A GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM SPACE

GENETIC SEARCH OF A GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM SPACE

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CONF ON ADAPTIVE AND LEARNING SYSTEMS

作者： MONTANA, DJ Bolt Beranek & Newman Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408719

We use a Generalized Hough transform (GHT) to detect and track instances of a class of sonar signals. This class consists of a four-dimensional set of curves and hence requires a four- dimensional transform space for the GHT. Many of the signals we need to detect are very weak. Such signals yield peaks in the transform space which are both very narrow and not too far above the random background variations. Finding such peaks is difficult. Exhaustive search over a predetermined discretization of the transform space will yield a nearly optimal point for a sufficiently fine discretization. However, even with an intelligently chosen discretization, exhaustive search requires searching over (and hence evaluating) many points in the transform space. We have therefore developed a genetic algorithm to more efficiently search the transform space. Designing the genetic algorithm to work properly has required experimentation with a number of its parameters. The most important of these are (1) the representation, (2) the population size, and (3) the number of runs.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Signal detection Hough transforms Genetics algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Computer programming Image segmentation Binary data Signal to noise ratio

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Reentry survivability modeling

Reentry survivability modeling

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Conference on Small Spacecraft, Space Environments, and Instrumentation Technologies

作者： Fudge, ML Maher, RL Kaman Sciences Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425389

Statistical methods for expressing the impact risk posed to space systems in general (and the International Space Station ({ISS} in particular) by other resident space objects have been examined. One of the findings of this investigation is that there are legitimate physical modeling reasons for the common statistical expression of the collision risk. A combination of statistical methods and physical modeling is also used to express the impact risk posed by reentering space systems to objects of interest (e.g., people and property) on Earth. One of the largest uncertainties in the expressing of this risk is the estimation of survivable material which survives reentry to impact Earth's surface. This point was recently demonstrated in dramatic fashion by the impact of an intact expendable launch vehicle (ELV) upper stage near a private residence in the continental United States. Since approximately half of the missions supporting ISS will utilize ELVs, it is appropriate to examine the methods used to estimate the amount and physical characteristics of ELV debris surviving reentry to impact Earth's surface. This paper will examine reentry survivability estimation methodology, including the specific methodology used by Kaman Sciences' ''SURVIVE'' model. Comparisons between empirical results (observations of objects which have been recovered on Earth after surviving reentry) and SURVIVE estimates are presented for selected upper stage or spacecraft components and a Delta launch vehicle second stage.

关键词： Optical spheres Aluminum Copper Radon Atmospheric modeling Statistical modeling Systems modeling Titanium algorithm development Statistical methods

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Energy flux method for die-to-database inspection of critical layer reticles

Energy flux method for die-to-database inspection of critica...

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22nd Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology

作者： Garcia, H Volk, W Xiong, YL Watson, S Yu, ZC Guo, Z Wang, LT KLA Tencor San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446750

With growing implementation of low k(1) lithography on DUV scanners for wafer production, detecting and analyzing photomask critical dimension.(CD) errors and semitransparent defects is vital for qualifying photomasks to enable high IC wafer yields for 130mn and 100nm nodes. Using the TeraStar(TM) pattern inspection system's image computer platform, a new die-to-database algorithm, TeraFlux(TM), has been implemented and tested for the inspection of small "closed" features. The algorithm is run in die-to-database mode comparing the energy flux difference between reticle and the database reference for small closed features, such as, contacts, trenches, and cells on chrome and half-tone reticles. The algorithm is applicable to both clear and dark field reticles. Tests show the new algorithm provides CD error detection to 6% energy flux variation with low false defect counts. We have characterized the sensitivity and false defect performance of the die-to-database energy flux algorithm with production masks and programmed defect test masks. A sampling of inspection results will be presented. Wafer, printability results using the programmed defects on a programmed defect test reticle will be presented and compared to the inspection defect sensitivity results.

关键词： Inspection Reticles Defect detection Semiconducting wafers Critical dimension metrology Photomasks Lithography Defect inspection algorithm development Databases

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REVISED WATER-VAPOR LINE PARAMETERS IN THE 1.0 TO 1.1 MU-M REGION

REVISED WATER-VAPOR LINE PARAMETERS IN THE 1.0 TO 1.1 MU-M R...

引用

CONF ON PROPAGATION ENGINEERING

作者： MEREDITH, RE SPELLICY, RL GALLERY, WO OBRIEN, SG MATISE, BK OptiMetrics Inc. (United States) AER Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403636

Advancements in short wavelength lasers has renewed the interest in molecular extinction in the 1.0 to 2.0 micrometer region. In recent programs sponsored by three agencies: Lincoln Laboratory, the U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command, and the Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, OptiMetrics has refined molecular parameters in this spectral region for use with both ground level and slant atmospheric paths.

关键词： Absorption Atmospheric sciences algorithm development Defense and security Geophysics Calibration Interferometers Molecular lasers Transmittance Lanthanum

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Feature Selection for Steganalysis using the Mahalanobis Distance

Feature Selection for Steganalysis using the Mahalanobis Dis...

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Conference on Media Forensics and Security II

作者： Davidson, Jennifer L. Jalan, Jaikishan Iowa State Univ Dept Math Ames IA 50011 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ames IA 50011 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479341

Steganalysis is used to detect hidden content in innocuous images. Many successful steganalysis algorithms use a large number of features relative to the size of the training set and suffer from a "curse of dimensionality": large number of feature values relative to training data size. High dimensionality of the feature space can reduce classification accuracy, obscure important features for classification, and increase computational complexity. This paper presents a filter-type feature selection algorithm that selects reduced feature sets using the Mahalanobis distance measure, and develops classifiers from the sets. The experiment is applied to a well-known JPEG steganalyzer, and shows that using our approach, reduced-feature steganalyzers can be obtained that perform as well as the original steganalyzer. The steganalyzer is that of Pevny et al. (SPIE, 2007) that combines DCT-based feature values and calibrated Markov features. Five embedding algorithms are used. Our results demonstrate that as few as 10-60 features at various levels of embedding can be used to create a classifier that gives comparable results to the full suite of 274 features.

关键词： Mahalanobis distance Steganalysis Feature selection Distance measurement Principal component analysis Steganography Feature extraction algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Image compression

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