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Cluster-based localization in wireless sensor networks

Cluster-based localization in wireless sensor networks

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Conference on Wireless Sensing and Processing

作者： Medidi, Muralidhar Slaaen, Roger A. Zhou, Yuanyuan Mallery, Christopher J. Medidi, Sirisha Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99194 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463043

Localization is an important challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Localization usually refers to the process of dynamically determining the position(s) of one or more node(s) in a larger network. The challenge lies in efficiently providing "acceptable" accuracy while conforming to the many constraints of WSNs. We propose a Cluster-based Partial Localization (CPL) to provide efficient localization, where the focus is on providing scalable partial localization suitable to a large and high-density network. CPL utilizes both a computationally-intensive localization technique (non-metric MDS) and a less intensive triangulation to achieve balance between complexity and performance. Clustering is utilized to select a subset of nodes to perform the non-metric MDS localization and then extend to the rest of the network. We show, with simulation results, that CPL will provide a considerable reduction in both computation and communication, while still yielding an acceptable accuracy.

关键词： Sensor networks Curium Sensors Head Error analysis algorithm development Computer simulations Global Positioning System Quantization Electrical engineering

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Linearly constrained band selection for hyperspectral imagery

Linearly constrained band selection for hyperspectral imager...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII

作者： Wang, Su Chang, Chein-, I Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab Baltimore MD 21250 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462896

Linearly constrained adaptive beamforming has been used to design hyperspectral target detection algorithms such as constrained energy minimization (CEM) and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV). It linearly constrains a desired target signature while minimizing interfering effects caused by other unknown signatures. This paper investigates this idea and further uses it to develop a new approach to band selection, referred to as linear constrained band selection (LCBS) for hyperspectral imagery. It interprets a band image as a desired target signature while considering other band images as unknown signatures. With this interpretation, the proposed LCBS linearly constrains a band image while also minimizing band correlation or dependence caused by other band images. As a result, two different methods referred to as Band Correlation Minimization (BCM) and Band Correlation Constraint (BCC) can be developed for band selection. Such LCBS allows one to select desired bands for data analysis. In order to determine the number of bands required to select, p, a recently developed concept, called virtual dimensionality (VD) is used to estimate the p. Once the p is determined, a set of p desired bands can be selected by LCBS. Finally, experiments are conducted to substantiate the proposed LCBS.

关键词： Target detection Hyperspectral imaging algorithm development Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Linear filtering Image filtering Optical filters Hyperspectral target detection Principal component analysis

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Providing QoS guarantees in video servers with VBR multi-resolution video

Providing QoS guarantees in video servers with VBR multi-res...

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Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2003

作者： Grover, RS Li, QA Santa Clara Univ Dept Comp Engn Santa Clara CA 95053 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819448192

A video server may need to reserve resources in order to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the various clients that it services. We present an admission control strategy that provides deterministic admission to the minimum or necessary layers and statistical admission to the higher layers of a client video stream accessing variable bit-rate multiresolution video. An efficient data placement scheme called Partial-Bundled is proposed and compared with other data placement strategies. In the event of a node failure, the load on the failed node is distributed across the functional nodes. Therefore, the load on each node is increased by a fraction depending on the data replication scheme used, and it may be necessary to degrade the resolutions of the streams. Two heuristic algorithms to provide for graceful degradation in the presence of disk failure are described. The heuristic algorithms attempt to maximize the rewards (related to average quality of a stream) while reducing the resolution of clients.

关键词： Video Failure analysis algorithm development Data modeling Statistical analysis Computer simulations Network architectures Systems modeling Multimedia Tolerancing

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A comprehensive simulation environment for sensor fusion

A comprehensive simulation environment for sensor fusion

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Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Applications

作者： Macior, Robert E. Mercurio, Steven M. Walter, Sharon M. Rakowski, Sheila W. Kozak, Mark P. Blount, Michael P. Air Force Res Lab 525 Brooks Rd Rome NY 13441 USA Black River Syst Co Utica NY 13502 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462845

Future battlespaces will contain large numbers of varied sensors deployed on the ground, in the air, and in space. Military commanders will make more effective decisions if sensor data is fused to provide a cohesive picture of their battlespace environment. The Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) has developed a testbed within which to integrate, evaluate, and demonstrate fusion and information technologies to support and facilitate the sharing and exploitation of data from a variety of sensors. The Fusion Testbed is used to support analytical studies, on-site and network distributed simulation exercises, and the processing of real-world, multiple source intelligence (multi-INT) data. Varied scenario simulation tools, platform and sensor models (including JSTARS, U2, and Global Hawk);data simulators for GMTI, ELINT and MASINT along with operational systems (including MTIX and KAST), and highly developed multi-INT data fusion systems are available for application to the problem of ground target identification and tracking against a variety of operational scenarios. Scenario animations display simulation environment activities and unique automated analytical tools quantify established Measures of Performance (MOPS). In total, the Fusion Testbed facilitates a broad range of command, control, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (C2ISR), and fusion technology developments. This paper describes the AFRL Fusion Testbed component capabilities and operationally-focused applications.

关键词： sensor fusion fusion testbed multi-INT simulation algorithm development

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EXTRACTION OF TEXT BOXES FROM ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

EXTRACTION OF TEXT BOXES FROM ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

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CONF ON MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTER RECOGNITION AND INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION

作者： CHAI, I DORI, D Univ. of Kansas (United States) Technion/Israel Institute of Technology (Israel)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408158

Textboxes are minimum size rectangles enclosing blocks of text in engineering drawings. Their separation from the graphics surrounding them is a first step in character recognition, and is a part of the Machine Drawing Understanding System, currently under development. Textbox extraction is preceded by orthogonal zig-zag vectorization, arc segmentation, and arrowhead recognition. It is done by clustering the remaining short bars that are located close to each other through a region growing process. Further refinements follow which improve the ability of the process to outline the real textboxes.

关键词： Visualization Standards development Tolerancing Optical character recognition Raster graphics algorithm development Computer aided design Hough transforms Image segmentation Information visualization

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A smartphone compatible colorimetric biosensing system based on porous silicon 14

A smartphone compatible colorimetric biosensing system based...

引用

Conference on Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XIV

作者： Cao, Tengfei Zhao, Yiliang Weiss, Sharon M. Vanderbilt Univ Interdisciplinary Grad Program Mat Sci 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510605961

ISBN: (纸本)9781510605954;9781510605961

A colorimetric biosensing system based on a porous silicon (PSi) rugate filter is demonstrated. Using an imaged-based technique that monitors RGB intensity, a spectral shift less than 0.25nm can be reliably detected. The porous silicon rugate filter demonstrates a sensitivity of 310 nm/RIU, which corresponds to a detection limit near 7x10(-4) RIU. In this work, an external light source and camera are employed for proof-of-concept demonstration. By utilizing a smartphone camera LED and smartphone camera as the light source and detector, respectively, this system could serve as an effective, low-cost, point-of-care diagnostic tool.

关键词： Optical filters Reflectivity Cameras Glucose Image filtering Bandpass filters Biosensing Silicon Sensors algorithm development Diagnostics Point-of-care devices RGB color model

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ERROR PROPAGATION OF SOME FAST RLS algorithmS 4

ERROR PROPAGATION OF SOME FAST RLS ALGORITHMS

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4TH CONF ON ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING algorithmS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS

作者： QIAO, SZ McMaster Univ. (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

The fast recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms have wide applications in signal processing and control. They are computationally efficient. Thus their stability is of major concern. In this paper, we investigate the error propagation and stability of some typical fast RLS algorithms. Through a random example, we show that a typical conventional fast RLS algorithm is weakly unstable in computing both the residuals and the gain vectors and a QR based algorithm is expected to be weakly stable in computing the residuals but weakly unstable in computing the gain vectors. We propose an error correction scheme for computing the gain vectors.

关键词： algorithm development Condition numbers MATLAB Lead Process control Signal processing Analytical research

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MENTAT: A benchmark evaluation testbed for nonlinear filtering

MENTAT: A benchmark evaluation testbed for nonlinear filteri...

引用

Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV

作者： Mahler, R Hoffman, J Chen, LJ Lockheed Martin MS2 Tact Syst Eagan MN USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457949

Many nonlinear filtering (NLF) algorithms have been proposed in recent years for application to single-an multi-target detection and tracking. A methodology for preliminary test and evaluation (PT&E) of these algorithms is becoming increasingly necessary. Under U.S. Army Research Office funding, Scientific Systems Co. Inc. and Lockheed Martin are developing a Multi-Environment NLF Racking Assessment Testbed (MENTAT) to address this need. Once completed, MENTAT is to provide a "hierarchical" series of preliminary test and evaluation (PT&E) Monte Carlo simulated environments (including benchmark problems) of increasing difficulty and realism. The simplest MENTAT environment will consist of simple 2D scenarios with simple Gaussian-noise backgrounds and simple target maneuvers. The most complicated environments will involve: (1) increasingly more realistic simulated low-SNR backgrounds;(2) increasing motion and sensor nonlinearity;(3) increasingly higher state dimensionality;(4) increasing numbers of targets;and so on.

关键词： Sensors Signal to noise ratio Monte Carlo methods Nonlinear filtering Detection and tracking algorithms Environmental sensing algorithm development Data modeling Particle filters Target detection

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algorithm enabled TOF-PET imaging with reduced scan time

Algorithm enabled TOF-PET imaging with reduced scan time

引用

Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Zhang, Zheng Rose, Sean Ye, Jinghan Perkins, Amy E. Chen, Buxin Sidky, Emil Y. Kao, Chien-Min Tung, Chi-Hua Pan, Xiaochuan Univ Chicago Dept Radiol Chicago IL 60637 USA Philips Healthcare Chicago IL USA Univ Chicago Dept Cellular Oncol Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510616363

ISBN: (纸本)9781510616363

Time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) has gained remarkable development recently due to the advances in scintillator, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and fast electronics. However, current clinical reconstruction algorithms in TOF-PET are still based on ordered-subset-expectation-maximization (OSEM) and its variants, which may face challenges in non-conventional imaging applications, such as fast imaging within short scan time. In this work, we propose an image-TV constrained optimization problem, and tailor a primal dual algorithm for solving the problem and reconstructing images. We collect list-mode data of a Jaszczak phantom with a prototype digital TOF-PET scanner. We focus on investigating image reconstruction from data collected within reduced scan time, and thus of lower count levels. Results of the study indicate that our proposed algorithm can 1) yield image reconstruction with suppressed noise, extended axial volume coverage, and improved spatial resolution over that obtained in conventional reconstructions, and 2) yield reconstructions with potential clinical utility from data collected within shorter scan time.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Positron emission tomography Optimization (mathematics) Prototyping Yield improvement algorithm development

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Wavefront control with algorithmic differentiation on the HiCAT testbed 10

Wavefront control with algorithmic differentiation on the Hi...

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Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets X

作者： Will, Scott D. Perrin, Marshall D. Por, Emiel H. Noss, James Sahoo, Ananya Petrone, Peter Laginja, Iva Pourcelot, Raphael Redmond, Susan M. Pueyo, Laurent Groff, Tyler D. Fienup, James R. Soummer, Remi Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA Space Telescope Sci Inst 3700 San Martin Dr Baltimore MD 21218 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Hexagon Fed Chantilly VA 20151 USA Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Univ Paris Saclay ONERA DOTA F-92322 Chatillon France Univ Cote Azure Observ Cote Azure CNRS Lab Lagrange Nice France Princeton Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510644854

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644854;9781510644847

Future space-based coronagraphs will rely critically on focal-plane wavefront sensing and control with deformable mirrors to reach deep contrast by mitigating optical aberrations in the primary beam path. Until now, most focal-plane wavefront control algorithms have been formulated in terms of Jacobian matrices, which encode the predicted effect of each deformable mirror actuator on the focal-plane electric field. A disadvantage of these methods is that Jacobian matrices can be cumbersome to compute and manipulate, particularly when the number of deformable mirror actuators is large. Recently, we proposed a new class of focal-plane wavefront control algorithms that utilize gradient-based optimization with algorithmic differentiation to compute wavefront control solutions while avoiding the explicit computation and manipulation of Jacobian matrices entirely. In simulations using a coronagraph design for the proposed Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR), we showed that our approach reduces overall CPU time and memory consumption compared to a Jacobian-based algorithm. Here, we expand on these results by implementing the proposed algorithm on the High Contrast Imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) and present initial experimental results, demonstrating contrast suppression capabilities equivalent to Jacobian-based methods.

关键词： Actuators Coronagraphy Optimization (mathematics) Wavefronts algorithm development Point spread functions Wavefront sensors Adaptive optics algorithms Control systems Exoplanets Space telescopes

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