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Extended volume coverage in helical cone-beam CT by using PI-line-based BPF algorithm

Extended volume coverage in helical cone-beam CT by using PI...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Cho, Seungryong Pan, Xiaochuan Univ Chicago Dept Radiol Chicago IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466280

We compared data requirements of filtered-backprojection (FBP) and backprojection-filtration (BPF) algorithms based on PI-lines in helical cone-beam CT. Since the filtration process in FBP algorithm needs all the projection data of PI-lines for each view, the required detector size should be bigger than the size that can cover Tam-Danielsson (T-D) window to avoid data truncation. BPF algorithm, however, requires the projection data only within the T-D window, which means smaller detector size can be used to reconstruct the same image than that in FBP. In other words, a longer helical pitch can be obtained by using BPF algorithm without any truncation artifacts when a fixed detector size is given. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate numerically that extended volume coverage in helical cone-beam CT by using PI-line-based BPF algorithm can be achieved.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Detection and tracking algorithms Sensors algorithm development Image segmentation Image processing algorithms and systems Image restoration algorithms Computed tomography Medical imaging

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Bistatic synthetic aperture inversion for arbitrary flight trajectories

Bistatic synthetic aperture inversion for arbitrary flight t...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV

作者： Yarman, Can Evren Yazici, Birsen Cheney, Margaret Rensselaer Polytech Inst 110 8th St Troy NY 12180 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466907

Reconstruction algorithms for monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with poor antenna directivity traversing straight and arbitrary flight trajectories have been developed by various authors(1-5), while, to our knowledge, the acquisition geometry of bistatic SAR studies for the case of poor antenna directivity are limited to isotropic antennas traversing certain flight trajectories (straight(6,7) or circular(8,9) flight trajectories) over flat topography. In this paper, we present an approximate analytic inversion method for bistatic SAR (Bi-SAR).(10) In particular, we present a new filtered-backprojection (FBP) type Bi-SAR inversion method for arbitrary, but known, flight trajectories over non-flat, but known, topography. These FBP type reconstruction methods have the advantage that they produce images that have the edges of the scene at the correct location, orientation and strength. We demonstrate the performance of the new method via numerical simulations.

关键词： Antennas Synthetic aperture radar Receivers Transmitters Numerical simulations Reconstruction algorithms Image acquisition algorithm development Imaging systems Image restoration

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Statistics-based endmember extraction algorithms for hyperspectral imagery

Statistics-based endmember extraction algorithms for hypersp...

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Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XII

作者： Chu, Shih-Yu Wu, Chao-Cheng Chang, Chein-, I Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Baltimore MD 21250 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468093

Endmember extraction has received considerable interest in recent years. Many algorithms have been developed for this purpose and most of them are designed based on convexity geometry such as vertex or endpoint projection and maximization of simplex volume. This paper develops statistics-based approaches to endmember extraction in the sense that different orders of statistics are used as criteria to extract endmembers. The idea behind the proposed statistics-based endmember extraction algorithms (EEAs) is to assume that a set of endminembers constitute the most un-correlated sample pool among all the same number of signatures with correlation measured by statistics which include variance specified by 2(nd) order statistics, least squares error (LSE) also specified by 2(nd) order statistics (variance), 3(rd) order statistics (skewness), 4(th) order statistics (kurtosis), e moment, entropy specified by infinite order of statistics and statistical independency measured by mutual information. Of particular interest are Independent Component Analysis-based EEAs which use statistics of various orders such as variance, skewness, kurtosis the k(th) moment and infinite orders including entropy and divergence. In order to substantiate proposed statistics-based EEAs, experiments using synthetic and real images are conducted in comparison with several popular and well-known EEAs such as Pixel Purity Index (PPI), N-finder algorithm (N-FINDR).

关键词： Independent component analysis Principal component analysis Minerals Picosecond phenomena Hyperspectral imaging algorithm development Neodymium Reflectivity Remote sensing Statistical analysis

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Pendulum walker

Pendulum walker

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Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX

作者： Muenchl, Paul Marecki, Alexander USA REDECOM TARDEC 6501 E 11 Mile Rd Warren MI 48397 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466839

Picture someone walking from left to right. During one step (intra-step) we treat them as a simple pendulum. This model is called the rimless wheel in the literature. We analyze this model intra-step using dynamic programming to find the optimum energy profile based on time and energy cost. We then analyze the problem inter-step for the ideal stepsize based on time cost alone, i.e., without foot collision (energy) losses.

关键词： Computer programming algorithm development Logic Clocks Head Liquid crystal on silicon Magnesium Mathematics Unmanned systems

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Technology trends regarding video signal processing

Technology trends regarding video signal processing

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15th International Symposium on Advanced Display Technologies

作者： Vorobiev, Eugene Belyaev, Victor Samsung Res Ctr Brestskaya 1AH 29Off 400 Moscow Russia

development of technology of video enhancement became very important part of video signal processing. World leaders develops the own technology of video enhancement. This paper addresses to technology trends regarding... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9780819467843

关键词： Video Video processing Signal processing algorithm development Color and brightness control algorithms Denoising LCDs 3D image processing Human vision and color perception Analog electronics

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On providing reliability guarantees in live video streaming with collaborative clients

On providing reliability guarantees in live video streaming ...

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14th Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2007

作者： Raghuveer, Aravindan Dong, Yingfei Du, David Univ Minnesota Dept Comp Sci & Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Hawaii Dept Elect & Comp Engn Honolulu HI 96822 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466174

Although many overlay and P2P approaches have been proposed to assist large-scale live video streaming, how to ensure service quality and reliability still remains a challenging issue. Peer dynamics, especially unscheduled node departures, affect the perceived video quality at a peer node in two ways. In particular, the amplitude of quality fluctuations and the duration for which stable quality video is available at a node heavily depend on the nature of peer departures in the system. In this paper, we first propose a service quality model to quantify the quality and stability of a video stream in a P2P streaming environment. Based on this model, we further develop tree construction algorithms that ensure that every peer in the collaborative network receives a video stream with a statistical reliability guarantee on quality. A key advantage of the proposed approach is that we can now explicitly control the quality and stability of the video stream supplied to every node. This is the fundamental difference of our approach from existing approaches that provide stream stability by over-provisioning resources allocated to every peer. Also, the proposed tree construction schemes decide the position of a node in the delivery tree based on both its estimated reliability and upstream bandwidth contribution while striving to minimize the overall load on the server. Our simulations show that our algorithms use the server resources very efficiently while significantly improving the video stability at peers.

关键词： Reliability Video Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Computer simulations Surface plasmons Multimedia Relays Statistical modeling Systems modeling

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Unsupervised learning of a steerable basis for invariant image representations

Unsupervised learning of a steerable basis for invariant ima...

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Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XII

作者： Bethge, Matthias Gerwinn, Sebastian Macke, Jakob H. Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet Spemannstr 38 D-72076 Tubingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466051

There are two aspects to unsupervised learning of invariant representations of images: First, we can reduce the dimensionality of the representation by finding an optimal trade-off between temporal stability and informativeness. We show that the answer to this optimization problem is generally not unique so that there is still considerable freedom in choosing a suitable basis. Which of the many optimal representations should be selected? Here, we focus on this second aspect, and seek to find representations that are invariant under geometrical transformations occuring in sequences of natural images. We utilize ideas of 'steerability' and Lie groups, which have been developed in the context of filter design. In particular, we show how an anti-symmetric version of canonical correlation analysis can be used to learn a full-rank image basis which is steerable with respect to rotations. We provide a geometric interpretation of this algorithm by showing that it finds the two-dimensional eigensubspaces of the average bivector. For data which exhibits a variety of transformations, we develop a bivector clustering algorithm, which we use to learn a basis of generalized quadrature pairs (i.e. 'complex cells') from sequences of natural images.

关键词： Matrices Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Machine learning Signal to noise ratio Transform theory algorithm development Data modeling Canonical correlation analysis Electronic filtering

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Consistent detection and identification of individuals in a large camera network

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Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV

作者： Colombo, Alberto Leung, Valerie Orwell, James Velastin, Sergio A. Kingston Univ. (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468949

In the wake of an increasing number of terrorist attacks, counter-terrorism measures are now a main focus of many research programmes. An important issue for the police is the ability to track individuals and groups reliably through underground stations, and in the case of post-event analysis, to be able to ascertain whether specific individuals have been at the station previously. While there exist many motion detection and tracking algorithms, the reliable deployment of them in a large network is still ongoing research. Specifically, to track individuals through multiple views, on multiple levels and between levels, consistent detection and labelling of individuals is crucial. In view of these issues, we have developed a change detection algorithm to work reliably in the presence of periodic movements, e.g. escalators and scrolling advertisements, as well as a content-based retrieval technique for identification. The change detection technique automatically extracts periodically varying elements in the scene using Fourier analysis, and constructs a Markov model for the process. Training is performed online, and no manual intervention is required, making this system suitable for deployment in large networks. Experiments on real data shows significant improvement over existing techniques. The content-based retrieval technique uses MPEG-7 descriptors to identify individuals. Given the environment under which the system operates, i.e. at relatively low resolution, this approach is suitable for short timescales. For longer timescales, other forms of identification such as gait, or if the resolution allows, face recognition, will be required.

关键词： Cameras Video Video surveillance Detection and tracking algorithms Calibration Process modeling RGB color model Data modeling Surveillance algorithm development

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Singular wavefront reconstruction with the tilts measured by Shack-Hartmann sensor - art. no. 63463J

Singular wavefront reconstruction with the tilts measured by...

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16th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers

作者： Aksenov, Valerii Izmallov, Igor Kanev, Feodor Starikov, Feodor Inst Atmospher Opt SB RAS Tomsk Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464309

In the present report the possibility of singular points detections using a Shack-Hartmann sensor is described and the precision of the developed detection algorithm is estimated. Also the algorithms of a singular wave front reconstruction are analyzed. Two algorithms are considered and their properties compared. One of them was developed by D. Fried, its description was found in literature. The second algorithm was developed by authors of the report. The both algorithms were introduced into the software of the sensor and insured satisfactory quality of singular phase reconstruction. The precision of algorithms compared in numerical investigations as well in real laboratory experiments.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Spiral phase plates Wavefront reconstruction Sensors Wavefronts Wavefront sensors Optical vortices Detection and tracking algorithms Singular optics

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Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam framework via virtual object reconstruction

Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam frame...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Nett, Brian E. Leng, Shuai Chen, Guang-Hong Univ Wisconsin Dept Med Phys 1530 Med Sci Ctr Madison WI 53704 USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Radiol Madison WI 53792 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466280

A framework for image reconstruction from planar tomosynthesis trajectories (i.e. all source positions reside in a single plane) is presented. The parallel beam geometry is a convenient starting point in deriving reconstruction algorithms, both analytic and iterative, as the relation between frequency space and image space is well known. We present a method for utilizing parallel beam reconstruction algorithms in an internally consistent manner. The concept of a virtual image object is utilized. This virtual image object has the property that cone-beam projections through the real object are directly related to parallel-beam projections of the virtual object. The virtual object may then be reconstructed using any algorithm derived for parallel beam projections. Finally, an affine transform may be applied to the virtual image object in order to generate the reconstruction result. In the implementation described here the backprojection operation is performed such that the real image object is reconstructed without introducing a rebinning in image space. Image reconstruction comparisons are given for a standard filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithm where parallel projections were assumed in the algorithm derivation. Numerical simulations were performed for a C-arm type geometry and parallel beam FBP reconstructions using the virtual object are compared with the standard backprojection algorithm.. Finally, a comparison was made between the new parallel beam reconstruction and the standard approximation where the cone-beams are assumed to be approximately parallel beams and a cone-beam backprojection is employed. A reduction in streaking artifacts was observed using the new algorithm compared with the standard approximation.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Sensors algorithm development Image filtering Optical spheres Detection and tracking algorithms Signal attenuation Data acquisition Image restoration Virtual reality

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