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Challenges in tissue characterization from backscattered intravascular ultrasound signals

Challenges in tissue characterization from backscattered int...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Katouzian, Amin Sathyanarayana, Shashidhar Li, Wenguang Thomas, Tom Carlier, Stephane G. Columbia Univ Dept Biomed Engn New York NY 10027 USA Columbia Univ Dept Med New York NY USA Boston Sci Inc Imaging Res & Dev Div Fremont CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466310

Plaque characterization through backscattered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) signal analysis has been the subject of extensive study for the past several years. A number of algorithms to analyze IVUS images and underlying RF signals to delineate the composition of atherosclerotic plaque have been reported. In this paper, we present several realistic challenges one faces throughout the process of developing such algorithms to characterize tissue type. The basic tenet of ultrasound tissue characterization is that different tissue types imprint their own "signature" on the backscattered echo returning to the transducer. Tissue characterization is possible to the extent that these echo signals can be received, the signatures read, and uniquely attributed to a tissue type. The principal difficulty in doing tissue characterization is that backscattered RF signals originating as echoes from different groups of cells of the same tissue type exhibit no obvious commonality in appearance in the time domain. This happens even in carefully controlled laboratory experiments. We describe the method of acquisition and digitization of ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signals from left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries. The challenge of obtaining corresponding histology images to match to specific regions-of-interest on the images is discussed. A tissue characterization technique based on seven features is compared to a full spectrum based approach. The same RF and histology data sets were used to evaluate the performances of these two techniques.

关键词： Tissues Intravascular ultrasound Arteries Ultrasonography In vivo imaging Detection and tracking algorithms In vitro testing algorithm development Databases Heart

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PET guidance for liver radiofrequency ablation: An evaluation

PET guidance for liver radiofrequency ablation: An evaluatio...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Lei, Peng Dandekar, Omkar Mahmoud, Faaiza Widlus, David Malloy, Patrick Shekhar, Raj Univ Maryland Dept Diagnost Radiol Baltimore MD 21201 USA Univ Maryland Fischell Dept Bioengn College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Dept Elect & Elect Engn College Pk MD 20742 USA VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst Baltimore MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466273

Radiotrequency ablation (RFA) is emerging as the primary mode of treatment of unresectable malignant liver tumors. With current intraoperative imaging modalities, quick, precise, and complete localization of lesions remains a challenge for liver RFA. Fusion of intraoperative CT and preoperative PET images, which relies on PET and CT registration, can produce a new image with complementary metabolic and anatomic data and thus greatly improve the targeting accuracy. Unlike neurological images, alignment of abdominal images by combined PET/CT scanner is prone to errors as a result of large nonrigid misalignment in abdominal images. Our use of a normalized mutual information-based 3D nonrigid registration technique has proven powerful for whole-body PET and CT registration. We demonstrate here that this technique is capable of acceptable abdominal PET and CT registration as well. In five clinical cases, both qualitative and quantitative validation showed that the registration is robust and accurate. Quantitative accuracy was evaluated by comparison between the result from the algorithm and clinical experts. The accuracy of registration is much less than the allowable margin in liver RFA. Study findings show the technique's potential to enable the augmentation of intraoperative CT with preoperative PET to reduce procedure time, avoid repeating procedures, provide clinicians with complementary functional/anatomic maps, avoid omitting dispersed small lesions, and improve the accuracy of tumor targeting in liver RFA.

关键词： Image registration Positron emission tomography Computed tomography Liver Radiofrequency ablation Image fusion Tumors Scanners algorithm development Tissues

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Real time PM10 concentration monitoring on Penang Bridge by using traffic monitoring CCTV

Real time PM10 concentration monitoring on Penang Bridge by ...

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Conference on Intelligent Computing - Theory and Applications V

作者： Low, K. L. Lim, H. S. MatJafri, M. Z. Abdullah, K. Wong, C. J. Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Phys Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466822

For this study, an algorithm was developed to determine concentration of particles less than 10 mu m (PM10) from still images captured by a CCTV camera on the Penang Bridge. The objective of this study is to remotely monitor the PM10 concentrations on the Penang Bridge through the internet. So, an algorithm was developed based on the relationship between the atmospheric reflectance and the corresponding air quality. By doing this, the still images were separated into three bands namely red green and blue and their digital number values were determined. A special transformation was then performed to the data. Ground PM10 measurements were taken by using DustTrak (TM) meter The algorithm was calibrated using a regression analysis. The proposed algorithm produced a high correlation coefficient (R) and low root-mean-square error (RMS) between the measured and produced PM10. Later, a program was written by using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to download still images from the camera over the internet and implement the newly developed algorithm. Meanwhile, the program is running in real time and the public will know the air pollution index from time to time. This indicates that the technique using the CCTV camera images can provide a useful tool for air quality studies.

关键词： Reflectivity algorithm development Bridges Cameras Atmospheric particles Content addressable memory Error analysis Atmospheric modeling Calibration Internet

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Embedded microcontroller networks: Acoustic materials health monitoring - art. no. 65301F

Embedded microcontroller networks: Acoustic materials health...

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Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007

作者： Rye, Patrick M. Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466518

Fiber reinforced polymer matrix (FRP) composites have a rich history of diagnosis and characterized using acoustic emissions techniques. The highly dispersive, attenuating, and anisotropic nature of unidirectional composites places an emphasis on high density local sensing as opposed to low density more-global sensing strategies. A high density of sensors naturally implies large quantities of data requiring large bandwidth and substantial processing power. By distributing processing with the sensors themselves results in a decreased demand for bandwidth and lower computational power needed at each node in what is now a parallel processing computer. Desired information, time constraints and mechanical considerations place both hard and soft constraints on our network helping to define its architecture. I will present investigated computing architectures and their benefits and limitations as they relate to the various constraints involved.

关键词： Composites Sensors Microcontrollers Network architectures Data communications Fiber reinforced polymers Acoustic emission algorithm development Computer networks Acoustics

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Fast processing of imaging spectrometer data cube based on FPGA design - art. no. 678708

Fast processing of imaging spectrometer data cube based on F...

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5th International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

作者： Luo, Yongdao Liao, Ningfang Wang, Xinquan Liang, Minyong Fen, Jie Yang, Ping Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat Sci & Technol Dept Opt Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469519

This paper presents a hardware-based implementation, which is specially designed for fast processing data cube of the novel imaging spectrometer, the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII). CTII is the combination of the conventional Fourier Transformation Imaging Spectrometer (FTIS) and the Computed-Tomography Imaging;Spectrometer (CTIS). CTII retains the advantages of both FTIS and CTIS such as high etendue, high spectral resolution. The price paid for above advantages is much enormous amounts of calculation compared with FTIS and CTIS. The CTII algorithm mainly includes two processing parts. One is Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) algorithm, the other is the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) algorithm. Since these two parts can be dealt separately, we introduced the pipeline processing technology. In this paper, we develop a hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm to improve its computational performance by resorting to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) reconfigurable boards. The;proposed FPGA design represents our first step toward the development of a system for onboard analysis of CTII hyperspectral imagery. The results we obtained demonstrate that the concept of the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII) is correct, and the hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm is high efficiency in processing CTII data cube.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Spectroscopy Data processing Convolution Interferometers Image processing algorithm development Spectral resolution Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral imaging

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Fast implementation of N-FINDR algorithm for endmember determination in hyperspectral imagery

Fast implementation of N-FINDR algorithm for endmember deter...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII

作者： Chowdhury, A. Alam, M. S. Univ S Alabama Dept Elect & Comp Engn Mobile AL 36688 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466877

Analysis of hyperspectral imagery requires the extraction of certain basis spectra called endmembers, which are assumed to be the pure signatures in the image data. N-FINDR algorithm developed by Winter [1] is one of the most widely used technique for endmember extraction. This algorithm is based on the fact that in L spectral dimensions, the L-dimensional volume contained by a simplex formed from the purest pixels is larger than any other volume formed from other combination of pixels. Recently proposed algorithm based on virtual dimensionality (VD) determines the number of endmembers present in the dataset, where an endmember initialization algorithm (EIA) is used to select an appropriate set of pixels for initializing the N-FINDR process. In this paper, we proposed a fast algorithm to implement the N-FINDR technique which has much better computational efficiency than the existing techniques. In the proposed technique, we used the VD to find the number of endmembers N. Then we reduced the dimensionality of the hyperspectral dataset to N-1 by using the principal component transformation (PCT) and divided all the pixels into N number of classes by using the spectral angle map (SAM). We extracted N number of the most pure pixels from each group by using the classical N-FINDR algorithm but with exhaustive search. Thus we get N-2 pixels that are most likely to be the actual endmembers. The classical N-FINDR algorithm is then again applied on these selected pixels to find the final N endmember. Grouping the pixels into several classes makes the computation very fast. Since we extracted N number of pixels from each group by exhaustive search, there is no possibility of loosing any endmember due to classification.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging algorithm development Computer simulations Data modeling Binary data Image analysis 3D modeling Computer engineering Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing

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Real time air quality monitoring by using internet video surveillance camera

Real time air quality monitoring by using internet video sur...

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Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI

作者： Wong, C. J. Lim, H. S. MatJafri, M. Z. Abdullah, K. Low, K. L. Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Phys Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466600

Nowadays internet video surveillance cameras are widely use in security monitoring. The quantities of installations of these cameras also become more and more. This paper reports that the internet video surveillance cameras can be applied as a remote sensor for monitoring the concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10), so that real time air quality can be monitored at multi location simultaneously. An algorithm was developed based on the regression analysis of relationship between the measured reflectance components from a surface material and the atmosphere. This algorithm converts multispectral image pixel values acquired from these cameras into quantitative values of the concentrations of PM10. These computed PM10 values were compared to other standard values measured by a DustTrak (TM) meter. The correlation results showed that the newly develop algorithm produced a high degree of accuracy as indicated by high correlation coefficient (R-2) and low root-mean-square-error (RMS) values. The preliminary results showed that the accuracy produced by this internet video surveillance camera is slightly better than that from the internet protocol (IP) camera. Basically the spatial resolution of images acquired by the IP camera was poorer compared to the internet video surveillance camera. This is because the images acquired by IP camera had been compressed and there was no compression for the images from the internet video surveillance camera.

关键词： IP cameras Cameras Internet Video surveillance Reflectivity algorithm development Image compression Error analysis Sensors Atmospheric particles

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Recent progress in neural network estimation of atmospheric profiles using microwave and hyperspectral infrared sounding data in the presence of clouds

Recent progress in neural network estimation of atmospheric ...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII

作者： Blackwell, William J. Chen, Frederick W. MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466877

Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of neural network estimation techniques for atmospheric profiling in partially cloudy atmospheres using combined microwave (MW) and hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounding data. In this paper, the global retrieval performance of the stochastic cloud-clearing / neural network (SCC/NN) method is examined using atmospheric fields provided by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and in situ measurements from the NOAA radiosonde database. Furthermore, the retrieval performance of the neural network method is compared with the AIRS Level 2 algorithm (Version 4). Comparisons of both forecast and radiosonde data indicate that the neural network retrieval performance is similar to or exceeds that of the AIRS Level 2 (version 4) profile products, substantially so in very cloudy areas. A novel statistical method for the global retrieval of atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles in cloudy conditions has been developed and evaluated with sounding data from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU). The present work focuses on the cloud impact on the AIRS radiances and explores the use of Stochastic Cloud Clearing (SCC) together with neural network estimation. A stand-alone statistical algorithm will be presented that operates directly on cloud-impacted AIRS/AMSU data, with no need for a physical cloud clearing process. The algorithm is implemented in three stages. First, the infrared radiance perturbations due to clouds are estimated and corrected by combined processing of the infrared and microwave data using the SCC method. The cloud clearing of the infrared radiances was performed using principal components analysis of infrared brightness temperature contrasts in adjacent fields of view and microwave-derived estimates of the infrared clear-column radiances to estimate and correct the radiance contamination introduced by clouds. Second, a Projected Prin

关键词： Clouds Neural networks Infrared radiation Microwave radiation Stochastic processes algorithm development Databases Evolutionary algorithms Sensors Temperature metrology

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Semiautomatic extraction of building information based on mathematical morphology

Semiautomatic extraction of building information based on ma...

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15th International Conference on Geoinformatics

作者： Liu, Huiping Wang, Yonggang Luan, Qingzu Beijing Normal Univ Sch Geog State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Res Ctr Remote Sensing Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469137

An increasing number of applications of automatic extraction of building information have been taken in, such as in city plan, city development, military affairs, national defense, and high resolution remote sensing imagery provides these applications with new data sources. Based on differential morphological profile (DMP) algorithm in mathematical morphology, we introduce and develop a set of accurate and automatic scheme for figure information extraction, combining with MHN filter algorithm, region marking algorithm, area threshold segmentation algorithm and so on. First, the Maximum Homogeneity Neighbour Filter Method (MHN) was used to improve the quality of the image. Then, the derivative of the opening profile from the DMP algorithm of variable step size was in use for extraction of buildings' figure. At last, area marking and area threshold segmentation algorithm were introduced for post processing. DMP algorithm in classic definition requires constant step operator with different radius for differential. This means extraction of regular figure of buildings will get good results, but buildings with more complex shapes of will lapse by DMP. Aimed at the characters in the test field, we adopted a variable step size. By changing the constant step size for differential, our method can effectively detect not only buildings with regular shape, but also buildings with complex shape. In the end, accuracy evaluation was carried out for the extraction results in the test field and the precision reached 79.6%.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing Image processing algorithms and systems algorithm development Digital filtering Image filtering Image enhancement Mathematical morphology Image quality Remote sensing

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Estimating entanglement through local correlations

Estimating entanglement through local correlations

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ICONO 2007 Conference

作者： Sainz, Isabel Kothe, Christian Bjork, Gunnar Royal Inst Technol KTH Sch Informat & Commun Technol SE-16440 Kista Sweden

A bipartite, arbitrary-dimensional entanglement measure based on local correlations of any set of generators of the corresponding algebras is proposed. An explicit relation with the I- and 3-concurrences for pure stat... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468833

关键词： Matrices Entangled states Quantum communications Bismuth Quantum information Composites Quantum cryptography algorithm development Particles Space operations

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