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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Comparison of Several Single and Multiple Instance Learning Methods for Detecting Buried Explosive Objects using GPR Data 23

Comparison of Several Single and Multiple Instance Learning ...

引用

Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XXIII

作者： Karem, Andrew Trabelsi, Mohamed Moalla, Mahdi Frigui, Hichem Univ Louisville Multimedia Res Lab CECS Dept Louisville KY 40292 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510617681

For the past 2 decades, detection of buried explosive hazard has been studied extensively and several machine learning algorithms have been developed and adapted to this application. First, a pre-screener is used to identify areas of interest or alarms. Each alarm consists of a 3D data cube that corresponds to spatial down-track, cross-track, and time respectively. Ground truth information is then used to label each alarm and generate labeled data to train a classifier to discriminate between targets and clutter objects. One of the main challenges in this approach is localizing the true depth of the alarm. On one hand, the buried object signature is not expected to cover all the depth values and extracting one global feature from all depth bins may not discriminate between object and clutter signatures effectively. On the other hand, depth ground truth is not available as this depends on the target type and size, soil properties, and other environmental conditions. Moreover, visually inspecting each alarm to select the optimal depth location is tedious, ambiguous, and not practical for very large training data. Two different approaches have been considered to train learning algorithms. The first one uses simple rules and machine learning algorithms to automate the selection of the optimal depth(s) for each alarm. The second approach avoids the labeling at the depth level and uses multiple instance learning (MIL) algorithms. In this context, each alarm is represented by a bag of multiple instances. Each instance corresponds to a feature extracted at a different depth. Since labels are needed at the bag level and not at the instance level, MIL does not require true depth information. In this paper, we propose a large-scale evaluation of the two approaches. For the first approach, we consider three methods to identify optimal depth locations and analyze their effect on the KNN and SVM classifiers. For the second approach, we consider four MIL algorithms that do not req

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Feature extraction Explosives Explosives detection algorithm development Antennas Data modeling Target detection

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High speed scanning: An improved algorithm

High speed scanning: An improved algorithm

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Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XIV - algorithms, Techniques, Active Vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Nachimuthu, A Hoang, K UNIV NEW S WALES SCH MECH & MFG ENGNSYDNEYNSW 2052AUSTRALIA

ISBN: (纸本)0819419524

In using machine vision for assessing an object's surface quality, many images are required to be processed in order to separate the good areas from the defective ones. Examples can be found in the leather hide grading process; in the inspection of garments/canvas on the production line; in the nesting of irregular shapes into a given surface... . The most common method of subtracting the total area from the sum of defective areas does not give an acceptable indication of how much of the `good' area can be used, particularly if the findings are to be used for the nesting of irregular shapes. This paper presents an image scanning technique which enables the estimation of useable areas within an inspected surface in terms of the user's definition, not the supplier's claims. That is, how much useable area the user can use, not the total good area as the supplier estimated. An important application of the developed technique is in the leather industry where the tanner (the supplier) and the footwear manufacturer (the user) are constantly locked in argument due to disputed quality standards of finished leather hide, which disrupts production schedules and wasted costs in re-grading, re- sorting... . The developed basic algorithm for area scanning of a digital image will be presented. The implementation of an improved scanning algorithm will be discussed in detail. The improved features include Boolean OR operations and many other innovative functions which aim at optimizing the scanning process in terms of computing time and the accurate estimation of useable areas.

关键词： Inspection Manufacturing Machine vision Image processing algorithm development Image resolution Image segmentation Statistical analysis Light sources and illumination Standards development

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Using source separation methods for end-member selection

Using source separation methods for end-member selection

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII

作者： Kuan, CY Healey, G Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect & Comp Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444758

We develop a method for automatic end-member selection in hyperspectral images. The method models a hyperspectral pixel as a linear mixture of an unknown number of materials. In contrast to many end-member selection methods, the new method selects end-members based on the statistics of large numbers of pixels rather than attempting to identify a small number of the purest pixels. The method is based on maximizing the independence of material abundances at each pixel. We show how independent component analysis algorithms can be adapted for use with this problem. We show properties of the method by application to synthetic hyperspectral data.

关键词： Independent component analysis Hyperspectral imaging algorithm development Computer engineering

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IMAGE ALGEBRA NETWORKS FOR PATTERN-CLASSIFICATION 5

IMAGE ALGEBRA NETWORKS FOR PATTERN-CLASSIFICATION

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Conference on Image Algebra and Morphological Image Processing V

作者： GADER, PD WON, YW KHABOU, MA UNIV MISSOURI DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNCOLUMBIAMO 65211

ISBN: (纸本)081941624X

A neural network structure that learns feature extraction and classification operations simultaneously is described. The feature extraction operations are represented using generalized image algebra operations. Learning rules are described. Linear operations and nonlinear, hit-or-miss operations are used to perform handwritten digit recognition.

关键词： Feature extraction Neural networks Image classification Binary data algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Electroluminescence Evolutionary algorithms Pattern recognition Structural design

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MPML-based error resilient wireless video transmission

MPML-based error resilient wireless video transmission

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Conference on Multimedia Systems and Applications VI

作者： Sun, XM Kuo, CCJ Univ So Calif Integrated Media Syst Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945124X

MPML is an XML-based MPEG video coding method that was proposed in our previous work. A comprehensive study on the tradeoff between the coding bit rates and the PSNR performance with MPML under the noisy channel environment is conducted in this research. The original MPML compression algorithm has been modified for partial protection to reduce the XML overhead. A scheme to realize partial MPML protection is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPML-based error resilient technique can achieve good performance for wireless video transmission.

关键词： Video Forward error correction Video coding Video compression Standards development Error analysis Mathematical modeling algorithm development Computer programming Statistical analysis

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CHANNEL NORMALIZATION USING POLE-FILTERED CEPSTRAL MEAN SUBTRACTION

CHANNEL NORMALIZATION USING POLE-FILTERED CEPSTRAL MEAN SUBT...

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Conference on Automatic Systems for the Identification and Inspection of Humans

作者： NAIK, DK MAMMONE, RJ RUTGERS STATE UNIV CTR CAIPPISCATAWAYNJ 08855

ISBN: (纸本)0819416010

In this paper, we introduce a new methodology called Pole Filtering to remove the residual effects of speech from the cepstral mean channel estimate, for extracting features robust to transmission channel degradations. The approach is based on filtering the eigenmodes of speech that are more susceptible to convolutional distortions caused by transmission channels. Poles and their corresponding eigenmodes for a frame of speech are investigated when there is a channel mismatch for speaker identification systems. Linear Predictive (LP) cepstra of speech has been found to be a useful feature set for recognition systems. The relation between the LP cepstral coefficients and eigenmodes of speech has been exploited to develop a robust feature set. In this paper an algorithm based on Pole-filtering has been developed to improve the cepstral features for channel normalization. Experiments are presented in speaker identification using speech in the TIMIT database processed through a telephone channel simulator and on the San Diego portion of the KING database. The technique is shown to offer improved recognition accuracy under cross channel scenarios when compared to conventional methods.

关键词： Electronic filtering Databases Curium algorithm development Optical filters Digital filtering System identification Deconvolution Detection and tracking algorithms Speaker recognition

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VERSATILE STEREOSCOPIC LINE-SCAN IMAGING-SYSTEMS

VERSATILE STEREOSCOPIC LINE-SCAN IMAGING-SYSTEMS

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Conference on Image Acquisition and Scientific Imaging Systems

作者： GODBER, SX PETTY, R ROBINSON, M EVANS, P NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIV DEPT ELECT & ELECTR ENGN3-D IMAGING & MACHINE VIS RES GRPNOTTINGHAM NG1 4BUENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819414689

This paper describes continuing work with both 2-D and 3-D line-scan vision systems using rotation of both the camera and of an object to produce 2-D images. A rotating line-scan camera arrangement has been used to produce images of an area surrounding the camera stage. Due to the nature of the movement parameter these images can be arranged to cover a variable field of view in the movement axis, i.e.: from as small as 5 degree(s) up to 360 degree(s). This same arrangement has been used to produce images of a rotating object allowing a single 2-D image to contain information from the front, back and both sides of the object of interest. This 2-D system is to be extended into a full stereoscopic line-scan vision system. This will enable an investigation into extracting 3-D coordinate information from both the rotating camera and the rotating object.

关键词： Line scan image sensors Cameras Sensors Televisions Imaging systems 3D image processing Standards development CCD image sensors algorithm development Image resolution

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THERMAL-DAMAGE QUANTIFICATION FROM TISSUE BIREFRINGENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS

THERMAL-DAMAGE QUANTIFICATION FROM TISSUE BIREFRINGENCE IMAG...

引用

CONF ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND BIOMEDICAL VISUALIZATION

作者： MCMURRAY, T HAN, A PEARCE, JA Univ. of Texas/Austin (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411388

Decreased collagen or cardiac muscle birefringence in transmission polarizing microscopy is an observable measure of damaged tissue concentration. Accordingly, monochrome images of thermally damaged tissue exhibiting decreased birefringence provide important information about the tissue thermal history, which is often extremely difficult to measure globally during an experiment. Thus, a damage quantification algorithm based on monochrome tissue images exhibiting decreased values corresponding to estimated temperature distributions. The algorithm consists of initially time-averaging several video frames of the microscopic tissue image to reduce additive noise components and an additional multiplicative correction for optical nonuniformities. Subsequently, morphological close-opening and mean filtering of the tissue image is performed using a unit gain arbitrarily-sized square template, followed by background subtraction and scaling, producing the components required for the damage computation according to the volume fraction kinetic damage model. The algorithm has been applied to tissue images derived from an experimental protocol generating approximately linear thermal gradients along the axis perpendicular to the tissue surface plane and constant temperatures in the plane parallel to the tissue surface. The resulting thermally exposed tissue specimens exhibit decreased birefringence in damaged regions which is quantified and delineated automatically by this algorithm. Give the damage value at a specified tissue position, the temperature was also estimated. These temperature estimates approximate finite difference method numerical models of the experiment.

关键词： Tissues Birefringence Natural surfaces Temperature metrology Thermal modeling Image transmission Tissue optics algorithm development Image analysis Image filtering

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Automatic machine learning based prediction of cardiovascular events in lung cancer screening data

Automatic machine learning based prediction of cardiovascula...

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Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) Conference at the SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium

作者： de Vos, Bob D. de Jong, Pim A. Wolterink, Jelmer M. Vliegenthart, Rosemarijn Wielingen, Geoffery V. F. Viergever, Max A. Isgum, Ivana Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Image Sci Inst Utrecht Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Dept Radiol Utrecht Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Radiol Groningen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415049

Calcium burden determined in CT images acquired in lung cancer screening is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events (CVEs). This study investigated whether subjects undergoing such screening who are at risk of a CVE can be identified using automatic image analysis and subject characteristics. Moreover, the study examined whether these individuals can be identified using solely image information, or if a combination of image and subject data is needed. A set of 3559 male subjects undergoing Dutch-Belgian lung cancer screening trial was included. Low-dose non-ECG synchronized chest CT images acquired at baseline were analyzed (1834 scanned in the University Medical Center Groningen, 1725 in the University Medical Center Utrecht). Aortic and coronary calcifications were identified using previously developed automatic algorithms. A set of features describing number, volume and size distribution of the detected calcifications was computed. Age of the participants was extracted from image headers. Features describing participants' smoking status, smoking history and past CVEs were obtained. CVEs that occurred within three years after the imaging were used as outcome. Support vector machine classification was performed employing different feature sets using sets of only image features, or a combination of image and subject related characteristics. Classification based solely on the image features resulted in the area under the ROC curve (A(z)) of 0.69. A combination of image and subject features resulted in an A(z) of 0.71. The results demonstrate that subjects undergoing lung cancer screening who are at risk of CVE can be identified using automatic image analysis. Adding subject information slightly improved the performance.

关键词： Calcium Lung cancer Image analysis Computed tomography Feature extraction Machine learning algorithm development Chest Pattern recognition Scanners

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Automatic clutter-free volume rendering for MR angiography using fuzzy connectedness

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Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing

作者： Udupa, JK Odhner, D Tian, J Holland, G Axel, L Univ. of Pennsylvania Medical Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

In MR and CT angiography, clutter due to artifacts or nearby high-intensity structures, such as other uninteresting vessels and bone (in CT), prevents clear visualization of the vessel under investigation. In this paper, we offer an alternative to the manual editing that is commonly used to remove clutter. The method is automatic and requires the user to point at structures on a 3D MIP display. The method utilizes recently developed fuzzy connected object delineation algorithms to extract the vessels of interest. Since the resulting definition is nonbinary, it can be displayed via MIP or more sophisticated volume rendering.

关键词： Angiography 3D displays Fuzzy logic 3D image processing Volume rendering algorithm development Bone Data acquisition Reflection Computed tomography

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