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Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII

作者： Ranney, Kenneth USA Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466754

Many automatic target detection (ATD) algorithm suites include a prescreener as an initial link in their processing chains. It assists the downstream algorithms by eliminating many potential false alarms while still retaining a large percentage of the objects of interest, thereby allowing for greater specialization by the downstream algorithms. Many such prescreeners have been implemented for individual sensors-for example the constant false alarm rate detectors of radar systems or the RX (Reed-Xiaoli) detection algorithms of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems. In this paper we examine straightforward methods for fusing the outputs from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and HSI prescreeners to create a multi-sensor prescreening algorithm. We begin by examining the sensor phenomenology for a specific operational scenario, and we incorporate this phenomenological information into both the individual sensor prescreener designs and the final fusion algorithm design. We describe how the SAR and HSI prescreener detects are associated with one another prior to fusion. Finally, we describe multiple fusion methodologies-namely a method based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and a method based on a Bayesian approach under an assumption of independence. We compare results from each fusion algorithm with those obtained using a single sensor.

关键词： Sensors Synthetic aperture radar Detection and tracking algorithms Data fusion Image sensors Target detection algorithm development Image processing Radar Land mines

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Adaptive constrained signal detector for hyperspectral images

Adaptive constrained signal detector for hyperspectral image...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII

作者： Johnson, Steven E. Eismann, Michael T. AF Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB OH USA Air Force Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466877

An algorithm called the constrained signal detector (CSD) was recently introduced for the purpose of target detection in hyperspectral images. The CSD assumes that hyperspectral pixels can be modeled as linear mixtures of material signatures and stochastic noise. In theory, the CSD is superior to the popular orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) technique. The CSD requires knowledge of the spectra of the background materials in a hyperspectral image. But in practice the background material spectra are often unknown due to uncertainties in illumination, atmospheric conditions, and the composition of the scene being imaged. In this paper, estimation techniques are used to create an adaptive version of the CSD. This adaptive algorithm uses training data to develop a description of the image background and adaptively implement the CSD. The adaptive CSD only requires knowledge of the target spectrum. It is shown through simulations that the adaptive CSD performs nearly as well as the CSD operating with complete knowledge of the background material spectra. The adaptive CSD is also tested using real hyperspectral image data and its performance is compared to OSP.

关键词： Signal detection Sensors Hyperspectral imaging Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral target detection Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Expectation maximization algorithms Reflectivity

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Optical correlator based pose estimation using a bank of filters and a pose search algorithm

Optical correlator based pose estimation using a bank of fil...

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVII

作者： Outerbridge, John Gregory, Don A. Univ Alabama Dept Phys Huntsville AL 35899 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466884

A pose search algorithm is used in conjunction with a bank of binary phase only filters (BPOF's) to determine the pose of a craft in a docking scenario. This approach is facilitated by the use of a high speed spatial light modulator (SLM) capable of operating at similar to 4 kHz integrated into a VanderLugt type optical correlator. The filters are generated using images created from a 3D model of a craft and 3D animation software. The pose estimation is calculated using a computer interfaced to the optical correlator via a Matlab developed algorithm that captures the image frame and performs a series of correlations from a subset of filters selected by the algorithm from the filter bank.

关键词： Image filtering Optical filters Optical correlators Spatial light modulators algorithm development Fourier transforms 3D modeling Image processing Phase only filters 3D image processing

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Multiple observer siting and path planning on a compressed terrain

Multiple observer siting and path planning on a compressed t...

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Conference on Advanced Signal Processing algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XVII

作者： Tracy, Daniel M. Franklin, Randolph Cutler, Barbara Andrade, Marcus Luk, Franklin T. Inanc, Metin Xie, Zhongyi Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Comp Sci Troy NY 12181 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12181 USA Univ Fed Vicosa Vicosa MG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468451

We examine a smugglers and border guards scenario. We place observers on a terrain so as to optimize their visible coverage area. Then we compute a path that a smuggler would take so as to avoid detection., while also minimizing the path length. We also examine how our results are affected by using a lossy representation of the terrain instead. We propose three new application-specific error metrics for evaluating terrain compression. Our target terrain applications are the optimal placement of observers on a landscape and the navigation through the terrain by smuglers. Instead of using standard metrics such as average or maximum elevation error, we seek to optimize our compression on the specific real-world application of smugglers and border guards.

关键词： Visibility Roads algorithm development Image compression Detection and tracking algorithms Image quality standards Cell phones Computer science Computing systems Systems engineering

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High-resolution foliage penetration with gimbaled lidar

High-resolution foliage penetration with gimbaled lidar

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Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII

作者： Roth, Michael W. Hunnell, Jason C. Murphy, Kevin E. Scheck, Andrew E. Johns Hopkins Univ Appl Phys Lab 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd Laurel MD 20723 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466723

Foliage penetration is a major application of airborne lidar systems. Typical ground resolutions achieved for floodplain-mapping applications are of the order of meters. Much higher a ground resolution can be achieved by integrating multiple looks from several look-angles. This paper describes a new system that can achieve very high ground sampling densities in forested environments at significant altitudes (6 kft) using a modified commercial lidar and a custom gimbal system. Absolute calibration of the gimbal system demonstrated pointing knowledge comparable to the usual aircraft-fixed lidar performance (0.1-0.2 mrad). Bare-earth processing of the resultant data enables interactive virtual deforestation relative to a high-resolution ground.

关键词： LIDAR Calibration algorithm development Control systems Analog electronics Computer aided design Global Positioning System Applied physics Imaging systems Navigation systems

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New benchmark for image segmentation evaluation

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第3期16卷 033011.1-033011.16页

作者： Ge, Feng Wang, Song Liu, Tiecheng Virginia Tech Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Univ S Carolina Dept Comp Sci & Engn Columbia SC 29208 USA

Image segmentation and its performance evaluation are very difficult but important problems in computer vision. A major challenge in segmentation evaluation comes from the fundamental conflict between generality and objectivity: For general-purpose segmentation, the ground truth and segmentation accuracy may not be well defined, while embedding the evaluation in a specific application, the evaluation results may not be extensible to other applications. We present a new benchmark to evaluate five different image segmentation methods according to their capability to separate a perceptually salient structure from the background with a relatively small number of segments. This way, we not only find a large variety of images that satisfy the requirement of good generality, but also construct ground-truth segmentations to achieve good objectivity. We also present a special strategy to address two important issues underlying this benchmark: (1) most image-segmentation methods are not developed to directly extract a single salient structure;(2) many real images have multiple salient structures. We apply this benchmark to evaluate and compare the performance of several state-of-the-art image segmentation methods, including the normalized-cut method, the watershed method, the efficient graph-based method, the mean-shift method, and the ratio-cut method. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image segmentation Databases Image processing algorithms and systems Gaussian filters algorithm development Computer vision technology Machine vision MATLAB Medical imaging Video surveillance

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Study of automatic optical inspection for golf logo quality

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第3期16卷 033016.1-033016.12页

作者： Lin, Ku Chin Kun Shan Univ Dept Engn Mech Yun Kung City Tainan County Taiwan

Currently, inspection of the quality of a golf logo requires much time and manpower. There is a demanding need to reduce the escape rate. We present a preliminary but innovative study on development of an automatic optical inspection (AOI) system for golf logo quality This study includes the development of algorithms for logo matching, logo degradation measure, and logo alignment Logo contour features and spatial layout are implemented in the developed matching algorithm. The feasibility of the algorithm is assured regardless of the large variation in logo orientation. The proposed degradation measure is based on local window masking and coding. It is capable of detecting logo contours with small extrusion or intrusion defects. A positioning mechanism is specifically designated for automatic logo alignment. Good logo alignment is achieved through a proposed sequential control of ball orientation to enhance the discriminating power of the proposed degradation measure. Experiments conducted support the applicability of this study. A given example shows that the escape rate vanishes, but the false-alarm rate is 1.23%. A good balance between the escape rate and the false-alarm rate is achieved based on experiences or more experiments. For practical implementation, parallel computing is suggested to reduce the overall processing time. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Inspection Optical inspection algorithm development Tolerancing Binary data Chemical elements Distortion Image segmentation Motion controllers Image retrieval

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Cost-based closed-contour representations

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第2期16卷 023009.1-023009.9页

作者： Sappa, Angel D. Vintimilla, Boris X. Comp Vis Ctr Barcelona 08193 Spain Escuela Super Politecn Litoral Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Vis & Robot Ctr Guayaquil 09015863 Ecuador

This paper presents an efficient technique for linking edge points in order to generate a closed-contour representation. It is based on the consecutive use of global and local schemes. In both cases it is assumed that the original intensity image, as well as its corresponding edge map, are given as inputs to the algorithm. The global scheme computes an initial representation by connecting edge points minimizing a global measure based on spatial information (3D space). It relies on the use of graph theory and exploits the edge points' distribution through the given edge map, as well as their corresponding intensity values. At the same time spurious edge points are removed by a morphological filter The local scheme finally generates closed contours, linking open boundaries, by using a local cost function that takes into account both spatial and topological information. Experimental results with different images, together with comparisons with a previous technique, are presented. (C) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing Image filtering Image processing algorithms and systems Sensors 3D image processing Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Edge detection Visualization

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High-quality display for small-size Chinese characters by grid-fitting rules

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第3期16卷 033002.1-033002.11页

作者： Chen, Thou-Ho Wang, Da-Jinn Chen, Tsong-Yi Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan

A grid-fitting method for Chinese fonts at a size smaller than 20 grid units to achieve a high-quality display is presented. The basic idea behind the proposed method is to adopt several grid-fitting rules with a gray-scaling strategy. The major procedures include supersampling, adjusting the position and width of strokes, gray-scale filtering, and subsampling. The experimental results show that the jagged edge induced by the coarse resolution can be removed and that the rendition of character details and the contrast are also improved, revealing that the character's clarity and smoothness can be enhanced for a higher legibility with comfortable reading. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Gaussian filters Visualization Information visualization Data processing Roads algorithm development Applied sciences Electronics engineering Linear filtering Optical resolution

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development of a field test environment for the validation of coastal remote sensing algorithms:: Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico

Development of a field test environment for the validation o...

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Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2006

作者： Goodman, James A. Velez-Reyes, Miguel Hunt, Shawn Armstrong, Roy Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez Ctr Subsurface Sensing & Imaging Syst POB 9048 Mayaguez PR 00681 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464554

Remote sensing is increasingly being used as a tool to quantitatively assess the location, distribution and relative health of coral reefs and other shallow aquatic ecosystems. As the use of this technology continues to grow and the analysis products become more sophisticated, there is an increasing need for comprehensive ground truth data as a means to assess the algorithms being developed. The University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPPM), one of the core partners in the NSF sponsored Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems (CenSSIS), is addressing this need through the development of a fully-characterized field test environment on Enrique Reef in southwestern Puerto Rico. This reef area contains a mixture of benthic habitats, including areas of seagrass, sand, algae and coral, and a range of water depths, from a shallow reef flat to a steeply sloping forereef. The objective behind the test environment is to collect multiple levels of image, field and laboratory data with which to validate physical models, inversion algorithms, feature extraction tools and classification methods for subsurface aquatic sensing. Data collected from Enrique Reef currently includes airborne, satellite and field-level hyperspectral and multispectral images, in situ spectral signatures, water bio-optical properties and information on habitat composition and benthic cover. We present a summary of the latest results from Enrique Reef, discuss our concept of an open testbed for the remote sensing community and solicit other users to utilize the data and participate in ongoing system development.

关键词： subsurface spectral analysis coastal algorithm development validation field test environment

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