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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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INSTANTANEOUS QUANTITIES AND UNCERTAINTY CONCEPTS FOR SIGNAL DEPENDENT TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

INSTANTANEOUS QUANTITIES AND UNCERTAINTY CONCEPTS FOR SIGNAL...

引用

CONF ON ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING algorithmS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS 2

作者： JONES, G BOASHASH, B Queensland Univ. of Technology (Australia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

This paper presents a review of some concepts associated with time-frequency distributions-- the instantaneous frequency, group delay, instantaneous bandwidth, and marginal properties-- and generalizes them in time-frequency via rotation of coordinates. This work emphasizes the need to examine time-frequency distributions in the general time-frequency plane, rather than restricting oneself to a time and/or frequency framework. This analysis leads to a generalized uncertainty principle, which has previously been introduced in radar theory. This uncertainty principle is invariant under rotation in the time-frequency plane, and should be used instead of the traditional definition of Gabor. It is desired to smooth a time-frequency distribution that is an energy density function into one that is an energy function. Most distributions are combinations of density and energy functions but the Wigner-Ville distribution is purely a density function. By using a local version of the generalized uncertainty principle, the Wigner- Ville distribution is smoothed into a signal dependent spectrogram using an iterative algorithm. It is believed that this procedure may represent, in some way an optimum removal of signal uncertainty in the time-frequency plane.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Smoothing Signal processing Radar signal processing Signal analyzers Fermium Frequency modulation algorithm development Radar Detection theory

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Clustered-Dot Halftoning with Direct Binary Search

Clustered-Dot Halftoning with Direct Binary Search

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Conference on Color Imaging XV - Displaying, Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications

作者： Gupta, Madhur Staelin, Carl Fischer, Mani Shacham, Omri Jodra, Rodolfo Allebach, Jan Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Hewlett Packard Lab Israel Tech City IL-32000 Haifa Israel Hewlett Packard Ltd IL-76101 Rehovot Israel Hewlett Packard Corp Boise ID 83714 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479211

Printers employing electrophotographic technology typically use clustered-dot screening to avoid potential artifacts caused due to unstable dot rendering. Periodic clustered-dot screens are quite smooth, but also suffer from periodic moire artifacts due to interference with other color channels. Stochastic, clustered-dot screens provide an alternative solution. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for stochastic, clustered-dot halftoning and screen design based on direct binary search. The method deviates from conventional DBS in its use of different filters in different phases of the algorithm. We provide an intuitive explanation for the clustering achieved as a result of this modification, and also discuss ways to control the coarseness of clusters. Due to the non-applicability of conventional screen design procedures to the new halftoning method, we propose a new method for screen design also. Results include images of individually designed constant-tone halftones and halftones of screened folded ramps.

关键词： Halftones Image filtering Stochastic processes Binary data Printing Linear filtering algorithm development Inkjet technology Diffusion Gaussian filters

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Symposium on Laser Technology IV - Research Trends, Instrumentation, and Applications in Metrology and Materials Processing

作者： SIKORSKI, Z MIL UNIV TECHNOL INST OPTOELECTRPL-01489 WARSAWPOLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819414999

Kinoform is a phase modulating computer-generated hologram. Most often, algorithms for nonparaxial kinoform synthesis use discrete propagation operators and solution is given in a discrete form. Kinoform is obtained by interpolation from these discrete samples in its plane. This paper gives the relationship between the continuous reconstruction of that kinoform and the discrete synthesis solution in the image plane. The relationship allows us to describe complex amplitude distribution in diffraction orders, predicts the possibility of speckle-like reconstruction, and is a basis for an efficient method of zero-order image calculation. Spatial frequency filtering properties of discrete algorithms are analyzed and criteria for algorithm sampling parameters are derived.

关键词： Computer generated holography Reconstruction algorithms Convolution Diffraction Sensors Spatial frequencies algorithm development Fourier transforms 3D image reconstruction Free space

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SPACE-VARIANT POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION DECONVOLUTION OF HUBBLE IMAGERY USING THE CONNECTION MACHINE 2

SPACE-VARIANT POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION DECONVOLUTION OF HUBBLE ...

引用

Conference on Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis II

作者： COBB, ML HERTZ, PL WHALEY, RO HOFFMAN, EA USN WASHINGTONDC 20375

ISBN: (纸本)0819412783

The spherical aberration errors which are present in the Hubble Space Telescope optical system produce a space variant point spread function where only 20% of the photons are concentrated in an area corresponding to the diffraction limit of the telescope. Deconvolution techniques can be used to concentrate the remaining 80% of the photons into the Airy core of the images thus restoring diffraction limited performance. Since the point spread function is space variant the normal Fourier transform convolution techniques are difficult to implement. We have developed an image space based convolution routine on the Connection Machine which can be used with a variety of deconvolution algorithms. The space variant point spread function is approximated by assuming isoplanatic patches in the image which can vary in size from 2 X 2 to 32 X 32 pixels. We present timing examples of two popular deconvolution techniques: the Maximum Entropy Method and the Richardson-Lucy method. Thirty iterations of either algorithm on a 512 X 512 image using 256 different point spread functions is accomplished in 90 seconds.

关键词： Point spread functions Deconvolution Convolution Microelectromechanical systems algorithm development Hubble Space Telescope Saturn Space telescopes Diffraction Image processing

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CORNER DETECTION FOR CHAIN CODED CURVES

CORNER DETECTION FOR CHAIN CODED CURVES

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CONF ON VISION GEOMETRY

作者： KOPLOWITZ, J PLANTE, S Clarkson Univ. (United States) TRW Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819410330

A corner detection scheme for chain coded curves is proposed that significantly improves on the performance of current algorithms. The proposed scheme measures the number of links to either side of a point that can produce the largest digital straight line. That value is used as an indication of curvature at that point with very high curvature being indicative of a corner. A modification of the proposed algorithm can further reduce the false detection rate with virtually no affect on the number of corners missed by omitting certain patterns that can arise from contours with arbitrarily small curvature.

关键词： Corner detection Detection and tracking algorithms Image segmentation Vision geometry algorithm development Composites Digital imaging Electrochemical etching Image processing algorithms and systems Sensors

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AUTOMATED DIGITAL MOTION-VIDEO ABSTRACTION - A FUZZY MEASURE APPROACH

AUTOMATED DIGITAL MOTION-VIDEO ABSTRACTION - A FUZZY MEASURE...

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11TH CONF ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION : BIOLOGICAL, NEURAL NET, AND 3-D METHODS

作者： LEIGH, AB PAL, SK McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co. and NASA Johnson Space Ctr. (United States) Indian Statistical Institute and NASA Johnson Space Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

This paper addresses a solution to the problem of scene estimation of motion video data in the fuzzy set theoretic framework. Using fuzzy image feature extractors, a new algorithm is developed to compute the change of information in each of two successive frames to classify scenes. This classification process of raw input visual data can be used to establish structure for correlation. The algorithm attempts to fulfill the need for non-linear, frame-accurate access to video data for applications such as video editing and visual document archival/retrieval systems in multimedia environments.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Video algorithm development Visualization Motion estimation Multimedia

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DECONVOLUTION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETRY DATA

DECONVOLUTION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMET...

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Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research Conference

作者： KERR, RB NOTO, J JACKSON, JM BOSTON UNIV CTR SPACE PHYSBOSTONMA 02215

ISBN: (纸本)0819415902

Spectral line profiles from light, atomic gases in upper planetary atmospheres are commonly non-Maxwellian. The velocity distributions of these light gases are perturbed in complex ways by atmospheric escape processes, by the paucity of thermalizing collisions, and by infrequent but important collisions with hot ions in the plasmasphere. It has long been recognized that the velocity distributions can be used to unfold the physical processes leading to atmospheric escape and to the partitioning of neutral gas trajectory classifications (ballistic, escaping, or satellite). Unfortunately, isolation of the velocity distribution from the measured emission line profile is not a simple matter, especially when neither of the velocity distributions are non- Maxwellian and when the instrument function used to measure the profile is also a complex function. We have experimented with several techniques to accurately retrieve the velocity distribution of atomic hydrogen in the earth's exosphere from the hydrogen Balmer-alpha (H_(alpha )) emission line profile measured with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Although the derived velocity distribution remains subject to contamination of the measured emission by extraterrestrial and terrestrial sources, the technique to decompose the actual emission function from the combined instrument function plus emission function is established in this work -- and is applicable to many other similar problems. In particular, two techniques are compared. First, a classical deconvolution technique is developed using objective, low-pass filtering. Second, a nonlinear deconvolution algorithm, commonly referred to as `CLEAN' by the radio astronomy community that developed it, is applied to the optical H_(alpha ) spectra. We find that this second technique is useful for an accurate isolation of the velocity distribution of atomic hydrogen in earth's exosphere, while the classical deconvolution is more useful for determining the full wi

关键词： Deconvolution Hydrogen Fabry–Perot interferometers Linear filtering algorithm development Contamination Atmospheric physics Convolution Signal to noise ratio Laser stabilization

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Comparison of registration techniques for speckle suppression in 2D LADAR image sequences

Comparison of registration techniques for speckle suppressio...

引用

Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII

作者： MacDonald, MA Armstrong, E Cain, S Cain, A USAF Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454966

Registration of individual images remains a significant problem in the generation of accurate images collected using coherent imaging systems. An investigation of the performance of eight distinct image registration algorithms was conducted using data collected from a coherent optical imaging system developed by the Air Force Research Laboratories, Sensors Division, ARFL/SNJT. A total of 400 images of three distinct scenes were collected by SRJT and made available to the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) for this study. Scenery was collected at 3 and 10 kilometers of wheeled vehicles supporting resolution and uniform target boards. The algorithms under study were developed by scientists and engineers at AFRL, and had varying levels of performance in terms of image miss-registration and execution time. These eight algorithms were implemented on a general-purpose computer running the MATLAB simulation environment. The algorithms compared included: block-match, cross-correlation, cross-search, directional-search, gradient-based, hierarchical-block, three-step, and vector-block methods. It was found that the cross-correlation, gradient-based and vector-block search techniques typically had the lowest error metric. The vector-block and cross-correlation methods proved to have the fastest execution times, while not suffering significant error degradation when estimating the registration shift of the test images.

关键词： Image registration algorithm development Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Imaging systems Coherence imaging Speckle Image restoration Computer simulations LIDAR

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NEW TRENDS IN MORPHOLOGICAL algorithmS

NEW TRENDS IN MORPHOLOGICAL ALGORITHMS

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CONF ON NONLINEAR IMAGE PROCESSING 2

作者： VINCENT, L Harvard Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819405507

This paper describes some of the most recent algorithmic techniques of mathematical morphology. The classical parallel and sequential methods mostly involve numerous scannings of all the image pixels and are thus inefficient on conventional computers. To get rid of this drawback, the key idea is to consider, at each step, only the pixels whose value may be modified. Two classes of algorithms rely on this principle: the first one realizes an encoding of the object boundaries as loops which are then propagated in the image. The second one embraces the algorithms based on breadth- first image scanning enabled by queues of pixels. The algorithms belonging to these two families are extremely efficient and particularly suited to nonspecialized equipments, since they require random access to the pixels. Moreover, the 'customized' image scannings they are based on allow one to develop more accurate and flexible procedures: for example algorithms for computing exact Euclidean distance functions have been derived from the first class. On the other hand, the queue-based algorithms work in any kind of grid, in the Euclidean and geodesic cases, and extend to any dimension and even to graphs.

关键词： algorithm development Binary data Nonlinear image processing Reconstruction algorithms Computing systems Computer programming Image analysis Mathematical morphology Detection and tracking algorithms Video

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A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the coverage problem for submersible sensors

A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the cover...

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Conference on Unattended/Unmanned Ground, Ocean and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VI

作者： Tillett, J Rao, R Sahin, F Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453404

Untethered, underwater sensors, deployed for event detection and tracking and operating in an autonomous mode will be required to self-assemble into a configuration, which optimizes their coverage, effectively minimizing the probability that an event in the target area goes undetected. This organized, cooperative, and autonomous, spreading-out of the sensors is complicated due to sensors localized communication. A given sensor will not in general have position and velocity information for all sensors, but only for those in its communication area. A possible approach to this problem, motivated by an evolutionary optimization technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed and extended in a novel way. A distributed version of PSO is developed. A distributed version of PSO is explored using experimental fitness to address the coverage problem in a two dimensional area.

关键词： Particles Particle swarm optimization Sensors algorithm development Monte Carlo methods Control systems Evolutionary optimization Nickel Submerged target detection Target detection

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