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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Streamline: A scheduling heuristic for streaming applications on the grid

Streamline: A scheduling heuristic for streaming application...

引用

Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006

作者： Agarwalla, B Ahmed, N Hilley, D Ramachandran, U Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp 801 Atlantic Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461113

Scheduling a streaming application on high-performance computing (HPC) resources has to be sensitive to the computation and communication needs of each stage of the application dataflow graph to ensure QoS criteria such as latency and throughput. Since the grid has evolved out of traditional high-performance computing, the tools available for scheduling are more appropriate for batch-oriented applications. Our scheduler, called Streamline, considers the dynamic nature of the grid and runs periodically to adapt scheduling decisions using application requirements (per-stage computation and communication needs), application constraints (such as co-location of stages), and resource availability. The performance of Streamline is compared with an Optimal placement, Simulated Annealing (SA) approximations, and E-Condor, a streaming grid scheduler built using Condor. For kernels of streaming applications, we show that Streamline performs close to the Optimal and SA algorithms, and an order of magnitude better than E-Condor under non-uniform load conditions. We also conduct scalability studies showing the advantage of Streamline over other approaches.

关键词： algorithms Data processing Data communications Data modeling Annealing Detection and tracking algorithms Surveillance algorithm development Computing systems Computer architecture

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Signal processing algorithms for staring single pixel hyperspectral sensors

Signal processing algorithms for staring single pixel hypers...

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Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XI

作者： Manolakis, Dimitris Rossacci, Michael O'Donnell, Erin D'Amico, Francis M. MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02420 USA US Army Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463817

Remote sensing of chemical warfare agents (CWA) with stand-off hyperspectral sensors has a wide range of civilian and military applications. These sensors exploit the spectral changes in the ambient photon flux produced thermal emission or absorption after passage through a region containing the CWA cloud. In this work we focus on (a) staring single-pixel sensors that sample their field of view at regular intervals of time to produce a time series of spectra and (b) scanning single or multiple pixel sensors that sample their FOV as they scan. The main objective of signal processing algorithms is to determine if and when a CWA enters the FOV of the sensor. We shall first develop and evaluate algorithms for staring sensors following two different approaches. First, we will assume that no threat information is available and we design an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm to detect a statistically-significant change in the observed spectrum. The algorithm processes the observed spectra sequentially-in-time, estimates adaptively the background, and checks whether the next spectrum differs significantly from the background based on the Mahalanobis distance or the distance from the background subspace. In the second approach, we will assume that we know the spectral signature of the CWA and develop sequential-in-time adaptive matched filter detectors. In both cases, we assume that the sensor starts its operation before the release of the CWA;otherwise, staring at a nearby CWA-free area is required for background estimation. Experimental evaluation and comparison of the proposed algorithms is accomplished using data from a long-wave infrared (LWIR) Fourier transform spectrometer.

关键词： Sensors Clouds Detection and tracking algorithms Long wavelength infrared Signal processing algorithm development Infrared spectroscopy Signal detection Signal to noise ratio

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Measuring the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse at the noise floor

Measuring the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse at the nois...

引用

8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications

作者： Bender, DA Hasselbeck, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Univ New Mexico Dept Phys & Astron Opt Sci & Engn Program Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461431

We extract the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse accurately in real-time using a simple modified auto-interferometric correlation (MOSAIC) technique. Through the use of our newly developed time-domain algorithm, chirp information is accessible with signal-to-noise levels approaching unity. Correction algorithms have been developed to accommodate signal distortions due to bandwidth limitations, autocorrelator misalignment, and non-quadratic detector response.

关键词： algorithm development Sensors Signal to noise ratio Ultrafast phenomena Detection and tracking algorithms Interferometers Light emitting diodes Sapphire lasers Signal detection Interference (communication)

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An iterative, wavelet-based deconvolution algorithm for the restoration of ultrasound images in an EM framework

An iterative, wavelet-based deconvolution algorithm for the ...

引用

Medical Imaging 2006 Conference

作者： Ng, J. K. H. Prager, R. W. Kingsbury, N. G. Treece, G. M. Gee, A. H. Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Trumpington St Cambridge CB2 1PZ England

ISBN: (纸本)0819461903

The quality of medical ultrasound images is limited by inherent poor resolution due to the finite temporal bandwidth of the acoustic pulse and the non-negligible width of the system point-spread function. One of the major difficulties in designing a practical and effective restoration algorithm is to develop a model for the tissue reflectivity that can adequately capture significant image features without being computationally prohibitive. The reflectivities of biological tissues do not exhibit the piecewise smooth characteristics of natural images considered in the standard image processing literature;while the macroscopic variations in echogenicity are indeed piecewise smooth, the presence of sub-wavelength scatterers adds a pseudo-random component at the microscopic level. This observation leads us to propose modelling the tissue reflectivity as the product of a piecewise smooth echogenicity map and a unit-variance random field. The chief advantage of such an explicit representation is that it allows us to exploit representations for piecewise smooth functions (such as wavelet bases) in modelling variations in echogenicity without neglecting the microscopic pseudo-random detail. As an example of how this multiplicative model may be exploited, we propose an expectation-maximisation (EM) restoration algorithm that alternates between inverse filtering (to estimate the tissue reflectivity) and logarithmic wavelet denoising (to estimate the echogenicity map). We provide simulation and in vitro results to demonstrate that our proposed algorithm yields solutions that enjoy higher resolution, better contrast and greater fidelity to the tissue reflectivity compared with the current state-of-the-art in ultrasound image restoration.

关键词： Expectation maximization algorithms Reflectivity Tissues Ultrasonography Deconvolution algorithm development Image resolution Medical imaging Modeling Wavelets

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Using spatial filtering to improve spectral distribution invariants

Using spatial filtering to improve spectral distribution inv...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII

作者： Kuan, Chia-Yun Healey, Glenn Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462896

We use physical considerations to show that an affine transformation can be used to model the effect of environmental changes on hyperspectral image distributions. This allows the generation of a vector of moment invariants that describes an image distribution but does not depend on the environmental conditions. These vectors maintain the invariant property after each image band is spatially filtered which allows the representation to capture spatial properties. We use the distribution invariants and the Fisher discriminant to reduce the size of the representation by selecting optimized spectral bands. We apply the methods developed in this work to the illumination-invariant classification and recognition of regions in airborne images. We also show that the distribution transformation model can be used for change detection in regions viewed under unknown conditions.

关键词： Image filtering Databases Hyperspectral imaging Spatial filters Image classification Detection and tracking algorithms Digital imaging Reflectivity Remote sensing algorithm development

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FAST copper for broadband access

FAST copper for broadband access

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Conference on Broadband Access Communication Technologies

作者： Chiang, Mung Huang, Jianwei Cendrillon, Raphael Tan, Chee Wei Xu, Dahai Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA Marvell Semiconduct Hamilton NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464880

FAST Copper is a multi-year, U.S. NSF funded project that started in 2004, and is jointly pursued by the research groups of Mung Chiang at Princeton University, John Cioffi at Stanford University, and Alexader Fraser at Fraser Research Lab, and in collaboration with several industrial partners including AT&T. The goal of the FAST Copper Project is to provide ubiquitous, 100 Mbps, fiber/DSL broadband access to everyone in the U.S. with a phone line. This goal will be achieved through two threads of research: dynamic and joint optimization of resources in Frequency, Amplitude, Space, and Time (thus the name 'FAST') to overcome the attenuation and crosstalk bottlenecks, and the integration of communication, networking, computation, modeling, and distributed information management and control for the multi-user twisted pair network.

关键词： Copper Statistical multiplexing Multimedia algorithm development Stochastic processes Broadband telecommunications Optimization (mathematics) Video Network architectures Signal attenuation

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Phase closure and object reconstruction algorithm for Fourier Telescopy applied to fast-moving targets

Phase closure and object reconstruction algorithm for Fourie...

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Conference on Unconventional Imaging II

作者： Spivey, Brett Stapp, James Sandler, David Quexta Carlsbad CA 92009 USA Trex Enterprises Corp Albuquerque NM 87101 USA Trex Enterprises Corp San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463868

Fourier Telescopy (FT) is an active imaging method which interferes spatially diverse, frequency-encoded laser beams on a distant target, and records a time history of the reflected intensity measured by a single photodetector on a large receiver. FT has been studied extensively for imaging Geostationary objects, using high-energy pulsed lasers to project triplets of laser beams, by gradually stepping over time through the multitude of u,v-plane baselines required for accurate object reconstruction. Phase closure among the received triplets plays a key role in canceling out random atmospheric phase errors between laser beams. A new method has been devised to apply FT to rapidly moving targets, such as LEO space objects. In order to implement the thousands of baselines in a short engagement time, approximately 20 continuous-wave laser beams are simultaneously broadcast, and the baseline configurations are rapidly changed through a dynamic optical element. In order to eliminate unknown atmospheric errors, a new type of global phase closure has been developed, which allows image reconstruction from the time history of measured total reflected intensity, originating from the complex 20-beam interference patterns. In this paper, we summarize the new FT LEO method, and give a detailed derivation of the phase closure and image reconstruction algorithms that will lead to ultra-high resolution images of fast-moving space objects.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Transmitters Spatial frequencies Fourier transforms Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Telescopes Phase shifts Image restoration Receivers

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High resolution anisoplanatic imaging from an airborne platform

High resolution anisoplanatic imaging from an airborne platf...

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Conference on Unconventional Imaging II

作者： Dayton, David Gonglewski, John Appl Technol Assoc 1300 Britt SE Albuquerque NM 87123 USA US Air Force Res Lab Kirtland AFB NM 87117 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463868

Unconventional computer aided imaging approaches, such as bi-spectrum or multi-frame blind deconvolution, have been used for some time to obtain high resolution images of space based objects from the ground. This "looking up" imaging scenario is characterized by r0 diameters usually much smaller than the telescope aperture, and isoplanatic angles on the same order as the object under observation. Air to ground imaging on the other hand, is often characterized by relatively large r0 values usually about the same size of the imaging aperture, but very small isoplanatic angles. In such a case, where the scene covers many isoplanatic patches, it has been shown that improvements in image quality can be obtained by dividing the field of view into sub-regions and applying processing algorithms to each sub-region. Because r0 is roughly the diameter of the aperture, the primary aberration over a sub-region is tip-tilt. Block matching algorithms that correct only the local tip-tilt over the sub-regions have been developed to run in near real time. Correcting higher order local aberrations, using a blind deconvolution algorithm, can lead to improved results but requires increased computation. In this presentation we seek to compare air-to-ground imagery with different levels of processing;first global tip-tilt only correction;second local tip-tilt correction;and finally local tip-tilt plus high order correction. The goal is to determine if the increased detail obtained at each step is worth in increased processing complexity.

关键词： Deconvolution algorithm development Image processing Point spread functions Detection and tracking algorithms Image resolution Space telescopes Optimization (mathematics) Telescopes Analytical research

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Bit-plane based analysis of integer wavelet coefficients for image compression - art. no. 60600D

Bit-plane based analysis of integer wavelet coefficients for...

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Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2006

作者： Abu-Hajar, Ahmed Digitavid San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461008

This paper presents bit-plane based statistical study for integer wavelet transforms commonly used in image compression. In each bit-plane, the coefficients were modeled as binary random variables. Experimental results indicate the probability of the significant coefficients (P-1), in each bit-plane, monotonically increases from P-1 approximate to 0 at the most significant bits (MSB) to p(1) approximate to 0.5 at the least significant bits (LSB). Then, a parameterized model to predict p(1) from the MSB to the LSB was proposed. Also, the correlation among the different bit-planes within the same coefficient was investigated. In addition, this study showed correlation of the significant coefficients in the same spatial orientation among different subbands. Finally, clustering within the each subband and across the different subband with the same spatial orientation was investigated. Our results show strong correlation of previously coded significant coefficients at higher levels and the significant coefficients in future passes at lower levels. The overall study of this paper is useful in understanding and enhancing existing wavelet-based image compression algorithms such as SPIHT and EBC.

关键词： Wavelets Image compression Binary data Bismuth Statistical analysis JPEG2000 Image enhancement Wavelet transforms algorithm development Statistical modeling

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Efficient rate-distortion optimized media streaming for tree-reducible packet dependencies

Efficient rate-distortion optimized media streaming for tree...

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Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006

作者： Röder, M Cardinal, J Hamzaoui, R Univ Konstanz Dept Comp & Informat Sci D-7750 Constance Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819461113

In packetized media streaming systems, packet dependencies are often modeled as a directed acyclic graph called the dependency graph. We consider the situation where the dependency graph is reducible to a tree. This occurs, for instance, in MPEG1 video streams that are packetized at the frame level. Other video coding standards such as H.264 also allow tree-reducible dependencies. We propose in this context efficient dynamic programming algorithms for finding rate-distortion optimal transmission policies. The proposed algorithms are much faster than previous exact algorithms developed for arbitrary dependency graphs.

关键词： Computer programming Distortion Video algorithm development Multimedia Systems modeling Video coding Receivers Reconstruction algorithms Computing systems

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