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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Video Surveillance of Passengers with Mug Shots

Video Surveillance of Passengers with Mug Shots

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Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Neural Networks, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering VIII

作者： Hsu, Ming Kai Lee, Ting N. Szu, Harold GWU Dept ECE Washington DC 22002 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481672

Transportation security personnel rely on facial photos or "mug-shots" to spot persons of interest within crowds. Passing through a security check point, video displays and printouts of mug-shots are usually low-resolution and in a fixed facial pose. Thus, a database-cuing Aided-Target Recognition, (AiTR) video surveillance system is recommended for prompting the inspector to take a closer look at a specific passenger walking down the corridor. Taking advantage of commercially available Face Detection System on Chips (FD-SOC, 0.04sec/frame), we developed a fast self-reference algorithm to sort facial poses among passengers. We can increase the overlapping POFs (pixels on faces) in matching facial shots at an arbitrary pose, with real-time sorted facial poses. Lemma: Based on the human walking physiology along a corridor, a long time average of frames called the long exposure produces the front view with respect to the camera, while the short exposure is a single facial pose. Then, the fiduciary triangle is defined among two eyes and nose-tip of the frontal normal view which may and may not be a right triangle. Theorem Self-Reference Matched Filtering (Szu et al. Opt Comm. 1980;JOSA, 1982) applied to the Facial-Pose problem. If we replace the desirable estimated output of Weiner filter as the long exposure, then the filter can select a short exposure as the normal frontal view. Corollary: Given a short exposure as normal frontal view, the fiduciary triangle can decide all poses. We explain a divide and conquer search algorithm as follows: The algorithm in the first pass through the batch of boxes to estimate the middle frontal pose view by a uniform average through the collection of boxes of faces given by the FD-SOC by the Lemma is the front view w.r.t. the camera. The algorithm applies the long term average to find it's nearest neighboring views. If it happens to be only two, then the algorithm proceeds with these two views, it finds their nearest neighbors. There

关键词： Video Facial recognition systems Video surveillance Cameras Image resolution Inspection Databases Filtering (signal processing) algorithm development Photography

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Feature based registration of fluorescent LSCM imagery using region centroids

Feature based registration of fluorescent LSCM imagery using...

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Medical Imaging 2005 Conference

作者： Lee, SC Bajcsy, P Univ Illinois Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457213

We present a novel semi-automated registration technique for 3D volume reconstruction from fluorescent laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) imagery. The developed registration procedure consists of (1) highlighting segmented regions as salient feature candidates, (2) defining two region correspondences by a user, (3) computing a pair of region centroids, as control points for registration, and (4) transforming images according to estimated transformation parameters determined by solving a set of linear equations with input control points. The presented semi-automated method is designed based on our observations that (a) an accurate point selection is much harder for a human than an accurate region (segment) selection, (b) a centroid selection of any region is less accurate by a human than by a computer, and (c) registration based on structural shape of a region rather than on intensity-defined point is more robust to noise and to morphological deformation of features across stacks. We applied the method to image mosaicking and image alignment registration steps and evaluated its performance with 20 human subjects on LSCM images with stained blood vessels. Our experimental evaluation showed significant benefits of automation for 3D volume reconstruction in terms of achieved accuracy, consistency of results and performance time. In addition, the results indicate that the differences between registration accuracy obtained by experts and by novices disappear with an advanced automation while the absolute registration accuracy increases.

关键词： Image registration Human subjects 3D image processing Tissues 3D modeling Image segmentation algorithm development Confocal microscopy 3D image reconstruction Software development

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Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam framework via virtual object reconstruction

Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam frame...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Nett, Brian E. Leng, Shuai Chen, Guang-Hong Univ Wisconsin Dept Med Phys 1530 Med Sci Ctr Madison WI 53704 USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Radiol Madison WI 53792 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466280

A framework for image reconstruction from planar tomosynthesis trajectories (i.e. all source positions reside in a single plane) is presented. The parallel beam geometry is a convenient starting point in deriving reconstruction algorithms, both analytic and iterative, as the relation between frequency space and image space is well known. We present a method for utilizing parallel beam reconstruction algorithms in an internally consistent manner. The concept of a virtual image object is utilized. This virtual image object has the property that cone-beam projections through the real object are directly related to parallel-beam projections of the virtual object. The virtual object may then be reconstructed using any algorithm derived for parallel beam projections. Finally, an affine transform may be applied to the virtual image object in order to generate the reconstruction result. In the implementation described here the backprojection operation is performed such that the real image object is reconstructed without introducing a rebinning in image space. Image reconstruction comparisons are given for a standard filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithm where parallel projections were assumed in the algorithm derivation. Numerical simulations were performed for a C-arm type geometry and parallel beam FBP reconstructions using the virtual object are compared with the standard backprojection algorithm.. Finally, a comparison was made between the new parallel beam reconstruction and the standard approximation where the cone-beams are assumed to be approximately parallel beams and a cone-beam backprojection is employed. A reduction in streaking artifacts was observed using the new algorithm compared with the standard approximation.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Sensors algorithm development Image filtering Optical spheres Detection and tracking algorithms Signal attenuation Data acquisition Image restoration Virtual reality

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PRINCIPLES OF THIN-FILM SYSTEM-DESIGN

PRINCIPLES OF THIN-FILM SYSTEM-DESIGN

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CONF ON THIN FILMS FOR OPTICAL SYSTEMS

作者： KAISER, H Univ. Potsdam (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819409618

System design is a method to realize system synthesis -- a special form of system identification -- that means, the determination of a system S corresponding to a given behavior. In synthesis this behavior is prescribed and S has to be constructed accordingly. The other form of identification is system recognition, where one has to find the structure of an existing system from a behavior given by measurements. In both cases the mathematical methods used won't differ essentially. For thin film systems the behavior is given by functions depending on the wavelength and/or the angle of incidence of a harmonic plane wave.

关键词： Thin films Refractive index System identification algorithm development Dielectrics Fourier transforms Wave propagation Reflection Software development Americium

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NEURAL-NETWORK SOLUTIONS TO LOGIC PROGRAMS WITH GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS 4

NEURAL-NETWORK SOLUTIONS TO LOGIC PROGRAMS WITH GEOMETRIC CO...

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4th International Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks

作者： PARIKH, JA WERKHEISER, A SUBRAHMANIAN, VS SO CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV DEPT COMP SCINEW HAVENCT 06515

ISBN: (纸本)0819412015

Hybrid knowledge bases (HKBs), proposed by Nerode and Subrahmanian, provide a uniform theoretical framework for dealing with the mixed data types and multiple reasoning modes required for solving logical deployment problems. algorithms based on mixed integer linear programming techniques have been developed for the syntactic subset of HKBs corresponding to function-free Prolog-like logic programs. In this study, we examine the ability of neural networks to solve a more comprehensive set of problems expressed within the hybrid knowledge base framework. The objective of this research is to design and implement a nonlinear optimization procedure for solving extended logic programs with neural networks. We focus upon two types of extensions which are typically required in the formulation of logical deployment problems. The first type of extension, which we shall refer to as a Type I extension, consists of embedding numerical and geometric constraints into logic programs. The second type of extension, which we shall call a Type II extension, consists of incorporating optimization problems into logic clauses.

关键词： Logic Neural networks Computer programming Artificial neural networks System identification algorithm development Optimization (mathematics) Head Computer programming languages Evolutionary algorithms

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UNCONSTRAINED SHAPE FROM SHADING 12

UNCONSTRAINED SHAPE FROM SHADING

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12TH CONF ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION : ACTIVE VISION AND 3D METHODS

作者： LEE, KM KUO, CCJ Univ. of Southern California (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819413216

Most conventional SFS (shape from shading) algorithms have been developed under three basic assumptions about surface properties and imaging geometry to simplify the problem. They are the Lambertian surface property, the orthographic projection, and the distant single light source. However, since these assumptions are not appropriate for many real applications, apparent distortions of reconstructed surfaces occur with conventional SFS algorithms. To obtain a more practically useful and accurate SFS algorithm, it is necessary to relax these restrictive assumptions and adopt more general conditions or models about the imaging process. In this research, we propose a new direct shape recovery algorithm from one or multiple shaded images generated by a general reflectance model which includes diffuse and specular effects, perspective projection, and a nearby point light source. The basic idea of our approach is to use a finite triangular surface model and express the image irradiance in terms of surface nodal depth variables through a linearized reflectance map under the perspective projection model. The object shape is recovered by determining all nodal depth variable through a cost minimization process.

关键词： Reflectivity Light sources Computer vision technology Machine vision Image processing Robot vision Robots algorithm development Image acquisition Reconstruction algorithms

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Fast Multi-Layered Prediction algorithm for Group of Pictures in H.264/SVC

Fast Multi-Layered Prediction Algorithm for Group of Picture...

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Conference on Real-Time Image and Video Processing 2011

作者： Abdelazim, Abdelrahman Mein, Stephen James Varley, Martin Roy Grecos, Christos Ait-Boudaoud, Djamel Univ Cent Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE Lancs England Univ West Scoatland Paisley Renfrew Scotland Univ Portsmouth Portsmouth Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484086

The objective of scalable video coding is to enable the generation of a unique bitstream that can adapt to various bit-rates, transmission channels and display capabilities. The scalability is categorised in terms of temporal, spatial, and quality. To improve encoding efficiency, the SVC scheme incorporates inter-layer prediction mechanisms which increases complexity of overall encoding. In this paper several conditional probabilities are established relating motion estimation characteristics and the mode distribution at different layers of the H.264/SVC. An evaluation of these probabilities is used to structure a low-complexity prediction algorithm for Group of Pictures (GOP) in H.264/SVC, reducing computational complexity whilst maintaining similar performance. When compared to the JSVM software, this algorithm achieves a significant reduction of encoding time, with a negligible average PSNR loss and bit-rate increase in temporal, spatial and SNR scalability. Experiments are conducted to provide a comparison between our method and a recently developed fast mode selection algorithm. These demonstrate our method achieves appreciable time savings for scalable spatial and scalable quality video coding, while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate.

关键词： Computer programming Scalable video coding Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Motion estimation Video Video coding Distortion Multilayers Temporal resolution

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A General Theory on First Passage Times with Applications to Adaptive Decision Making 21

A General Theory on First Passage Times with Applications to...

引用

Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XXI

作者： Chen, Xinjia Northwestern State Univ Louisiana Dept Engn Technol Natchitoches LA 71497 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510627086

ISBN: (纸本)9781510627086

Modern intelligent systems are expected to be able to learn from experience, making decisions on the basis of the available information and proceeding step by step to a desired goal. An important specification of such adaptive decision making method is the amount of time to accomplish a decision. In this paper, we propose a random walk model for such decision making method. The model involves random processes which have independent stationary increments. The decision times are formulated as first passage times dependent on the parameters of decision rules. Asymptotic and nonasymptotic results are developed for the analysis of first passage times.

关键词： Nickel Stochastic processes Intelligence systems Probability theory algorithm development Convex optimization Process modeling Machine learning Statistical inference Unmanned systems

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EVALUATION OF COASTAL ZONE COLOR SCANNER DIFFUSE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT algorithmS FOR APPLICATION TO COASTAL WATERS

EVALUATION OF COASTAL ZONE COLOR SCANNER DIFFUSE ATTENUATION...

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CONF ON OCEAN OPTICS 10

作者： MUELLER, JL TREES, CC ARNONE, RA San Diego State Univ. (United States) Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Lab (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403539

The Coastal Zone Color Scannez (ZCS) and associated atmospheric and in-water algorithms have allowed synoptic analyses of regional and large scale variability of bio-optical properties [phytoplankton pigments and diffuse auenuation coefficient K(490)}. Austin and Petzold (1981) developed a robust in-water K(490) algorithm which related the diffuse attenuation coefficient at one optical depth [1/K(490)] to the ratio of the water-leaving radiances at 443 and 550 nm. Their regression analysis included diffuse attenuation coefficients K(490) up to 0.40 nm, but excluded data from estuarine areas, and other Case II waters, where the optical properties are not predominantly determined by phytoplankton. In these areas, errors are induced in the retrieval of remote sensing K(490) by extremely low water-leaving radiance at 443 nm [L_w(443) as viewed at the sensor may only be 1 or 2 digital counts], and improved cury can be realized using algorithms based on wavelengths where L_w(λ) is larger. Using ocean optical profiles quired by the Visibility Laboratory, algorithms are developed to predict K(490) from ratios of water leaving radiances at 520 and 670, as well as 443 and 550 nm.

关键词： Ocean optics Signal attenuation algorithm development Data modeling Remote sensing Solids Atmospheric corrections Coastal modeling Radon Scanners

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Evolution of neural controllers for salamander-like locomotion

Evolution of neural controllers for salamander-like locomoti...

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Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems II Conference

作者： Ijspeert, AJ Univ So Calif Dept Comp Sci Los Angeles CA 90879 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819434329

This paper presents an experiment in which evolutionary algorithms are used for the development of neural controllers for salamander locomotion. The aim of the experiment is to investigate which kind of neural circuitry can produce the typical swimming and trotting gaits of the salamander, and to develop a synthetic approach to neurobiology by using genetic algorithms as design tool. A 2D bio-mechanical simulation of the salamander's body is developed whose muscle contraction is determined by the locomotion controller simulated as continuous-time neural networks. While the connectivity of the neural circuitry underlying locomotion in the salamander has not been decoded for the moment, the general organization of the designed neural circuits corresponds to that hypothesized by neurobiologists for the real animal. in particular, the locomotion controllers are based on a body central pattern generator (CPG) corresponding to a lamprey-like swimming controller as developed by Ekeberg,(1) and are extended with a limb CPG for controlling the salamander's body. A genetic algorithm is used to instantiate synaptic weights of the connections within the limb CPG and from the limb CPG to the body CPG given a high level description of the desired gaits. A set of biologically plausible controllers are thus developed which can produce a neural activity and locomotion gaits very similar to those observed in the real salamander. By simply varying the external excitation applied to the network, the speed, direction and type of gait can be varied.

关键词： Oscillators Gait analysis Device simulation Genetic algorithms Neurons algorithm development Neuroscience Evolutionary algorithms Neural networks Systems modeling

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