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From Retinex to Automatic Color Equalization: issues in developing a new algorithm for unsupervised color equalization

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2004年第1期13卷 75-84页

作者： Rizzi, A Gatta, C Marini, D Univ Milan Dept Informat Technol I-26013 Crema Italy Univ Milan Dept Sci Technol I-20100 Milan Italy

We present a comparison between two color equalization algorithms: Retinex, the famous model due to Land and McCann, and Automatic Color Equalization (ACE), a new algorithm recently presented by the authors. These two algorithms share a common approach to color equalization, but different computational models. We introduce the two models focusing on differences and common points. An analysis of their computational characteristics illustrates the way the Retinex approach has influenced ACE structure, and which aspects of the first algorithm have been modified in the second one and how Their interesting equalization properties, like lightness and color constancy, image dynamic stretching, global and local filtering, and data driven dequantization, are qualitatively and quantitatively presented and compared, together with their ability to mimic the human visual system. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image filtering Visualization Colorimetry algorithm development Mercury Reflectivity RGB color model Digital imaging Image enhancement Optical filters

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Analysis and generalization of Retinex by recasting the algorithm in wavelets

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2004年第1期13卷 93-99页

作者： Rising, HK Sony Corp Network & Software Technol Ctr Amer Media Proc Div San Jose CA 95134 USA

The Retinex algorithm presents an interesting mix of a locally connected iterative algorithm and a multiresolution analysis of the image. By recasting the algorithm, using wavelets, the behavior of the algorithm comes to light. This allows generalizations to be proposed, by changes in both the multiresolution structure and the iterative update structure. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Wavelets Diffusion Wavelet transforms Reconstruction algorithms Image processing Image analysis Wave propagation algorithm development Image resolution Raster graphics

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A framework for MPLS path setup in uni-directional multicast shared trees

A framework for MPLS path setup in uni-directional multicast...

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Conference on Performance, Quality of Service, and Control of Next-Generation Communication Networks II

作者： Matrawy, A Lung, CH Lambadaris, L Carleton Univ Dept Syst & Comp Engn Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819455512

Establishing multicast communications in MPLS-capable networks is an essential requirement for a wide-scale deployment of MPLS in the Internet. This paper outlines a framework for the setup of a MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint (MP2MP) Label Switched Path (LSP) for establishing uni-directional multicast shared trees. The presented framework is intended for multicast applications within a single autonomous domain And can be extended to cover inter-domain multicast sessions. We propose the use of one (or more) control points in the network called Rendez-vous Points (RP) in a manner similar to PIM-SM shared trees. Senders of the multicast session have to register with the RP and establish unicast LSPs with the RP. Receivers who join the session have to send their join requests to the RP which acts as a root (and the sender) of a one-to-many tree by establishing a Point-to-MultiPoint (P2MP) LSP between the RP and the receiver. This. architecture utilizes more than one RP to implement RP failure recovery, to provide load balancing within the domain, and to enable the extension of this framework to multiple domains by establishing LSPs between RPs in different domains. This architecture also has the advantage of using existing MPLS techniques and existing routing protocols and requires only the addition of more management capabilities at the RPs. The paper explains the framework in details and provides an example on how to set the LSP on a given topology. We also refer to some preliminary simulation results testing the scalability of the architecture in comparison with traditional multicast routing.

关键词： Receivers Network architectures Internet Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Associative arrays Computer architecture Switching algorithm development Standards development Telecommunications

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A proof of the N-FINDR algorithm for the automated detection of endmembers in a hyperspectral image

A proof of the N-FINDR algorithm for the automated detection...

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Conference onalgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X

作者： Winter, ME Univ Hawaii Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol Honolulu HI 96822 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945348X

N-FINDR, an automated end-member detection and unmixing algorithm, was first proposed four years ago. Since then, the algorithm has been used successfully in a number of situations. The apparent success of the N-FINDR algorithm is a strong motivator for a complete review of its approach, from its assumptions to its implementation details. This paper reviews the approach used in N-FINDR, and makes a theoretical argument that the algorithm works. The algorithm can be proven to work perfectly on theoretically perfect data. Moreover, N-FINDR can be shown to have good (although imperfect) convergence properties with non-ideal data.

关键词： Sensors Data modeling Hyperspectral imaging Image sensors algorithms Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Minerals Reflectivity Calcite

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Genetic optimization of the HSTAMIDS landmine detection algorithm

Genetic optimization of the HSTAMIDS landmine detection algo...

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Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX

作者： Konduri, R Solomon, G DeJong, K Duvoisin, H Bartosz, E CyTerra Corp Orlando FL 32809 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453382

CyTerra's dual sensor HSTAMIDS system has demonstrated exceptional landmine detection capabilities in extensive government-run field tests. Further optimization of the highly successful PentAD-class algorithms for Humanitarian Dernining (HD) use (to enhance detection (Pd) and to lower the false alarm rate (FAR)) may be possible. PentAD contains several input parameters, making such optimization computationally intensive. Genetic algorithm techniques, which formerly provided substantial improvement in the detection performance of the metal detector sensor algorithm alone, have been applied to optimize the numerical values of the dual-sensor algorithm parameters. Genetic algorithm techniques have also been applied to choose among several sub-models and fusion techniques to potentially train the HSTAMIDS HD system in new ways. In this presentation we discuss the performance of the resulting algorithm as applied to field data.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Land mines Detection and tracking algorithms Genetics Optimization (mathematics) Sensors algorithm development MATLAB Metals Principal component analysis

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Near-lossless image authentication transparent to near-lossless coding

Near-lossless image authentication transparent to near-lossl...

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6th Conference on Watermarking of Multimedia Contents

作者： Caldelli, R Macaluso, G Bartolini, F Barni, M Univ Florence Dipartimento Elettron & Telecomun I-50121 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819452092

In this paper attention is paid to the problem of remote-sensing image authentication by relying on a digital watermarking approach. Both transmission and storage is usually cumbersome for remote-sensing imagery and compression is unavoidable to make it feasible. In the case of multi-spectral images, used for classification purposes, too large valuemetric changes can cause miss-classification errors, so near-lossless compression is used to grant a given peak compression error. Similarly it is likely that also watermarking based authentication should grant such a maximum peak error and the requirements to be satisfied are: to allow valuemetric authentication, to control the peak water-mark embedding error, to tolerate near-lossless compression. To achieve these requirements, a methodology has been designed by integrating into the standard JPEG-LS compression algorithm, by means of a stripe approach, a known authentication technique derived from Fridrich. This procedure points out two advantages: firstly, the produced bit-stream is perfectly compliant with the JPEG-LS standard, secondly, when the image has been decoded, it is always authenticated because information has been embedded in the reconstructed values. Near-lossless coding does not harm authentication procedure and robustness a2ainst different attacks is preserved. JPEG-LS coding/decoding has not got worse from the point of view of computational time.

关键词： Digital watermarking Image compression Binary data Remote sensing algorithm development Digital imaging Rubidium Quantization Image classification Image restoration

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Unification, H-duality, and data truncation in image reconstruction from divergent beam projections

Unification, H-duality, and data truncation in image reconst...

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4th Conference on developments in X-Ray Tomography

作者： Chen, GH Univ Wisconsin Dept Med Phys Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454737

In this paper, a unified framework of image reconstruction from both fan-beam and cone-beam projections is formulated by using intermediate functions. The intermediate function has an imaginary part and a real part. The causality principle is used to prove that the imaginary and real part is mutually linked by a Hilbert transform. Using this link, it is shown that image can be reconstructed by using either the real part or the imaginary part of the intermediate function. Thus there exist two fundamental image reconstruction schemes in image reconstruction from divergent beam projections. One scheme only uses the imaginary part of the intermediate function, while the other scheme only uses the real part. Two schemes are dual to each other by a Hilbert transform in intermediate functions. Thus this dual nature is called H-duality. One of the paired dual formulas explicitly allows data truncation, while the other one does not. However, they are equivalent in the sense that both of them are mathematically exact image reconstruction formulas provided the measured data is sufficient for both formulas and is free from noise. Practically, a fan-beam image reconstruction formula is identified to solve the fan-beam data truncation problem.

关键词： Image restoration X-rays Sensors Radon transform Reconstruction algorithms X-ray imaging algorithm development Fluctuations and noise Fourier transforms Image filtering

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Real-time multispectral video registration

Real-time multispectral video registration

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Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX

作者： Crosby, F USN Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren Div Panama City FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453382

Registering video imagery in real-time is a demanding process. Multispectral imagery adds complexity due to the variances between different bands. This paper demonstrates a process that registers airborne multispectral imagery at a rate of thirty frames per second. It can create both mosaics and multispectral sets from a camera that captures a cycle of spectral bands with each spectral band in a separate video frame. A series of phase correlation measurements provides subpixel accuracy. Roll, pitch and yaw variances are corrected with complex polynomial interpolation.

关键词： Image registration Video Multispectral imaging Simulation of CCA and DLA aggregates algorithm development Image processing Vegetation Cameras Video processing Fourier transforms

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Biologically inspired feature based categorization of objects.

Biologically inspired feature based categorization of object...

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Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX

作者： Mundhenk, TN Navalpakkam, V Makaliwe, H Vasudevan, S Itti, L Univ So Calif Dept Comp Sci Henry Salvatori Comp Sci Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819451959

We have developed a method for clustering features into objects by taking those features which include intensity, orientations and colors from the most salient points in an image as determined by our biologically motivated saliency program. We can train a program to cluster these features by only supplying as training input the number of objects that should appear in an image. We do this by clustering from a technique that involves linking nodes in a minimum spanning tree by not only distance, but by a density metric as well. We can then form classes over objects or object segmentation in a novel validation set by training over a set of seven soft and hard parameters. We discus as well the uses of such a flexible method in landmark based navigation since a robot using such a method may have a better ability to generalize over the features and objects.

关键词： algorithm development Image segmentation Independent component analysis Visualization Feature extraction Cameras Detection and tracking algorithms Expectation maximization algorithms Navigation systems Object recognition

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Depth determination using thermal imaging

Depth determination using thermal imaging

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Conference on Two- and Three-Dimensional Vision Systems for Inspection, Control, and Metrology II

作者： Cantello, C Gen Elect Res Appl Opt Lab Schenectady NY 12308 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819455598

A thermal technique and system for measuring the depth of a crack in metal is described. The transient heat signature of a moving infrared laser source is analyzed using three intensity-based algorithms and the limitations of this approach are examined. Experimental results demonstrate capability to measure EDM-notches 0.06 inches deep and shallower, and the variability of the system agrees with the theoretical. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique over other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are also outlined.

关键词： Thermography Data acquisition algorithm development Computing systems Sensors Video Imaging systems Nondestructive evaluation Infrared lasers Metals

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