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Z-transform and its application to development of scientific simulation algorithms

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2013年第1期21卷 75-88页

作者： Fazarinc, Zvonko Hewlett Packard Labs Palo Alto CA USA Stanford Univ EE Stanford CA 94305 USA

Engineers and educators find in computer simulations a powerful substitute for inability of calculus to produce closed form solutions to modern problems. But the validity of quasi-closed-form solutions produced by computers remains suspect. While no magic test exists, pieces of algorithms can individually be examined by the Z-transform [E. I. Jury, Sampled-data control systems, John Wiley & Sons, 1958]. Two examples from engineering and three from education are presented. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 7588, 2013

关键词： Z-transform science simulations algorithm development physics algorithms mathe algorithms

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development of electronic health record based algorithms to identify individuals with diabetic retinopathy

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 2024年第11期31卷 2560-2570页

作者： Breeyear, Joseph H. Mitchell, Sabrina L. Nealon, Cari L. Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Charest, Brian Khakharia, Anjali Halladay, Christopher W. Yang, Janine Garriga, Gustavo A. Wilson, Otis D. Basnet, Til B. Hung, Adriana M. Reaven, Peter D. Meigs, James B. Rhee, Mary K. Sun, Yang Lynch, Mary G. Sobrin, Lucia Brantley Jr, Milam A. Sun, Yan, V Wilson, Peter W. Iyengar, Sudha K. Peachey, Neal S. Phillips, Lawrence S. Edwards, Todd L. Giri, Ayush Vanderbilt Univ Dept Med Div Epidemiol Med Ctr Nashville TN 37232 USA VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare Syst 626 Nashville TN 37212 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Med Ctr Nashville TN 37232 USA VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare Syst Eye Clin Cleveland OH 44106 USA Vanderbilt Univ Vanderbilt Genet Inst Nashville TN 37232 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Med Div Genet Med Med Ctr Nashville TN 37232 USA VA Boston Healthcare Syst Massachusetts Vet Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr MAV Boston MA 02111 USA VA Atlanta Healthcare Syst Decatur GA 30033 USA Emory Univ Dept Med & Geriatr Sch Med Atlanta GA 30307 USA Providence VA Med Ctr Providence RI 02908 USA Harvard Med Sch Mass Eye & Ear Infirm Dept Ophthalmol Boston MA 02114 USA Vanderbilt Univ Med Ctr Dept Obstet & Gynecol Div Quantitat & Clin Sci Nashville TN 37232 USA Vanderbilt Univ Med Ctr Dept Med Div Nephrol & Hypertens Nashville TN 37232 USA Phoenix VA Hlth Care Syst Phoenix AZ 85012 USA Univ Arizona Coll Med Phoenix AZ 85721 USA Broad Inst Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA Harvard Med Sch Dept Med Boston MA 02115 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Div Gen Internal Med Boston MA 02114 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Med Div Endocrinol Metab & Lipids Atlanta GA 30307 USA Stanford Univ Dept Ophthalmol Sch Med Palo Alto CA 94305 USA Emory Univ Rollins Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Atlanta GA 30307 USA Emory Univ Dept Biomed Informat Sch Med Atlanta GA 30307 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Med Div Cardiol Atlanta GA 30307 USA VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare Syst Res Serv Cleveland OH 44106 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Populat & Quantitat Hlth Sci Sch Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Cleveland Clin Cole Eye Inst Cleveland OH 44106 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Lerner Coll Med Dept Ophthalmol Cleveland Clin Cleveland OH 44195 USA

Objectives To develop, validate, and implement algorithms to identify diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases and controls from electronic health care records (EHRs).Materials and Methods We developed and validated electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithms to identify DR cases and individuals with type I or II diabetes without DR (controls) in 3 independent EHR systems: Vanderbilt University Medical Center Synthetic Derivative (VUMC), the VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), and Massachusetts General Brigham (MGB). Cases were required to meet 1 of the following 3 criteria: (1) 2 or more dates with any DR ICD-9/10 code documented in the EHR, (2) at least one affirmative health-factor or EPIC code for DR along with an ICD9/10 code for DR on a different day, or (3) at least one ICD-9/10 code for any DR occurring within 24 hours of an ophthalmology examination. Criteria for controls included affirmative evidence for diabetes as well as an ophthalmology *** The algorithms, developed and evaluated in VUMC through manual chart review, resulted in a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.93 for cases and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91 for controls. Implementation of algorithms yielded similar metrics in VANEOHS (PPV = 0.94;NPV = 0.86) and lower in MGB (PPV = 0.84;NPV = 0.76). In comparison, the algorithm for DR implemented in Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in VUMC yielded similar PPV (0.92) but substantially reduced NPV (0.48). Implementation of the algorithms to the Million Veteran Program identified over 62 000 DR cases with genetic data including 14 549 African Americans and 6209 Hispanics with ***/Discussion We demonstrate the robustness of the algorithms at 3 separate healthcare centers, with a minimum PPV of 0.84 and substantially improved NPV than existing automated methods. We strongly encourage independent validation and incorporation of features unique to each EHR to enhance algorithm performance for DR cases and

关键词： diabetes complications diabetic retinopathy algorithm development algorithm validation

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development of the IASI operational processing and distribution system

Development of the IASI operational processing and distribut...

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Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization

作者： King, T Wolf, W Goldberg, M Barnet, C Sun, H Zhou, L QSS Grp Inc Lanham MD 20706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454869

development and testing of the IASI processing and distribution system is currently ongoing at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA. Level I C data for 8461 channels will be available to NESDIS/NOAA from EUMETSAT shortly after MetOp 1 launch (currently scheduled for October 2005). Prior to launch, a simulation system will provide pseudo near-real time data for system testing and refinement. This will allow for a smooth and immediate system transition to the actual data processing when it becomes available. The ingested EUMETSAT level1C data will be subset both spectrally and spatially and then placed into BUFR format for a number of products including: (1) Level 1C (calibrated, apodized, and navigated) brightness temperatures, (2) cloud-cleared radiances, and (3) PCA reconstructed radiances. The subset level1C data will be delivered within three hours of observation. System validation will consist of comparing the products to collocated radiosonde observations and model forecasts.

关键词： Binary data Clouds Data acquisition Data processing Infrared radiation Data centers algorithm development Data modeling Atmospheric modeling Satellites

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development of a field test environment for the validation of coastal remote sensing algorithms:: Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico

Development of a field test environment for the validation o...

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Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2006

作者： Goodman, James A. Velez-Reyes, Miguel Hunt, Shawn Armstrong, Roy Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez Ctr Subsurface Sensing & Imaging Syst POB 9048 Mayaguez PR 00681 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464554

Remote sensing is increasingly being used as a tool to quantitatively assess the location, distribution and relative health of coral reefs and other shallow aquatic ecosystems. As the use of this technology continues to grow and the analysis products become more sophisticated, there is an increasing need for comprehensive ground truth data as a means to assess the algorithms being developed. The University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPPM), one of the core partners in the NSF sponsored Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems (CenSSIS), is addressing this need through the development of a fully-characterized field test environment on Enrique Reef in southwestern Puerto Rico. This reef area contains a mixture of benthic habitats, including areas of seagrass, sand, algae and coral, and a range of water depths, from a shallow reef flat to a steeply sloping forereef. The objective behind the test environment is to collect multiple levels of image, field and laboratory data with which to validate physical models, inversion algorithms, feature extraction tools and classification methods for subsurface aquatic sensing. Data collected from Enrique Reef currently includes airborne, satellite and field-level hyperspectral and multispectral images, in situ spectral signatures, water bio-optical properties and information on habitat composition and benthic cover. We present a summary of the latest results from Enrique Reef, discuss our concept of an open testbed for the remote sensing community and solicit other users to utilize the data and participate in ongoing system development.

关键词： subsurface spectral analysis coastal algorithm development validation field test environment

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development OF THE SOFTWARE GASO FOR ANALYSIS OF BEAM PROFILE ON THE LASER-BEAM PRINTER

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOFTWARE GASO FOR ANALYSIS OF BEAM PROFIL...

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Conferences on High-Resolution Cameras and Recording Devices, and Laser Scanning and Recording Systems

作者： YAMADA, O NANBA, K MINOLTA CAMERA CO LTD DIV REPROGR PROD DEV 1TOYOKAWAAICHIJAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819412368

In the optical design of laser beam printers, it is very important to know the spread function of the beam across the photoconductors. With the usual method, however, we cannot determine the spread function directly, but rather we have to infer it from the optical aberration in the system and the shape of the beam assuming no aberrations. The fundamental method to simulate the point spread function has already been described. In it, the pupil function is defined assuming irregular illumination deviation of the wave front. Fraunhofer diffraction is then applied. A thorough investigation of the method has not yet been performed, however. We developed an algorithm based on the above method and created a program which determines the laser distribution over the photoconductors taking into consideration the influence of both optical aberrations and truncation by the optical pupil. Experimental values agree well with the calculated values, confirming the efficiency of the program. With this method and software, evaluation of the influence of the pupil and aberrations in the optical system on an elliptical Gaussian beam have become possible.

关键词： Software development Printing algorithm development Far-field diffraction Optical aberrations Point spread functions Ray tracing Beam analyzers Gaussian beams Wavefronts

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TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE IN-SITU development RATE 8

TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE IN-SITU DEVELOPMENT RAT...

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Conference on IC Inspection, Metrology, and Process Control VIII, at the SPIE Microlithography 1994 Symposium

作者： DRENNAN, PG SMITH, BW ALEXANDER, D MOTOROLA INC TEMPEAZ 85284

ISBN: (纸本)0819414913

Using a site services development spray monitor (DSM 100) and a post processing algorithm, the in-situ measured development rates of photoresist were obtained. The interference signals for eight different wavelengths were simultaneously monitored on a patterned wafer as it spun on the development module of a wafer track. Since the interference signal is generated from a circularly polarized light source, the DSM 100 has demonstrated robustness to the red cloud effect, developer spray, bubbles in the developer, and ambient light. After collecting the eight interference curves, these post processing algorithms used the Marquardt Levenberg non- linear regression algorithm and a linear regression approach to find the development rate as a function of development time. The first approach generated the better curve. A plot of development rate versus depth was generated via numerical integration of the plot of development rate versus time. This technique is equally well suited for other types of exposure and resist chemistries.

关键词： algorithm development Photoresist developing Semiconducting wafers Clouds Light Light sources Numerical integration Photoresist materials Resist chemistry Signal generators

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development of a composite UAV wing test-bed for structural health monitoring research

Development of a composite UAV wing test-bed for structural ...

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Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems

作者： Oliver, J. A. Kosmatka, J. B. Farrar, Charles R. Park, Gyuhae Univ Calif San Diego Dept Struct Engn 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA 92903 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Engn Inst Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466532

In order to facilitate damage detection and structural health monitoring (SHM) research for composite unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) a specialized test-bed has been developed. This test-bed consists of four 2.61 m all-composite test-pieces emulating composite UAV wings, a series of detailed finite element models of the test-pieces and their components, and a dynamic testing setup including a mount for simulating the cantilevered operation configuration of real wings. Two of the wings will have bondline damage built in;one undamaged and one damaged wing will also be fitted with a range of embedded and attached sensors-piezoelectric patches, fiber-optics, and accelerometers. These sensors will allow collection of realistic data;combined with further modal testing they will allow comparison of the physical impact of the sensors on the structure compared to the damage-induced variation, evaluation of the sensors for implementation in an operational structure, and damage detection algorithm validation. At the present time the pieces for four wings have been fabricated and modally tested and one wing has been fully assembled and re-tested in a cantilever configuration. The component part and assembled wing finite element models, created for ***, have been correlated to their respective structures using the modal information. This paper details the design and manufacturing of the test-pieces, the finite element model construction, and the dynamic testing setup. Measured natural frequencies and mode shapes for the assembled cantilevered wing are reported, along with finite element model undamaged modal response, and response with a small disbond at the root of the top main spar-skin bondline.

关键词： Sensors Unmanned aerial vehicles Skin Structural health monitoring Composites Data modeling Finite element methods Assembly equipment algorithm development Damage detection

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Simulation of vehicle acoustics in support of netted sensor research and development

Simulation of vehicle acoustics in support of netted sensor ...

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Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII

作者： Christou, CT Jacyna, GM Mitre Corp Dept W407 Mclean VA 22102 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457817

The MITRE Corporation has initiated a three-year internally-funded research program in netted sensors, the first-year effort focusing on vehicle detection for border monitoring. An important component is developing an understanding of the complex acoustic structure of vehicle noise to aid in netted sensor-based detection and classification. This presentation will discuss the design of a high-fidelity vehicle acoustic simulator to model the generation and transmission of acoustic energy from a moving vehicle to a collection of sensor nodes. Realistic spatially-dependent automobile sounds are generated from models of the engine cylinder firing rates. muffler and manifold resonances, and speed-dependent tire whine noise. Tire noise is the dominant noise source for vehicle speeds in excess of 30 miles per hour (MPH). As a result, we have developed detailed models that successfully predict the tire noise spectrum as a function of speed, road surface wave-number spectrum, tire geometry, and tire tread pattern. We have also included realistic descriptions of the spatial directivity patterns for the engine harmonics, muffler, and tire whine noise components. The acoustic waveforms are propagated to each sensor node using a simple phase-dispersive mufti-path model. A brief description of the models and their corresponding outputs is provided.

关键词： Sensors Acoustics Roads Fourier transforms Kinematics Bandpass filters Wave propagation algorithm development Doppler effect Motion models

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Low Cost MATLAB-Based Pulse Oximeter for Deployment in Research and development Applications

Low Cost MATLAB-Based Pulse Oximeter for Deployment in Resea...

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35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC)

作者： Shokouhian, M. Morling, R. C. S. Kale, I. Univ Westminster Appl DSP & VLSI Res Grp Elect Network & Comp Engn Dept London W1R 8AL England Univ Westminster Appl DSP & VLSI Res Grp Dept Westminster London W1R 8AL England

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702167

Problems such as motion artifact and effects of ambient lights have forced developers to design different signal processing techniques and algorithms to increase the reliability and accuracy of the conventional pulse oximeter device. To evaluate the robustness of these techniques, they are applied either to recorded data or are implemented on chip to be applied to real-time data. Recorded data is the most common method of evaluating however it is not as reliable as real-time measurements. On the other hand, hardware implementation can be both expensive and time consuming. This paper presents a low cost MATLAB-based pulse oximeter that can be used for rapid evaluation of newly developed signal processing techniques and algorithms. Flexibility to apply different signal processing techniques, providing both processed and unprocessed data along with low implementation cost are the important features of this design which makes it ideal for research and development purposes, as well as commercial, hospital and healthcare application.

关键词： pulse oximeter pc-based algorithm development MATLAB

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Method of easily extracting resist development parameters for lithography simulation

Method of easily extracting resist development parameters fo...

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Conference on Optical Microlithography IX

作者： Lucas, KD Ivin, VV Kudrja, VP Larin, DY Makhviladze, TM Medvedeva, MG Rogov, AA Verzunov, SV Yang, DC MOTOROLA INC ADV PROD RES & DEV LABAUSTINTX 78721

ISBN: (纸本)0819421022

We present a description of a software tool and a methodology for easily creating photoresist development rate parameters in lithography simulation. The tool optimizes parameters using the Modified Simplex Method. The methodology uses the tool to provide insight into the effects of the development rate parameters and to find usable parameters quickly. The reasonings behind the methodology are discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages. Results from three different lithography simulators are shown to agree well with experimental cross-section SEM data.

关键词： Lithography Diffusion Photoresist developing Photoresist materials 3D modeling algorithm development Picture Archiving and Communication System Radon Scanning electron microscopy Software development

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