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Stereoscopic representation of the breast from two mammographic views with external markers

Stereoscopic representation of the breast from two mammograp...

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Medical Imaging 2003 Conference

作者： Kallergi, M Manohar, A Univ S Florida Coll Med H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst Dept Radiol Tampa FL 33612 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819448303

A new breast imaging technique has been developed and tested for the stereoscopic representation of the breast. The method uses markers at specific locations on the breast surface and standard mammographic projections and was tested with an anthropomorphic phantom containing five mass-like objects at locations determined by a CT scan. The phantom was imaged with a GE Senographe 2000D digital system with and without the markers. The algorithm's modules included: 1) Breast area segmentation;2) Pectoral muscle segmentation;3) Registration and alignment of the mammographic projections based on selected reference points;4) Breast volume estimation based on volume conservation principle during compression and shape definition using surface points;5) Three-dimensional lesion(s) localization and representation. An interactive, IDL-based, graphical interface was also developed for the stereoscopic display of the breast. The reconstruction algorithm assumed that the breast shrinks and stretches uniformly when compression is applied and removed. The relative movement of the markers after compression allowed more accurate estimation of the shrinking and stretching of the surface offering a relatively simple and practical way to improve volume estimation and surface reconstruction. Such stereoscopic representation of the breast and associated findings may improve radiological interpretation and physical examinations for breast cancer diagnosis.

关键词： Breast Image segmentation Mammography 3D modeling Breast cancer Digital mammography Nipple Reconstruction algorithms 3D vision algorithm development

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A self-calibrating multi-band region growing approach to segmentation of single and multi-band images

A self-calibrating multi-band region growing approach to seg...

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Conference on Optical Engineering at the Lawrence-Livermore-National-Laboratory

作者： Paglieroni, DW Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Livermore CA 94550 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944801X

Image segmentation transforms pixel-level information from raw images to a higher level of abstraction in which related pixels are grouped into disjoint spatial regions. Such regions typically correspond to natural or man-made objects or structures, natural variations in land cover, etc. For many image interpretation tasks (such as land use assessment, automatic target cueing, defining relationships between objects, etc.), segmentation can be an important early step. Remotely sensed images (e.g., multi-spectral and hyperspectral images) often contain many spectral bands (i.e., multiple layers of 2D images). Multi-band images are important because they contain more information than single-band images. Objects or natural variations that are readily apparent in certain spectral bands may be invisible in 2D broadband images. In this paper, the classical region growing approach to image segmentation is generalized from single to multi-band images. While it is widely recognized that the quality of image segmentation is affected by which segmentation algorithm is used, this paper shows that algorithm parameter values can have an even more profound effect. A novel self-calibration framework is developed for automatically selecting parameter values that produce segmentations that most closely resemble a calibration edge map (derived separately using a simple edge detector). Although the framework is generic in the sense that it can imbed any core segmentation algorithm, this paper only demonstrates self-calibration with multi-band region growing. The framework is applied to a variety of AVIRIS image blocks at different spectral resolutions, in an effort to assess the impact of spectral resolution on segmentation quality. The image segmentations are assessed quantitatively, and it is shown that segmentation quality does not generally appear to be highly correlated with spectral resolution.

关键词： Image segmentation Calibration Image processing algorithms and systems Spectral resolution algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Image quality Sensors Transform theory

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A new dynamic-grooming algorithm for IP over WDM optical networks

A new dynamic-grooming algorithm for IP over WDM optical net...

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Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications Conference (APOC 2003)

作者： Wen, HB He, RX Yu, HF Li, LM Wang, S Xiang, B Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Key Lab Broadband Opt Fiber Transmiss & Commun Ne Chengdu 610054 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819451770

Efficiently grooming low-rate traffic flows into high-capacity lightpaths will improve the network throughput and resource utilization. In this paper, we study the traffic-grooming algorithm for WDM mesh networks. A novel dynamic grooming graph is proposed, which models the number of transceivers per node and the number of wavelength per fiber in addition to the combined information of IP layer and WDM layer, while taking into account the constraints of wavelength continuity in optical domain. Based on the grooming graph, a new dynamic traffic-grooming algorithm, namely Integrated Grooming algorithm (IGA), is developed to provide an efficient solution to the traffic-grooming in WDM optical mesh networks. This algorithm is evaluated via simulations and results reveal that satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithms can be achieved.

关键词： Transceivers Wavelength division multiplexing Optical networks algorithm development Broadband telecommunications Receivers Transmitters Computer simulations Switching Network architectures

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Features selection for clustering of fMRI data

Features selection for clustering of fMRI data

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Wavelets - Applications in Signal and Image Processing X Conference

作者： Meyer, FG Chinrungrueng, J Univ Colorado Dept Elect Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450804

We address the problem of the analysis of event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI). We propose to separate the fMRI time series into "activated" and "non-activated" clusters. The fMRI time series are projected onto a basis, and the clustering is performed using the coefficients in that basis. We developed a new algorithm to select that basis which provides the optimal clustering of the time series. Our approach does not require any training datasets or any model of the hemodynamic response. The basis is constructed using a dictionary of wavelet packets. We search for the optimal basis in this dictionary using a new cost function that measures the clustering power of a set of wavelet packets. Our approach can be easily extended to classification problems. We have conducted several experiments with synthetic and in-vivo event-related fMRI data. Our method is capable of discovering the structures of the synthetic data. The method also successfully detected activated voxels in the in-vivo fMRI.

关键词： Wavelets Functional magnetic resonance imaging Hemodynamics Signal to noise ratio Associative arrays Brain In vivo imaging Data modeling algorithm development Feature selection

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A collaborative network of correlation filters for object recognition

A collaborative network of correlation filters for object re...

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Conference on Optical Information Systems

作者： Mahalanobis, A Van Nevel, AJ Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control Orlando FL 32819 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450758

In this paper, we introduce a novel method where several sensors and ATRs collaborate to recognize objects. Such an approach would be suitable for network centric application where the sensors and platforms can coordinate to optimize over all ATR performance. We use correlation pattern recognition techniques to facilitate the development of the concept, although other algorithms may be easily substituted. Essentially, a self-configuring network is proposed that positions the sensors optimally with respect to each other depending on the algorithm and the class of the object to be recognized. We show how such a network optimizes overall performance, and illustrate the scheme by means of examples.

关键词： Sensors Detection and tracking algorithms Image filtering algorithm development Object recognition Automatic target recognition Optical filters Pattern recognition Synthetic aperture radar Image processing

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LANL MTI science team experience

LANL MTI science team experience

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Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX

作者： Balick, LK Borel, CC Chylek, P Clodius, WB Davis, AB Henderson, BG Galbraith, AE Lawson, SL Pope, PA Rodger, AP Theiler, JP Los Alamos Natl Lab Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450324

The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a technology test and demonstration satellite whose primary mission involved a finite number of technical objectives. MTI was not designed, or supported, to become a general purpose operational satellite. The role of the MTI science team is to provide a core group of system-expert scientists who perform the scientific development and technical evaluations needed to meet programmatic objectives. Another mission for the team is to develop algorithms to provide atmospheric compensation and quantitative retrieval of surface parameters to a relatively small community of MTI users. Finally, the science team responds and adjusts to unanticipated events in the life of the satellite. Broad or general lessons learned include the value of working closely with the people who perform the calibration of the data as well as those providing archived image and retrieval products. Close interaction between the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) teams was very beneficial to the overall effort as well as the science effort. Secondly, as time goes on we make increasing use of gridded global atmospheric data sets which are products of global weather model data assimilation schemes. The Global Data Assimilation System information is available globally every six hours and the Rapid Update Cycle products are available over much of the North America and its coastal regions every hour. Additionally, we did not anticipate the quantity of validation data or time needed for thorough algorithm validation. Original validation plans called for a small number of intensive validation campaigns soon after launch. One or two intense validation campaigns are needed but are not sufficient to define performance over a range of conditions or for diagnosis of deviations between ground and satellite products. It took more than a year to accumulate a good set of validation data. With regard to the specific programmatic objectives, we feel that we can do a reasonabl

关键词： Clouds Aerosols Reflectivity Atmospheric modeling Calibration Data modeling Satellites algorithm development Model-based design Thermography

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Morphological processing for UCIR detection

Morphological processing for UCIR detection

引用

Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIV

作者： Casasent, D Yuan, C Ramamoorthy, L Braunreiter, D Brucks, T Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449660

A study was conducted on the use of morphological processing for detection in Uncooled Infra Red (UCIR) data using the Clutter type 1 and Clutter type 2 databases. The CMO algorithm was used with various modifications. A fixed minimum peak value was used rather than a fraction of the maximum peak per image. This is much more realistic, since many real scenes will not contain targets. One-dimensional directional structuring elements (SEs) were used for the Close Minus Open algorithm. We used the range of gray levels within the output blob peaks (blob analysis) and larger windows in peak sorting to reduce false alarms. A new dilation minus erosion morphological algorithm gave the best result.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Selenium Databases Target detection Sensors algorithm development Binary data Chaos Cobalt Missiles

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Parametric Slant-Hadamard transforms

Parametric Slant-Hadamard transforms

引用

Conference on Image Processing - algorithms and Systems II

作者： Agaian, S Tourshan, K Noonan, JP Univ. of Texas/San Antonio (United States) Lockheed Martin Corp. (United States) Tufts Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819448141

The purpose of this paper is to develop a class of generalized parametric Slant-Hadamard transform of order (N = k(n), n = 2, 3,...) where k is an arbitrary integer and to present its fast algorithm. As special cases of this class are the classical Slant-Hadamard (k = 2 and beta(N) = 1), the generalized Slant-Hadamard beta(N) = 1), and the parametric Slant-Hadamard (k = 2) transforms. We will show that the parametric Slant-Hadamard transform is slightly superior to the DCT for compression of the geometric test images at a particular quantization matrix scaling factors.

关键词： Transform theory Image compression Signal processing algorithm development Quantization Image processing Data conversion Detection and tracking algorithms Pattern recognition Video compression

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Multi-electrode complex-coupled DFB lasers for reduced spatial hole burning

Multi-electrode complex-coupled DFB lasers for reduced spati...

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6th International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology

作者： Lestrade, M Champagne, A Maciejko, R Kasunic, KJ Adams, DM Ecole Polytech Optoelect Lab Montreal PQ H3C 3A7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819451487

The effects of using multiple electrodes to reduce longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) in a complex-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser are investigated. Using a time-domain model, we show that LSHB can be compensated by injecting more current into the center of the device. We also find that differential current injection has an effect on the threshold current and quantum efficiency of the DFB laser. Spectral characteristics are obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the time-domain data and we show that inhomogeneous current injection can also have an effect on the laser linewidth.

关键词： Electrodes Hole burning spectroscopy Transparency algorithm development Quantum efficiency Laser damage threshold Fourier transforms Instrument modeling Optical simulations Phase shifts

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Developing a CFAR filter for detecting point targets using a dynamic programming algorithm

Developing a CFAR filter for detecting point targets using a...

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Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets

作者： Madar, H Avishai, T Succary, R Rotman, SR Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0819450774

A method to detect and track point targets in infrared imagery is briefly described. The final output of the algorithm is a single image containing scores related to the probability of a target being located at any particular pixel. This image will be analyzed to deterrrtine the presence and location of suspected targets, based on CFAR requirements.

关键词： Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Filtering (signal processing) Image processing Signal to noise ratio Computer programming Image filtering Image analysis Signal processing

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