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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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Quantum models of Parrondo's games

Quantum models of Parrondo's games

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International Symposium on Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro-Smart Systems

作者： Flitney, AP Abbott, D Univ Adelaide CBME Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0819447315

it is possible to have two games,that are losing when played in isolation but that, because of some form of feedback, produce a winning game when played alternately or even in a random mixture. This effect is known as Parrondo's paradox. Quantum mechanics provides novel methods of combining two games through interference and entanglement. Two models of quantum Parrondo's games have been published and these are reviewed here. We speculate on a model of a quantum Parrondo's game using entanglement. Such games could find a use in the development of algorithms for quantum computers.

关键词： Quantum communications Particles Quantum physics Quantum information algorithm development Quantum computing Quantum mechanics Computing systems Constructive interference Superposition

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Alternating phase shift mask inspection using multiple simultaneous illumination techniques

Alternating phase shift mask inspection using multiple simul...

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Conference on Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology IX

作者： Zurbrick, L Heumann, J Rudzinski, M Stokowski, S Urbach, JP Wang, LT KLA Tencor Corp San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445177

This paper discusses the challenges to alternating phase shift mask defect inspection and new approaches for phase defect detection using multiple illumination methods in conjunction with defect detection algorithm modifications. Die-to-die inspection algorithms were developed for the KLA-Tencor 365UV-HR (APS algorithm) and TeraStar SLF27 (TeraPhase algorithm) inspection systems based upon the use of simultaneous transmitted and reflected light signals. The development of an AltPSM programmed test vehicle is described and defect sensitivity characterization results from programmed phase defect reticles are presented. A comparison of the two approaches used for the different inspection systems is discussed. A comparison of TeraPhase to transmitted light only results from a programmed phase defect test mask shows improved phase defect detection results.

关键词： Inspection Phase shift keying Defect detection Phase shifts Photomasks algorithm development Defect inspection Detection and tracking algorithms Quartz Etching

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Encoder-based rate smoothing and quality control for low delay video coding and communication

Encoder-based rate smoothing and quality control for low del...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002

作者： He, ZH Chen, CW Interact Media Grp Princeton NJ 08543 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

An encoder-based rate smoothing technique is developed to reduce the rate burstiness in video coding. At first, we propose a new source model to accurately estimate the rate-distortion (R-D) function of each video frame with very low computational complexity. Based on the estimated R-D function, in the second step, we propose a rate smoothing algorithm to make a tradeoff between the constant bit rate and the constant picture quality. The tradeoff forces the output video stream to have both a smoothed rate shape and a consistent video presentation quality, which is highly desirable in video coding and transportation.

关键词： Video Video coding Quantization Computer programming Detection and tracking algorithms Image compression algorithm development Binary data Data modeling Distortion

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Relation between bulk temperature based on in situ temperature profiles and NOAA-AVHRR sea surface temperature data for lake constance

Relation between bulk temperature based on in situ temperatu...

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Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology III

作者： Thiemann, S Haese, C Heege, T German Aerosp Ctr Remote Sensing Technol Inst D-82230 Wessling Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819442674

The determination of phytoplankton primary production is one key future application of remote sensing data in Lake Constance. One of the main influencing factors of the maximum photosythetic rate in waters is the bulk temperature. From satellite data like NOAA-AVHRR, the skin temperature can be retrieved at high temporal resolution. However, as parameter for primary production, the bulk temperature in the mixed water layer is needed. In this study, an extensive multi-temporal set of AVHRR data is used to set up a relationship between lake skin temperature from satellite data and the bull: temperature in 0.1 in depth from in situ temperature profiles. Temperature profiles exist for a fixed station in Lake Constance in 20 min intervals over the last twelve years. From 245 cloudless AVHRR-scenes for the years 1995 until 1999, the skin temperature was derived using the split window technique. Different approaches of this technique are intercompared for their accuracy for Lake Constance. In a future step, the bulk temperature in the upper 4 in and the depth of the mixed layer will be determined for input in a primary production model. Multiple regression analysis as well as a neural network approach will be used for the prediction of the bulk temperature from the skin temperature for Lake Constance.

关键词： Satellites algorithm development Temperature metrology Skin Neural networks Calibration Remote sensing Data centers Sensors Temporal resolution

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Unsupervised change detection methods for remote sensing images

Unsupervised change detection methods for remote sensing ima...

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Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing VII

作者： Melgani, F Moser, G Serpico, SB Univ Genoa Dept Biophys & Elect Engn I-16145 Genoa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819442666

An unsupervised change detection problem can be viewed as a classification problem with only two classes corresponding to the change and no-change areas, respectively. Due to its simplicity, image differencing represents a popular approach for change detection. It is based on the idea to generate a difference image that represents the modulus of the spectral change vector associated to each pixel in the study area. To separate the change and no-change classes in the difference image, a simple thresholding-based procedure can be applied. However, the selection of the best threshold value is not a trivial problem. In the present work, several simple thresholding methods are investigated and compared. The combination of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm with a thresholding method is also considered with the aim of achieving a better estimation of the optimal threshold value. For experimental purpose, a study area affected by a forest fire is considered. Two Landsat TM images of the area acquired before and after the event are utilized to reveal the burned zones and to assess and compare the above mentioned unsupervised change detection methods.

关键词： Expectation maximization algorithms Principal component analysis Image classification Remote sensing Multispectral imaging Statistical analysis Earth observing sensors Landsat algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms

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Distributed GA for large system identification problems

Distributed GA for large system identification problems

引用

Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems

作者： Koh, CG Wu, LP Liaw, CY Natl Univ Singapore Dept Civil Engn Singapore 119260 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819444502

Non-destructive monitoring of structures may be achieved by system identification to evaluate key parameters. Unfortunately many system identification methods that work for small systems do not necessarily give convergence for large systems. In recent years, the use of genetic algorithms (GA) has shown promising potential for parameter identification of complex systems owing to its many inherent advantages. For large systems involving many degrees of freedom and unknown parameters, the computational effort required by the GA approach may still be prohibitive. The main bulk, of computational time lies in the numerous forward analyses that need to be carried out. With rapid advances in computer hardware, especially networking technology, nevertheless, the feasibility of applying the GA approach to large system identification problems has become closer to reality even by using low-cost personal computers. Distributed computing can be easily employed to expedite the GA search, thanks to the high concurrency of the GA approach. In this study, a parallel version of a hybrid algorithm of GA and local search is developed for distributed computing. The implementation involves a manager computer running the main algorithm, which distributes data files to many worker computers connected on the network. Each worker computer carries out the forward analysis with the assigned parameter set and, when completed, sends the output file to the manager computer, Numerical examples are presented to show that this approach is generally workable and robust.

关键词： System identification Distributed computing Computer networks algorithm development Computer hardware Genetic algorithms Nondestructive evaluation Civil engineering Complex systems Computing systems

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Comparison of induced rules based on likelihood estimation

Comparison of induced rules based on likelihood estimation

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Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology IV

作者： Tsumoto, S Shimane Med Univ Dept Med Informat Izumo Shimane 6938501 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819444804

Rule induction methods have been applied to knowledge discovery in databases and data mining, The empirical results obtained show that they are very powerful and that important knowledge has been extracted from datasets. However, comparison and evaluation of rules are based not on statistical evidence but on rather naive indices, such as conditional probabilities and functions of conditional probabilities. In this paper, we introduce two approaches to induced statistical comparison of induced rules. For the statistical evaluation, likelihood ratio test and Fisher's exact test play an important role: likelihood ratio statistic measures statistical information about an information table and it is used to measure the difference between two tables.

关键词： Statistical analysis Databases Knowledge discovery Data mining Data modeling algorithm development Distance measurement Medicine Binary data Information science

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Resource constrained complexity scalable video decoding via adaptive B-residual computation

Resource constrained complexity scalable video decoding via ...

引用

Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002

作者： Peng, S Zhong, Z Philips Res Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

As media processing gradually migrates from hardware to software programmable platforms, the number of media processing functions added on the media processor grow even faster than the ever-increasing media processor power can support. Computational complexity scalable algorithms become powerful vehicles for implementing many time-critical yet complexity-constrained applications, such as MPEG2 video decoding. In this paper, we present an adaptive resource-constrained complexity scalable MPEG2 video decoding scheme that makes a good trade-off between decoding complexity and output quality. Based on the available computational resources and the energy level of B-frame residuals, the scalable decoding algorithm selectively decodes B-residual blocks to significantly reduce system complexity. Furthermore, we describe an iterative procedure designed to dynamically adjust the complexity levels in order to achieve the best possible output quality under a given resource constraint. Experimental results show that up to 20% of total computational complexity reduction can be obtained with satisfactory output visual quality.

关键词： Video Computing systems Multimedia Video processing algorithm development Control systems Data processing Distortion Telecommunications Visualization

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Image enhancement for Automatic Target Detection

Image enhancement for Automatic Target Detection

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12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition

作者： Muise, R Mahalanobis, A Lockheed Martin Orlando FL 32819 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444766

Typically when one tackles an Automatic Target Detection (ATD) problem in image data, an assumption is made that the sample of target pixels is statistically different from the sample of background pixels in an immediate neighborhood of the target. algorithms are then devised to recognize groups (or individual) outlier pixels as indicating a possible target to be further processed by an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithm. In this paper, we present a novel approach for image enhancement that raises the intensity of outlier pixels while suppressing background pixels. Thus, simple thresholding of the enhanced image becomes a powerful ATD algorithm. The approach is not a pixel-level algorithm as it is derived and implemented in the frequency domain. This also implies that, since the algorithm is not specifically intensity-based, low SNR targets can be significantly enhanced if the target frequency domain characteristics are outliers compared to the background frequency domain characteristics. Full performance statistics over a large and clutter rich IR dataset will be presented and compared to other ATD algorithms.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Image enhancement Target detection Automatic target recognition Image processing Signal to noise ratio Silicon Sensors Target recognition algorithm development

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ρ-domain optimum bit allocation and accurate rate control for DCT video coding

ρ-domain optimum bit allocation and accurate rate control f...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002

作者： He, ZH Chen, CW Sarnoff Co Interact Med Grp Princeton NJ 08543 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

In this research, we have developed a novel and unified rate-distortion (R-D) analysis framework for all standard DCT-based video coding systems, including MPEG-2, H.263, and MPEG-4. Within this framework, we consider the coding bit rate as a function of the percentage of zeros among the quantized DCT coefficients. From our extensive simulations over a wide range of video data, we observe that this rate function appears linear in all standard video coding. Based on Shannon's source coding theorem, we provide a heuristic justification for this linear rate model, which helps us better understand the unique behavior of the video encoder. Within the proposed R-D analysis framework, we have also developed an accurate distortion model. It is expected that this simple yet unified R-D modeling shall have significant impact on various video coding related research and development works, including rate control, bit allocation, joint source and channel coding, and so on. In this work, we have developed a unified bit allocation and rate control algorithm for MPEG-2, H.263 and MPEG-4 video coding. Compared to other rate control algorithms reported in the literature, the proposed algorithm controls the coding bit rate more accurately and robustly. In addition, the coded video quality is significantly improved.

关键词： Video coding Video Distortion Quantization Systems modeling algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Computer programming Control systems Image compression

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