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26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000)

作者： Zaytsev, SG Krivets, VV Titov, SN Chebotareva, EI Tishkin, VF Nikishin, VV Bouquet, S Haas, JF GM Krzhizhanovskii Power Engn Res Inst Moscow 117927 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819441317

The quantitative characteristics of process of excitation and development of turbulence in the mixing zone between the non-reacted hydrogen-oxygen mixture (molecular weight mu (B) = 18.5) and inert gases (molecular weight mu (A) > mu (B) and mu (A) < mu (B)) were under the investigation. The accelerated motion (g similar to 10(7) cm/s(2)) is created by compression waves generated by a flame front, expanding in a combustible mixture. The experimental study includes definition of the mixing zone evolution during its motion along the channel with acceleration and subsequent deceleration. One - dimensional (1D) flow excited by front of flame in the closed channel was examined in theoretical study and in calculations.

关键词： Wave propagation Helium Gases Krypton algorithm development Interfaces Motion models Numerical modeling Turbulence Mathematical modeling

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Bayesian iterative binary filter design

Bayesian iterative binary filter design

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Conference on Nonlinear Image Processing and Pattern Analysis XII

作者： Kamat, VG Dougherty, ER Motorola Inc Austin TX 78721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819439827

Optimal translation-invariant binary windowed filters are determined by probabilities of the form P(Y = 1|x), where x is a vector (template) of observed values in the observation window and Y is the value in the image to be estimated by the filter. The optimal window filter is defined by y(x) = 1 if P(Y = 1|x) > 0.5 and y(x) = 0 if P(Y = 1|x) 0.5, which is the binary conditional expectation. The fundamental problem of filter design is to estimate P(Y 1|x) from data (image realizations), where x ranges over all possible observation vectors in the window. A Bayesian approach to the problem can be employed by assuming, for each x, a prior distribution for P(Y = 1|x). These prior distributions result from considering a range of model states by which the observed images are obtained from the ideal. Instead of estimating P(Y = 1|x) directly from observations by its sample mean relative to an image sample, P(Y = 1|x) is estimated in the Bayesian fashion, its Bayes estimator being the conditional expectation of P(Y = 1|x) given the data. Recently the authors have shown that, with accurate prior information, the Bayesian multiresolution filter has significant benefits from multiresolution filter design. Further, since the Bayesian filter is trained over a wider range of degradation levels, it inherits the added benefit of filtering a degraded image at different degradation levels in addition permitting iterative filtering. We discuss the necessary conditions that make a binary filter a good iterative filter and show that the Bayesian multiresolution filter is a natural candidate. The basic idea behind Bayesian iterative filtering is that, since the prior distribution covers a wide range of degradation levels, an application of the filter converts the degraded image to an image of less degradation for which the prior distribution is sufficiently robust to still be effective. Further application of the filter leads to further reduction of degradation. We consider edge noise in

关键词： Image processing Statistical analysis Error analysis Binary data Image filtering Field emission displays Image resolution Statistical modeling Image analysis algorithm development

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Analysis of long-term deformation data from the San Giorgio Harbor pier in Genoa

Analysis of long-term deformation data from the San Giorgio ...

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Conference on Health Monitoring and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems

作者： Inaudi, D del Grosso, A Lanata, F SMARTEC SA CH-6916 Grancia Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)081944023X

In the framework of a large-scale monitoring program conducted by the Port Authority of Genoa, the east quay wall of the San Giorgio pier has been equipped with an array of more than 60 SOFO fiber optic sensors for continuous monitoring. These sensors allow the measurement of the pier displacements during the dredging works, ship docking and in the long term. The sensors measure the curvature changes in the horizontal and vertical planes and allow a localization of settlements with a spatial resolution of 10 in over a total length of 400 m. The system is in operation since fall 1999, and data has been collected automatically and continuously since then, This paper is intended to present the first analyses and interpretations performed on the monitoring data. Correlation of raw data and curvature analysis to environmental conditions is also presented.

关键词： Sensors Temperature metrology Data acquisition Data analysis Fiber optics sensors Spatial resolution algorithm development Databases Interferometers Structured optical fibers

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Automatic eye tracking in video image sequence

Automatic eye tracking in video image sequence

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Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X

作者： Qian, K Zhou, GW Hung, CC Bhattacharya, P Liu, GG So Polytech State Univ Dept Comp Sci Marietta GA 30060 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440752

A new algorithm is developed to implement automatic eye tracking without prior reference model and prior knowledge of size, orientation, shape, color, and other data for the human eyes. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the eye features in eye contrast, eye blinking, and other properties. It consists two stages. In the initialization stage the algorithm locates the approximate head location from two consecutive video frames. The size of three same size blocks is determined. They are used to detect the left and right eyes. Two eyes are symmetric and blink simultaneously at all the time. The algorithm extracts the similarity features of two eyes and dissimilarity of eyes from the region between eyes which is represented by middle block. The measures are implemented by the analysis of correlation and horizontal contrast property. The algorithm is able to detect the eye status of blinking eyes and closed eye for a period of time in a video frame sequence. This algorithm is a dynamic automatic eye tracking system that can adapt the environment change and reinitialize if the tracking is lost. The experiments of this method show satisfactory results in term of accuracy and reasonable time complexity. It shows that the method can be applied to eye tracking regardless of skin color, orientation of head, size of head, background changing, or other constraints. The experiments are conducted in targeting to a moving head by 20 frames /second video sequence.

关键词： Eye Video Detection and tracking algorithms Automatic tracking Head algorithm development Skin Computer science Data modeling Eye models

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Temporal partitioning of circuits for advanced partially reconfigurable systems

Temporal partitioning of circuits for advanced partially rec...

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Conference on Reconfigurable Technology - FPGAs and Reconfigurable Processors for Computing and Communications III

作者： Mohan, R Dasu, A Panchanathan, S Arizona State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Collaborat Program Ubiquitous Comp CUbiC Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819442496

Reconfigurable architectures are proving to be very effective in applications that involve the implementation of multiple compute-intensive algorithms, which share the same computing modules. With the advent of dynamically reconfigurable architectures, many temporal partitioning algorithms (TPA) have been proposed address the issue of area and time constraints. The main objective of TPA is to divide a large design into smaller sub-components so that they can be implemented over multiple reconfigurations. In this paper, we propose a new temporal partitioning process (TPP), which includes a modified TPA along with a port reallocation algorithm (PRA) to reduce the reconfiguration time to facilitate real-time implementation. The reduction in reconfiguration time is achieved by employing the knowledge of the function implemented in each logic block thereby effectively reusing the cells in the array in a selective manner. This avoids the need for complete reconfiguration and reduces the net reconfiguration time. The proposed approach has been tested on random graphs and on the MCNC benchmark circuits. Significant reduction in reconfiguration time has been achieved.

关键词： Logic Computer architecture Field programmable gate arrays algorithm development Software Composites Computer engineering Computer science Computing systems Multimedia

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Earth beacon acquisition and tracking under various illumination conditions

Earth beacon acquisition and tracking under various illumina...

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Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XIII

作者： Marino, B Tsou, HP Yan, TY Loyola Marymount Univ Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90045 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819439509

The use of sun-illuminated Earth images has been explored to aid in meeting the stringent pointing requirements for deep space optical downlink telemetry. It has been shown that fully illuminated Earth images provide a symmetry that easily lends to the determination of the geocenter. Since more often that not, the Earth is only partially illuminated by the sun, additional work is required to meet the pointing requirements under all illumination conditions. This paper develops an algorithm for determining the geocenter of the Earth regardless of the illumination by the sun using sub-pixel scanning and a simple thresholding technique. To complete this approach the acquisition algorithm is paired with a tracking technique based on maximum likelihood estimation. Results have indicated that the algorithm works well to locate and track the position of the Earth and, thereby, a receiving station. Results of the experiments are presented and compared with other techniques.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Charge-coupled devices Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Sun Error analysis Linear filtering Mirrors Astronomical imaging

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Rapid prototyping of update algorithm of Discrete Fourier Transform for real-time signal processing

Rapid prototyping of update algorithm of Discrete Fourier Tr...

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11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition

作者： Kakad, YP Sherlock, BG Chatapuram, KV Bishop, S Univ N Carolina Dept Elect & Comp Engn Charlotte NC 28223 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440744

An algorithm is developed in the companion paper [I], to update the existing Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to represent the new data series that results when a new signal point is received. Updating the DFT in this way uses less computation than directly evaluating the DFT using the FFT algorithm. This reduces the computational order by a factor of log2 N. The algorithm is able to work in the presence of data window function, for use with rectangular window, the split triangular, Hanning, Hamming, and Blackman windows. In this paper, a hardware implementation of this algorithm, using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, is outlined. Unlike traditional fully customized VLSI circuits, FPGAs represent a technical break through in the corresponding industry. The FPGA implements thousands of gates of logic in a single Integrated Circuit (IC) chip and it can be programmed by users at their site in a few seconds or less depending on the type of device used. The risk is low and the development time is short. The advantages have made FPGAs very popular for rapid prototyping of algorithms in the area of digital communication, digital signal processing, and image processing. Our paper addresses the related issues of implementation using hardware descriptive language in the development of the design and the subsequent downloading on the programmable hardware chip.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Signal processing Fourier transforms Rapid manufacturing algorithm development Clocks Logic Detection and tracking algorithms Data communications Very large scale integration

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Visualizing local vector field topology

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第4期9卷 356-367页

作者： Scheuermann, G Hamann, B Joy, KI Kollmann, W Univ Calif Davis Dept Comp Sci Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn Davis CA 95616 USA

The visualization of vector fields has attracted much attention over the last decade due to the vast variety of applications in science and engineering. Topological methods have been used intensively for global structure extraction and analysis. Recently, there has been a growing interest in local structure analysis due to its connection to automatic feature extraction and speed. We present an algorithm that extracts local topological structure of arbitrary regions in a two-dimensional vector field. It is based on a mathematical analysis of the topological vector field structure in these regions. The algorithm deals with piecewise linear vector fields and arbitrary polygonal regions. We have tested the algorithm for well known analytic Vector fields and data sets resulting from computational fluid dynamics. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)01104-1].

关键词： Visualization Visual analytics Computational fluid dynamics Lead Mechanics 3D image processing algorithm development Analytical research Image processing Standards development

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FLIR ATR using location uncertainty

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第2期9卷 178-193页

作者： Liu, G Haralick, RM Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Intelligent Syst Lab Seattle WA 98195 USA

A model-based FLIR ATR algorithm is described. It utilizes boundary contrast for target detection and recognition. Boundary contrast is related to the location uncertainty at target boundary points. A polygon model is used for deriving target centroid location uncertainty caused by the boundary point location uncertainty. The significance of the work lies in the sound mathematical models used in deriving the relationship between contrast and location uncertainty for the boundary points and the relationship between boundary point location uncertainty and centroid location uncertainty Experiment results show significantly improved performance in detection, recognition, and localization. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)01602-0].

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Forward looking infrared Automatic target recognition Target detection Target recognition Signal to noise ratio Image segmentation algorithm development Error analysis Sensors

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Visualizing the process of knowledge discovery

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第4期9卷 404-420页

作者： Han, JC Cercone, N Univ Waterloo Dept Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Most existing visualization systems stress either the original data visualization or the discovered knowledge visualization, such as decision tree, neural network. rules, etc., but lack the abilities to visualize the entire process of knowledge discovery. We propose an interactive model, RuleViz, for visualizing the process of knowledge discovery and data mining. The RuleViz model consists of five components, each or which can be interacted and visualized by using different visualization techniques. According to this model two interactive systems, AViz and CViz, for visualizing the process of discovering numerical association rules and the process of learning classification rules have been implemented, respectively. To preprocess the data, each system provides users with three approaches for discretizing numerical attributes and the corresponding rule discovery algorithms. The discretization approaches and the algorithms for discovering association rules and learning classification rules are presented, and the approaches to visualizing discretized data and discovered rules are developed. The discovery of numerical association rules in AViz is based on image-based mining algorithm, while, in CViz, the classification rules are learned in terms of a logical rule induction algorithm. We also demonstrate our experimental results with AViz and CViz on the census data sets. UCI data sets, and artificial data sets. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S107-9909(00)01304-0].

关键词： Visualization Knowledge discovery Visual process modeling Data visualization Data modeling algorithm development Mining Classification systems Systems modeling Data mining

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