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Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere IV

作者： Balick, LK Hirsch, KL McLachlan, PM Borel, CC Clodius, WB Villenueve, PV Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp Los Alamos NM 87544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437700

The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a satellite system developed by the DoE. It has 10 spectral bands in the reflectance domain and 5 in the thermal LR. It is pointable and, at nadir, provides 5m IFOV in four visible and short near IR bands and 20m IFOV at longer wavelengths. Several of the bands in the reflectance domain were designed to enable quantitative compensation for aerosol effects and water vapor(daytime). These include 3 bands in and adjacent to the 940nm water vapor feature, a band at 1380nm for cirrus cloud detection and a SWIR band with small atmospheric effects. The concepts and development of these techniques have been described in detail at previous SPIE Conferences and in journals. This paper describes the adaptation of these algorithms to the MTI automated processing pipeline (standardized level 2 products) for retrieval of aerosol optical depth land subsequent compensation of reflectance bands for calibration to reflectance) and the atmospheric water vapor content (thermal IR compensation). Input data sources and flaw are described. Validation results are presented. Pre-launch validation was performed using images from the NASA AVIRIS hyperspectral imaging sensor flown in the stratosphere on NASA ER-2 aircraft compared to ground based sun photometer and radiosonde measurements from different sources. These data sets span a range of environmental conditions.

关键词： Reflectivity Vegetation Aerosols Atmospheric modeling Thermography algorithm development Atmospheric particles Absorption Image processing Sun

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Regularization methods for image restoration based on autocorrelation functions

Regularization methods for image restoration based on autoco...

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Conference on Advanced Signal Processing algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations X

作者： Mu, ZP Plemmons, RJ Wake Forest Univ Dept Med Engn Winston Salem NC 27157 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437611

Image restoration is a procedure which is charaterized by ill-poseness, ill-conditioning and non-uniqueness of the solution in the presence of noise. Iterative numerical methods have gained much attention for solving these inverse problems. Among the methods, minimal variance or least squares approaches are widely used and often generate good results at a reasonable cost in computing time using iterative optimization of the associated cost functional. In this paper, a new regularization method obtained by minimizing the autocorrelation function of residuals is proposed. Several numerical tests using the BFGS nonlinear optimization method are reported and comparisons to the classical Tikhonov regularization method are given. The results show that this method gives competitive restoration and is not sensitive to the regularization weighting parameter. Furthermore, a comprehensive procedure of image restoration is proposed by introducing a modified version of the Mumford-Shah model, which is often used in image segmentation. This approach shows promising improvement in restoration quality.

关键词： Image restoration Autoregressive models Image segmentation Point spread functions Satellites algorithm development Earth observing sensors Satellite imaging Inverse problems Image acquisition

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Estimation of the short-wave incoming radiation from AVHRR data on the Arctic Ocean

Estimation of the short-wave incoming radiation from AVHRR d...

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Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2000

作者： Ananasso, C Santoleri, R Marullo, S Nardino, M Hartmann, J CNR Ist Fis Atmosfer Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819438286

An empirical method to estimate the solar incoming radiation has been improved using AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)-NOAA14 data in the framework of the ARTIST (Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction Study) experiment. This method, using several bulk formulas, gives an estimation of the incoming solar radiation and results are compared with the surface-based and aircraft-based measurements. The first step of the method is the development of a cloud detection algorithm for the area and for the period of interest. The area is the Arctic Ocean near the Svalbard Islands and the period is from 15 March to 16 April 1998, the transition period from winter to spring and in this particular case from the Polar Night to a period of quite normal insolation. Several bulk formulas, right for the Polar condition, are tested comparing the estimate insolation fluxes with the direct measurements made with a pyranometr mounted aboard the Polar2 aircraft and an other pyranometer at the research base at Ny-Alesund. The comparison could define the best parameterization for the available data.

关键词： Clouds Solar radiation Satellites Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Environmental sensing Error analysis Visualization Meteorological satellites Satellite imaging

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algorithm development for the retrieval of coastal water constituents from satellite Modular Optoelectronic Scanner images

Algorithm development for the retrieval of coastal water con...

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3rd Spectrometry Conference

作者： Hetscher, M Krawczyk, H Neumann, A Walzel, T Zimmermann, G German Aerospace Research Establishment (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425400

DLR's imaging spectrometer the Modular Optoelectronic Scanner (MOS) on the Indian remote sensing satellite IRS-P3 has orbiting since March 1996. MOS consists of two spectrometers, one narrow band spectrometer around 760 nm for retrieval of atmospheric parameters and a second one in the VIS/NIR region (13 bands, 400-1010 nm) with an additional line camera at 1,6 pm. The instrument was especially designed for the remote sensing of coastal zone water and the determination and distinction of its constituents. MOS was developed and manufactured at the Institute of Space Sensor Technology (ISST) and launched in an joint effort with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The high spectral resolution of MOS offers the possibility of using the differences in spectral signatures of remote sensing objects for quantitative determination of geophysical parameters. In ISST a linear estimator to derive water constituents and aerosol optical thickness has been developed, exploiting Principal Component Inversion (PCI) of modeled top-of-atmosphere and experimental radiance data sets. The estimator results in sets of weightening coefficients for each measurement band, depending on the geophysical situations (atmosphere-ocean-types, geographic and seasonal conditions etc.). Because of systematic misinterpretation due to nonadaquateness of model and real situation the further development implies the parallel improvement of used water models and recalibration with in-situ data. The paper will present for selected test sites of the European coasts results of algorithm application. It will show the improvement of the estimated water constituents by using regional specific model parameter. Derived maps of chlorophyll like pigments, sediments and aerosol optical thickness are presented.

关键词： algorithm development water constituents imaging spectroscopy

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Industry-university microassembly development initiatives

Industry-university microassembly development initiatives

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Conference on Education in Microelectronics and MEMS

作者： Stephanou, HE Winther, KT Mehalso, R Rensselaer Polytech Inst Ctr Automat Technol Troy NY 12180 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819434957

The Center for Automation Technologies (CAT) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is pioneering a novel model of industryuniversity collaboration. The model is built around the fundamental principle that education, research, and economic development must be tightly integrated into a program that provides first-rate responsiveness to the synergistic needs of its two major constituencies: graduate students and corporate clients.

关键词： Microsystems Computed tomography Manufacturing Microelectromechanical systems Packaging Prototyping algorithm development Sensors Silicon Micromachining

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development of a new defect sensitivity monitor for advanced OPC reticle technology

Development of a new defect sensitivity monitor for advanced...

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15th European Conference on Mask Technology for Integrated Circuits and Microcomponents

作者： Staud, W Eran, Y Reynolds, P Sager, C PDC Grp Appl Mat Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431397

Latest trends in optical lithography will dramatically change the way we need to look at defect printability and the impact that defects have on the performance of our devices. The prediction is, that linewidth variations will have the most severe impact, causing devices to perform under specification, or at least costing the manufacturers substantial photo limited yield by having to bin die in lower speed performance bins. A mask error enhancement factor [ MEEF ] may actually make defects print more severe in certain pattern context, and linewidth variations across the plate will cause severe problems in the device manufacturing process to maintain ACLV [ across chip linewidth variations ] at an acceptable level. Having to use RET technologies, such as OPC and PSM, may actually aggravate the printability problems. In this study, a special reticle design was used to investigate defect size, location and permutation, to evaluate: defect sensitivity and capture in an advanced reticle inspection system, printability prediction using a sophisticated wafer image simulation software package, printability of 'traditional' vs. hidden linewidth error defects, the true CD impact of a given defect on LW performance using an advanced CD-SEM.

关键词： Optical proximity correction Reticles Inspection Photomasks Manufacturing Semiconducting wafers Resolution enhancement technologies Sensors algorithm development Critical dimension metrology

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development platform for self-organizing wireless sensor networks

Development platform for self-organizing wireless sensor net...

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Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications

作者： Agre, JR Clare, LP Pottie, GJ Romanov, NP Rockwell Sci Ctr Thousand Oaks CA 91360 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431877

Distributed microsensor networks, built from collections of nodes each having the ability to sense their environment, process the raw sensor data in cooperation with other neighboring nodes into information and then communicate that information to end users. These systems are designed to be self-organizing in the sense of establishing and maintaining their own network without the need for specialist operators. In most envisioned applications, wireless communications are the most practical means of interconnection, eliminating the internode cabling. Long periods of autonomous operations in remote environments will need battery or other renewable energy sources. In order to prolong battery life, all node hardware and software functions need to be designed to consume minimal power. In general, a node will expend energy on local processing of sensor data to produce compressed information in order to reduce communications. These network systems are intended to support large numbers of such nodes to cover large geographic areas. This presents technical challenges in areas such as low cost design, scalability, cooperative processing and reliable operation of complex systems. Such networks are finding applications in both the military and commercial arenas, and the UCLA/Rockwell Science Center team(1) has developed a prototype wireless sensor node, "AWAIRS I," as a development platform to examine many of the issues relating to their design, deployment and usage. These issues cover a broad spectrum, from determining the best sensors for particular applications, to constructing low power signal processing algorithms and robust and low power network protocols.

关键词： Sensors Microsensors Sensor networks Data communications Signal processing algorithm development Human-machine interfaces Prototyping Wireless communications Acoustics

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Three-dimensional gamut mapping using various color difference formulae and color spaces

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1999年第4期8卷 365-379页

作者： Katoh, N Ito, M Ohno, S Sony Corp PNC Dev Ctr Shinagawa Ku Tokyo 1410001 Japan Sony Corp B&P Co Atsugi Kanagawa 2430024 Japan

Gamut mapping is a technique to transform out-of-gamut colors to the inside of the output device's gamut It is essential to develop effective mapping algorithms to realize "WYSIWYG" color reproduction. In this paper, three-dimensional gamut mapping using various color difference formulae and color spaces are considered. Visual experiments were performed to evaluate which combination of color difference formula and color space for gamut mapping was most preferred for five images. The color difference formulae used in the experiments were Delta E-ab *, Delta E-ab*, Delta E-94, Delta E-CMC, Delta E-BFD, and Delta E-wt. The color spaces used in the experiments were CIELAB, CIELUV, CIECAM97s, IPT, and NC-IIIC. A clipping method was used that maps all out-of-gamut colors to the surface of the gamut and no change was made to colors inside the gamut It was found that gamut mapping using Delta E-94, Delta E-CMC, and Delta E-wt were effective in CIELAB color space. For mapping images containing a large portion of blue colors, Delta E-BFD, and Delta E-UV* were found to be more effective. Delta E-ab* was least preferred for all images. With respect to color spaces, gamut mapping performed in the CIELUV color space was superior to any other color spaces for the blue region. We conclude that Delta E-94 in CIELUV and Delta E-BFD in CIELAB are the two most useful combinations of color difference formula and color space for gamut mapping, if we are to apply a single combination universally. (C) 1999 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Color difference CRTs Printing Visualization Associative arrays 3D image processing Mahalanobis distance Standards development algorithm development Voltage controlled current source

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Evolution of error diffusion

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1999年第4期8卷 422-429页

作者： Knox, KT Xerox Corp Digital Imaging Technol Ctr Webster NY 14580 USA

As we approach the new millenium, error diffusion is approaching the 25th anniversary of its invention. Because elf its exceptionally high image quality, it continues to be a popular choice among digital halftoning algorithms. Over the fast 24 years, many attempts have been made to modify and improve the algorithm-to eliminate unwanted textures and to extend if to printing media and color Some of these modifications have been very successful and are in use today. This paper will review the history of the algorithm and ifs modifications. Three watershed events in the development of error diffusion will be described, together with the lessons learned along the way. (C) 1999 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Diffusion Error analysis Image enhancement Modulation Spatial frequencies Printing algorithm development Linear filtering Fluctuations and noise Halftones

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Color constancy measurements for synthetic image generation

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1999年第4期8卷 394-403页

作者： Marini, D Rizzi, A Rossi, M Univ Milan Dipartimento Sci Informaz Milan Italy Univ Brescia Dipartimento Elettron Automaz I-25123 Brescia Italy Politecn Milan DITEC I-20133 Milan Italy

Solving the color constancy problem in many applications implies the understanding of chromatic adaptation. The Refiner theory justifies chromatic adaptation, as well as other Color illusions, on visual perception principles. Based on the above theory, we have derived an algorithm to salve the color constancy problem and to simulate chromatic adaptation. The evaluation of the results depends an the kind of applications considered. Since our purpose is to contribute to the problem of color rendering for photorealistic image synthesis, we have devised a specific test approach. A virtual "Mondrian" patchwork has been created by applying a rendering algorithm with a photorealistic fight model to generate images under different light sources. Trichromatic values of the computer generated patches are the input data for the Retinex algorithm, computing new color corrected patches, The Euclidean and the Delta E-94* distances in the CIELAB space, between the original and Refiner color corrected trichromatic values, have been calculated. A preliminary analysis of the just noticeable difference has also been done on some colors compared to the closest MacAdam ellipses. Our work shows that the Refiner computational model is very well suited to solve the color constancy problem without any a priori information an the illuminant spectral distribution. (C) 1999 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Colorimetry Reflectivity Light sources Optical filters algorithm development Distance measurement Computer simulations Image filtering Visualization algorithms

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