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amplitude modulation detection by Listeners with Unilateral Dead Regions

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF AUDIOLOGY 2009年第10期20卷 597-606页

作者： Moore, Brian C. J. Vinay Univ Cambridge Dept Expt Psychol Cambridge CB2 3EB England All India Inst Speech & Hearing Mysore Karnataka India

Background: A dead region is a region in the cochlea where the inner hair cells and/or neurons are functioning very poorly, if at all. We have shown that, for people with sensorineural hearing loss, thresholds for detecting sinusoidal amplitude modulation (AM) of a sinusoidal carrier were lower for ears with high-frequency dead regions, as diagnosed using the threshold-equalizing noise test, calibrated in hearing level, than for ears without dead regions when the carrier frequency was below the edge frequency, fe, of the dead region. Purpose: To measure AM-detection thresholds for subjects with unilateral dead regions, using carrier frequencies both below and above fe. Research Design: Ten subjects with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, but with unilateral high-frequency dead regions, were tested. The carriers were presented at sensation levels of 5, 10, or 15 dB. The values of fe were close to 1000, 1500, or 2000 Hz. Results: For carrier frequencies below fe, AM-detection thresholds were lower for the ears with dead regions than for the ears without dead regions, replicating earlier findings. In contrast, for carder frequencies above fe, AM-detection thresholds tended to be higher for ears with dead regions than for ears without dead regions. Conclusions: The reason why AM detection was poorer in the ears with dead regions for carrier frequencies above fe is unclear. However, this finding is consistent with the generally poor discrimination of sounds that has been reported previously for sounds with frequency components failing within a dead region. The results have implications for the ability of people with dead regions to use information from frequency components falling inside the dead region.

关键词： amplitude modulation detection cortical plasticity dead region

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Depth matters - Towards finding an objective neurophysiological measure of behavioral amplitude modulation detection based on neural threshold determination

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HEARING RESEARCH 2018年 359卷 13-22页

作者： Waechter, Saskia M. Valdes, Alejandro Lopez Simoes-Franklin, Cristina Viani, Laura Reilly, Richard B. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll Trinity Ctr Bioengn 152-160 Pearse St Dublin 2 Ireland Univ Dublin Trinity Coll Sch Engn Dublin 2 Ireland Beaumont Hosp Natl Cochlear Implant Program Dublin 9 Ireland Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland Dublin 2 Ireland Univ Dublin Sch Med Trinity Coll Dublin 2 Ireland

With increasing numbers undergoing intervention for hearing impairment at a young age, the clinical need for objective assessment tools of auditory discrimination abilities is growing. amplitude modulation (AM) sensitivity has been known to be an important factor for speech recognition particularly among cochlear implant (CI) users. It therefore would be useful to develop objective measures of AM detection for future clinical assessment of CI users;this study aimed to verify the feasibility of a neurophysiological approach studying a cohort of normal-hearing participants. The mismatch waveform (MMW) was evaluated as a potential objective measure of AM detection for a low modulation rate (8 Hz). This study also explored the relationship between behavioral AM detection and speech-in-noise recognition. The following measures were obtained for 15 young adults with no known hearing impairment: (1) psychoacoustic sinusoidal AM detection ability for a modulation rate of 8 Hz;(2) neural AM detection thresholds estimated from morphology weighted cortical auditory evoked potentials elicited to various AM depths;and (3) AzBio sentence scores for speech-in-noise recognition. No significant correlations were found between speech recognition and behavioral AM detection measures. Individual neural thresholds were obtained from MMW data and showed significant positive correlations with behavioral AM detection thresholds. Neural thresholds estimated from morphology weighted MMWs provide a novel, objective approach for assessing low-rate AM detection. The findings of this study encourage the continued investigation of the MMW as a neural correlate of low-rate AM detection in larger normal-hearing cohorts and subsequently in clinical cohorts such as cochlear implant users. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Temporal auditory processing Objective measures Mismatch waveform amplitude modulation detection Speech recognition

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Reduced processing efficiency impacts auditory detection of amplitude modulation in children: Evidence from an experimental and modeling study

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HEARING RESEARCH 2024年 445卷 108982页

作者： Lorenzini, Irene Lorenzi, Christian Varnet, Leo Cabrera, Laurianne CNRS Integrat Neurosci & Cognit Ctr 45 rue St Peres F-75006 Paris France Univ Paris Cite 45 Rue St Peres F-75006 Paris France PSL Univ Univ Paris Sci & Lettres Ecole Normale Super Dept detudes cognitLab Syst Perceptifs 29 rue Ulm F-75005 Paris France Univ Paris Nanterre Lab Ethol Cognit Dev 200 Ave Republ F-9200 Nanterre France

Auditory detection of the amplitude modulation (AM) of sounds, crucial for speech perception, improves until 10 years of age. This protracted development may not only be explained by sensory maturation, but also by improvements in processing efficiency: the ability to make efficient use of available sensory information. This hypothesis was tested behaviorally on 86 6-to-9-year-olds and 15 adults using AM-detection tasks assessing absolute sensitivity, masking, and response consistency in the AM domain. Absolute sensitivity was estimated by the detection thresholds of a sinusoidal AM applied to a pure-tone carrier;AM masking was estimated as the elevation of AM-detection thresholds produced when replacing the pure-tone carrier by a narrowband noise;response consistency was estimated using a double-pass paradigm where the same set of stimuli was presented twice. Results showed that AM sensitivity improved from childhood to adulthood, but did not change between 6 and 9 years. AM masking did not change with age, suggesting that the selectivity of perceptual AM filters was adult-like by 6 years. However, response consistency increased developmentally, supporting the hypothesis of reduced processing efficiency in early childhood. At the group level, double-pass data of children and adults were well simulated by a model of the human auditory system assuming a higher level of internal noise for children. At the individual level, for both children and adults, double-pass data were better simulated when assuming a suboptimal decision strategy in addition to differences in internal noise. In conclusion, processing efficiency for AM detection is reduced in childhood. Moreover, worse AM detection was linked to both systematic and stochastic inefficiencies, in both children and adults.

关键词： amplitude modulation detection Human auditory development Processing efficiency Double -pass consistency task modulation filterbank model Internal noise

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Tacho-less automatic rotational speed estimation (TARSE) for a mechanical system with gear pair under non-stationary conditions

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MEASUREMENT 2019年 145卷 480-494页

作者： Ruiz Barrios, Mario Luis Hernandez Montero, Fidel Ernesto Gomez Mancilla, Julio Cesar Palomino Marin, Evelio Univ Pinar del Rio Dept Telecommun & Elect Pinar Del Rio Cuba Technol Univ Havana Jose Antonio Echeverria Dept Telecommun & Telemat Havana Cuba Inst Politecn Nacl Lab Vibrac & Rotodinam ESIME Mexico City DF Mexico Tech Univ Havana Jose Antonio Echeverria Innovat & Maintenance Ctr Havana Cuba

The condition monitoring of mechanical systems by vibration analysis becomes a problem whenever the rotational speed varies and is unknown. This work proposes an algorithm to automatically estimate the rotational speed from the vibration generated by a gear pair. The algorithm is based on the decomposition of the vibration signal into mono-component signals and the detection of amplitude modulations. Singular Spectrum Decomposition was used for decomposing the vibration signal into the mono-component signals, and a non-quadratic phase coupling analysis was applied in order to detect the amplitude modulations. The algorithm is validated by working with simulated and true signals resulting from the application of different speed profiles. Finally, two practical cases are presented: (1) the implementation of order tracking through the rotational angle estimated by the new algorithm;and (2) the identification of the first harmonic of gear-mesh frequency from a time-frequency representation of the vibration signal. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： amplitude modulation detection Gear vibration Lock-in amplifier SSD algorithm TARSE

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Relation Between Cochlear Mechanics and Performance of Temporal Fine Structure-Based Tasks

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JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2016年第6期17卷 541-557页

作者： Otsuka, Sho Furukawa, Shigeto Yamagishi, Shimpei Hirota, Koich Kashino, Makio Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Frontier Sci Dept Human & Engn Environm Studies Kashiwa Chiba 2778563 Japan NTT Corp NTT Commun Sci Labs Atsugi Kanagawa 2430198 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn Dept Informat Proc Midori Ku Nagatsuta Cho Yokohama Kanagawa 2268503 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Interdisciplinary Informat Studies Interfaculty Initiat Informat Studies Kashiwa Chiba 2778563 Japan

This study examined whether the mechanical characteristics of the cochlea could influence individual variation in the ability to use temporal fine structure (TFS) information. Cochlear mechanical functioning was evaluated by swept-tone evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), which are thought to comprise linear reflection by micromechanical impedance perturbations, such as spatial variations in the number or geometry of outer hair cells, on the basilar membrane (BM). Low-rate (2 Hz) frequency modulation detection limens (FMDLs) were measured for carrier frequency of 1000 Hz and interaural phase difference (IPD) thresholds as indices of TFS sensitivity and high-rate (16 Hz) FMDLs and amplitude modulation detection limens (AMDLs) as indices of sensitivity to non-TFS cues. Significant correlations were found among low-rate FMDLs, low-rate AMDLs, and IPD thresholds (R = 0.47-0.59). A principal component analysis was used to show a common factor that could account for 81.1, 74.1, and 62.9 % of the variance in low-rate FMDLs, low-rate AMDLs, and IPD thresholds, respectively. An OAE feature, specifically a characteristic dip around 2-2.5 kHz in OAE spectra, showed a significant correlation with the common factor (R = 0.54). High-rate FMDLs and AMDLs were correlated with each other (R = 0.56) but not with the other measures. The results can be interpreted as indicating that (1) the low-rate AMDLs, as well as the IPD thresholds and low-rate FMDLs, depend on the use of TFS information coded in neural phase locking and (2) the use of TFS information is influenced by a particular aspect of cochlear mechanics, such as mechanical irregularity along the BM.

关键词： temporal fine structure frequency modulation detection interaural time difference amplitude modulation detection otoacoustic emission principal component analysis multiple regression analysis

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Steady-State EEG and Psychophysical Measures of Multisensory Integration to Cross-Modally Synchronous and Asynchronous Acoustic and Vibrotactile amplitude modulation Rate

Steady-State EEG and Psychophysical Measures of Multisensory...

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17h International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF)

作者： Timora, Justin R. Budd, Timothy W. Univ Newcastle Sch Psychol Brain Imaging Lab Ourimbah NSW Australia

According to the temporal principle of multisensory integration, cross-modal synchronisation of stimulus onset facilitates multisensory integration. This is typically observed as a greater response to multisensory stimulation relative to the sum of the constituent unisensory responses (i.e., super-additivity). The aim of the present study was to examine whether the temporal principle extends to the cross-modal synchrony of amplitude-modulation (AM) rate. It is well established that psychophysical sensitivity to AM stimulation is strongly influenced by AM rate where the optimum rate differs according to sensory modality. This rate-dependent sensitivity is also apparent from EEG steady-state response (SSR) activity, which becomes entrained to the stimulation rate and is thought to reflect neural processing of the temporal characteristics of AM stimulation. In this study we investigated whether cross-modal congruence of AM rate reveals both psychophysical and EEG evidence of enhanced multisensory integration. To achieve this, EEG SSR and psychophysical sensitivity to simultaneous acoustic and/or vibrotactile AM stimuli were measured at cross-modally congruent and incongruent AM rates. While the results provided no evidence of superadditive multisensory SSR activity or psychophysical sensitivity, the complex pattern of results did reveal a consistent correspondence between SSR activity and psychophysical sensitivity to AM stimulation. This indicates that entrained EEG activity may provide a direct measure of cortical activity underlying multisensory integration. Consistent with the temporal principle of multisensory integration, increased vibrotactile SSR responses and psychophysical sensitivity were found for cross-modally congruent relative to incongruent AM rate. However, no corresponding increase in auditory SSR or psychophysical sensitivity was observed for cross-modally congruent AM rates. This complex pattern of results can be understood in terms of the likely in

关键词： Temporal processing steady-state response amplitude modulation detection electroencephalography psychophysics cross-modal temporal congruence auditory vibrotactile

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Transmission of Temporal Information Through the Auditory Pathway Measured with Cochlear-Implant Stimulation

Transmission of Temporal Information Through the Auditory Pa...

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作者： Kirby, Alana E University of Michigan

学位级别：doctor

Cochlear implants provide the sensation of hearing to deaf individuals through electric stimulation of the auditory nerve. Environmental sounds are band-pass filtered, and the envelope of each frequency band is used to modulate electric pulse trains that are presented through electrodes along the cochlea. Selection of cochlear-implant processing-strategy parameters influences how temporal information is transmitted to the listener. Increasing the rate of the pulsatile carrier has been hypothesized to improve temporal acuity, which is important for speech recognition. We used cochlear-implant stimulation to measure cortical coding of temporal features of the stimulus envelope. We tested the effect of pulse rates from 254-4069 pps on three measures of temporal acuity: gap detection, forward masking, and amplitude-modulation *** observed that gap-detection thresholds decreased with increasing pulse rate in awake and anesthetized animals. We measured forward masking, the suppression of a probe sound by a preceding masker, and observed two exponential components of recovery from forward masking. Based on their time constants, we attributed the rapid component to the auditory nerve and the longer component, which was stronger at lower pulse rates, to a central auditory center. We concluded that shorter gap-detection thresholds at higher pulse rates resulted from reduced forward masking. In awake animals, we observed responses to a variety of gap features. OFF-responses to the pre-gap marker contributed to gap-detection thresholds at the lowest pulse rate, in conditions for which the ON-response to the post-gap marker was *** measured the synchrony of cortical responses to 10.6- and 21.2-Hz sinusoidal amplitude modulation on one cochlear-implant electrode in the presence of a simultaneous, interleaved stimulus on another electrode. We hypothesized that higher pulse rates and shorter inter-pulse-train delays would maximize interference between the two

关键词： Cochlear Implants Temporal Acuity Gap detection Forward Masking amplitude modulation detection Electric Hearing Neurosciences Otolaryngology Physiology Health Sciences Science

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Spectrotemporal modulation Sensitivity in Cochlear-Implant and Normal-Hearing Listeners: Is the Performance Driven by Temporal or Spectral modulation Sensitivity?

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TRENDS IN HEARING 2020年第24期24卷 2331216520948385页

作者： Zhou, Ning Dixon, Susannah Zhu, Zhen Dong, Lixue Weiner, Marti East Carolina Univ Dept Commun Sci & Disorders 3310Y Hlth Sci Bldg Greenville NC 27858 USA East Carolina Univ Dept Engn Greenville NC 27858 USA

This study examined the contribution of temporal and spectral modulation sensitivity to discrimination of stimuli modulated in both the time and frequency domains. The spectrotemporally modulated stimuli contained spectral ripples that shifted systematically across frequency over time at a repetition rate of 5 Hz. As the ripple density increased in the stimulus, modulation depth of the 5 Hz amplitude modulation (AM) reduced. Spectrotemporal modulation discrimination was compared with subjects' ability to discriminate static spectral ripples and the ability to detect slow AM. The general pattern from both the cochlear implant (CI) and normal hearing groups showed that spectrotemporal modulation thresholds were correlated more strongly with AM detection than with static ripple discrimination. CI subjects' spectrotemporal modulation thresholds were also highly correlated with speech recognition in noise, when partialing out static ripple discrimination, but the correlation was not significant when partialing out AM detection. The results indicated that temporal information was more heavily weighted in spectrotemporal modulation discrimination, and for CI subjects, it was AM sensitivity that drove the correlation between spectrotemporal modulation thresholds and speech recognition. The results suggest that for the rates tested here, temporal information processing may limit performance more than spectral information processing in both CI users and normal hearing listeners.

关键词： spectrotemporal modulation amplitude modulation detection spectral ripple discrimination

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