This paper proposes new methods for analyzing image sequences and updating textures of the three-dimensional (3-D) facial model. The paper also describes a method for synthesizing various facial expressions. These thr...
详细信息
This paper proposes new methods for analyzing image sequences and updating textures of the three-dimensional (3-D) facial model. The paper also describes a method for synthesizing various facial expressions. These three methods are the key technologies for the model-based image coding system. The input image analysis technique directly and robustly estimates the 3-D head motions and the facial expressions without two-dimensional (2-D) any entity correspondences. This technique resolves the 2-D correspondence mismatch errors and provides quality reproduction of the original images by fully incorporating the synthesis rules. To verify analysis algorithm, the paper performs quantitative and subjective evaluations. The paper presents two methods for updating the texture of the facial model to improve the quality of the synthesized images. The first method focuses on the facial parts with large change of the brightness according to the various facial expressions for saving of the transmission bit rates. On the other hand, the second method focuses on all changes of brightness caused by the 3-D head motions as well as the facial expressions. The transmission bit rates are estimated according to the update methods. For synthesizing the output images, the paper describes rules that simulate the facial muscular actions because the muscles cause the facial expressions. These rules more easily synthesize the high-quality facial images that represent the various facial expressions. Now, the 34 rules for the muscular actions have been developed.
Distributed software systems are pervasive today and they are increasingly developed/deployed to meet the growing needs for scalable computing. Given their critical roles in modern information infrastructures, assurin...
详细信息
Distributed software systems are pervasive today and they are increasingly developed/deployed to meet the growing needs for scalable computing. Given their critical roles in modern information infrastructures, assuring the quality of distributed software is crucial. As a fundamental methodology for software quality assurance in general, program analysis underlies a range of techniques and tools for constructing and assuring distributed systems. Yet to this date there remains a lack of systematical understandings of what have been done and how far we are in the field of program analysis for distributed systems. To gain a comprehensive and coherent view of this area hence inform relevant future research, this paper provides a systematic literature review of the (1) technical approaches, including analysis methodology, modality, underlying representation, algorithmic design, data utilized, and scope, (2) applications, with respect to the quality aspects served, and (3) evaluation, including the datasets and metrics considered, of various program analyses in the domain of distributed software in the past 30 years (1995–2024). In addition to knowledge systematization, we also extend our insights into the limitations of and challenges faced by current technique and evaluation designs, which shed light on potentially promising future research directions.
暂无评论