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analytic hierarchy process rank reversals: causes and solutions

ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2025年第2期346卷 1785-1809页

作者： Tu, Jiancheng Wu, Zhibin Sichuan Univ Business Sch 24South Sect 1Yihuan Rd Chengdu 610065 Sichuan Peoples R China

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been widely used. However, since the early 1980 s, the rank reversals resulting from the addition or deletion of alternatives have attracted criticism. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the causes and solutions to AHP rank reversals. First, we find that the intransitive preference and the prioritization methods cause rank reversals in single pairwise comparison matrices, and we present an optimization model for obtaining the priority vector with minimal rank violations and logarithmic square errors. The applicability and shortcomings of existing revised AHP models are then analyzed to determine the causes of rank reversal in distributive AHP, ideal AHP, and multiplicative AHP, which are respectively found to be inconsistency, the prioritization methods, and the aggregation rules. Finally, when the collective pairwise comparison matrix is intransitive, a modification suggestion is generated using an optimization model based on minimizing the number of reversed preferences and the amount of change in preferences.

关键词： analytic hierarchy process Rank reversal Consistency Prioritization methods

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Risk analysis of domino effect of leakage accident of petrochemical pipeline based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy fault tree analysis

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SAFETY SCIENCE 2025年 187卷

作者： Diao, Xu Jiang, Juncheng Mebarki, Ahmed Ni, Lei Duo, Yingquan Chen, Sining Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Shengzhu China Acad Safety Sci & Technol Beijing 100012 Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Safey Sci & Engn Nanjing 211816 Peoples R China Univ Gustave Eiffel Lab Multi Scale & Simulat MSME UPEC CNRSUMR 8208 5 Blvd Descartes Marne F-77454 Marne La Vallee France

Pipeline transportation is a prevalent method for the conveyance of petrochemical fluids. Pipeline leakage can lead to severe consequences, such as fire or explosion accidents. Unlike traditional methods, which take pipeline leakage/failure as the top event of fault tree analysis (FTA), this paper studies the domino effect of pipeline leakage with the top event of the fire or explosion accident caused by petrochemical pipeline leakage. The risk assessment is based on the hybrid method combining the Analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy theory. AHP is established to evaluate the ability of experts and fuzzy theory is used to convert the experts' opinions into occurrence probabilities of basic events. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by performing a risk assessment in a long-distance oil pipeline. Qualitative analysis results based on the structural importance indicated that the formation condition of the combustible mixture has the largest structural importance. Quantitative analysis results showed that the proposed method, based on AHP and fuzzy theory, can evaluate the risk of the pipeline domino effect, which can be used to support risk management and decision-making for petrochemical pipelines.

关键词： Risk analysis Petrochemical pipeline Fault tree analysis analytic hierarchy process Fuzzy theory

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Physical Appearance Design Evaluation of Community Emotional Healing Installations Based on analytic hierarchy process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

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BUILDINGS 2025年第5期15卷 773-773页

作者： Gao, Tanhao Bernstein, Phillip Tongji Univ Coll Design & Innovat Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Yale Univ Sch Architecture New Haven CT 06510 USA

An increasing number of residents are burdened with psychological pressure, and the majority of them refuse to seek professional mental help, falling to a "silent majority" of the untreated. This "silent majority" lives in every corner of cities, and public installations scattered in various spaces have the potential to become community emotional healing touchpoints. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for emotional healing installations. This research establishes a physical appearance evaluation system for healing installations based on affinity analysis, thereby combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) to construct data matrixes and quantitative analysis. The AHP results revealed some trends, including that placing environment is the most critical design indicator for healing installations, saturation is more closely associated with healing than color temperature, and small-scale installations have better healing efficacy. FCE ranked the combined weights of design indicators and revealed preference differences between Western and Eastern scholars regarding emotional healing. Eastern scholars show a clear preference for low-saturation colors and place significant emphasis on the multifunctionality of healing installations. Meanwhile, Western scholars have a stronger inclination toward healing shapes. Furthermore, this research conducts cross-category analysis and sensitive analysis to provide rigorous foundations for future healing research and offer guidance to future designers in healing installation design.

关键词： emotional healing installation analytic hierarchy process fuzzy comprehensive evaluation physical appearance indicators

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Evaluating indicators of sustainable building construction in Ghana using analytic hierarchy process

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-ENGINEERING SUSTAINABILITY 2025年

作者： Iddi, Fawan Issah Padala, S. P. Sreenivas MS Ramaiah Univ Appl Sci Dept Civil Engn Bangalore India

In Ghana, construction is a cornerstone behind development and economic growth. The construction industry contributes nearly 10% of the country's gross domestic product and employs 7% of its population. However, similar to the global situation, current construction activities continue to endanger the environment thereby hampering progress toward achieving sustainable development. This study involved identifying relevant indicators that can be used to assess the sustainable performance of buildings in Ghana. With the aid of industry experts through in-person interview sessions, these indicators were grouped under seven main categories - management, energy, design, environmental impacts, materials, waste, and social impacts. The ranking process was conducted using the analytic hierarchy process approach. Pairwise comparisons were done between categories based on the Saaty Relative Importance Index, and judgment consistency was tested to avoid inconsistencies. The findings highlight the necessity for indicators such as quality control, energy sources, local infrastructure improvement, usage of renewable materials in construction, compliance with environmental legislation and building codes, disposal of chemical wastes, and local employment to be prioritized for sustainable construction to be achieved in Ghana.

关键词： analytic hierarchy process buildings, structures and design built environment construction multi-criteria decision-making sustainable building sustainable construction UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities

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Fundamental Usability Evaluation in Visualization: Integrating Nielsen's Principles and the analytic hierarchy process

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2025年

作者： Liu, Zhiping Yang, Yijun Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China

In information visualization, rapidly expanding data volumes and increasingly complex user interactions highlight the urgent need for systematic usability evaluations. This research introduces and validates an innovative framework that integrates Nielsen's Ten Usability Principles with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), transforming qualitative usability heuristics into quantifiable and reproducible metrics. The two-stage evaluation first engaged 30 experts in pairwise comparisons to derive AHP-based weights, which were applied to assess five electrocardiogram (ECG) visualization systems. Subsequent surveys of 200 general users validated the framework, revealing a strong correlation between expert-weighted scores and user evaluations. Results confirm the framework's efficacy in reducing evaluator bias, enhancing reproducibility, and prioritizing critical design elements. Merging qualitative and quantitative analyses ensures rigorous, objective insights for iterative interface refinement. The methodology provides actionable guidance for designers and researchers addressing data-intensive visualization challenges, demonstrating its potential to advance usability evaluation practices in healthcare analytics and beyond.

关键词： Visualization usability evaluation analytic hierarchy process

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Optimizing Feedstock Selection for Sustainable Small-Scale Biogas Systems Using the analytic hierarchy process

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ENERGIES 2025年第7期18卷 1739-1739页

作者： Ngetuny, Joshua Baldauf, Tobias Zoerner, Wilfried TH Ingolstadt THI Inst New Energy Syst InES Esplanade 10 D-85049 Ingolstadt Germany Tech Univ Kenya TUK Dept Chem & Proc Engn POB 52428-00200 Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale biogas systems can play a pivotal role in sustainable energy provision, particularly in developing countries. However, their dependence on livestock manure as the only feedstock poses challenges to their adoption and long-term viability. This often leads to insufficient biogas production and plant abandonment. This study proposes co-digestion of livestock manure with other farm residues to enhance the technical sustainability of small-scale biogas systems by ensuring adequate and consistent biogas production throughout the plant's lifespan, minimizing the risks associated with reliance on a single feedstock. A novel feedstock selection approach is developed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multicriteria decision-making method, to prioritize feedstocks based on adequacy, supply consistency, and logistical ease. AHP is chosen due to its capability to handle both quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria. This approach is applied to the F & egrave;s-Mekn & egrave;s region of Morocco, which offers abundant livestock and crop residues alongside product utilization pathways. The prioritization and ranking of the potential feedstocks identified in the region reveals cattle manure as the top-ranked feedstock due to its consistent supply and ease of collection, followed by straw, valued for its storability and nutrient stability. Sheep, horse, and chicken manure ranked third, fourth, and fifth, respectively, while household food waste and fruit and vegetable residues, limited by seasonality and perishability, were ranked lower. Based on these findings, co-digestion of cattle manure and straw is proposed as a sustainable strategy for small-scale biogas plants in F & egrave;s-Mekn & egrave;s, addressing feedstock shortages, enhancing biogas production, and reducing plant abandonment. This approach strengthens technical sustainability and promotes the broader adoption of biogas technologies in developing countries.

关键词： small-scale biogas analytic hierarchy process systematic approach sustainability of biogas systems biogas plant feedstock selection biogas in developing countries agricultural residues

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Integrating Kansei Engineering, analytic hierarchy process, and Quality Function Development in Elderly-Oriented Seating Design

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BIORESOURCES 2025年第1期20卷 465-481页

作者： Xiong, Tingting Shu, Quanfa Li, Xuyi Fan, Yuting Qiu, Jing Nanchang Univ Sch Architecture & Design Nanchang Peoples R China

To deeply understand the psychological and emotional needs of the elderly population, this study proposes a seat design method combining function development (QFD). The method aims to fulfill the functional needs of the seat and focuses on capturing the emotional imagery of the elderly group, thus enhancing the emotional experience of the users. Factor analysis (FA) was used to conceptualize the user's perceptual vocabulary data, AHP to assess the relative importance of these perceptual words, and morphological analysis to deconstruct the characteristics of the seat components. Finally, the mapping relationship between user perceptual data and design features was established through QFD. The FA and AHP results showed that the emotional needs of the elderly for seating are primarily focused on the sense of lightness (32.5%), simplicity (45.7%), and sophistication (21.8%);and QFD analysis results show that among seating components, the No. 6 seat back, No. 1 seat cushion, No. 2 door post, and No. 2 seat leg have the highest importance and can best meet the emotional needs of elderly users. This design method effectively improves the product's suitability for the elderly and provides a valuable reference for related product design.

关键词： Elderly population Furniture design Kansei Engineering analytic hierarchy process Quality Function Development

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A method for optimizing different geometric shields of D-T neutron generators by combining BP neural network and analytic hierarchy process

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 307卷

作者： Li, Jiayu Jing, Shiwei Cai, Jingfei Xu, Hailong Sun, Pingwei Cao, Yingying Jiang, Shangrui Jia, Shaolei Lu, Zhaohu Li, Guanghao Northeast Normal Univ Sch Phys Changchun 130024 Peoples R China

In this paper, an optimization of shielding structures with different geometries is established for the D-T neutron generator system by combining Back Propagation (BP) neural network and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The D-T neutron generator (Model NG-9) used in the system was developed independently by Northeast Normal University. After investigating the rule of shielding performance among spherical, cylindrical and cubic geometries, the spherical shield is selected for BP neural network prediction to determine the total dose rate through it. Information about spherical multilayer-shielding structures and properties calculated by MCNP code is used to train the neural network. The predicted result serves as a parameter of the evaluation function, which provides a comprehensive assessment of the dose rate penetrated the shield, the shielding mass, and the shielding volume. Together with AHP, the weight factors are determined for all the optimization objectives to construct the evaluation function. By comparing its values, the optimal shielding structures for spherical, cylindrical and cubic materials are found. Against MCNP simulated values, the total dose rates' errors of the optimal shielding structures for the sphere, cylinder, and cube are 1.72 %,-4.94 %, and-5.17 %, respectively. This result demonstrates that the combination of BP neural network and AHP is more effective in addressing multi-objective optimization problems related to the design of radiation shielding for various geometries.

关键词： BP neural network analytic hierarchy process Shielding design D -T neutron generator

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Selection of the best alternative of railway traction for passenger transportation using the analytic hierarchy process method distributive and ideal modes

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART F-JOURNAL OF RAIL AND RAPID TRANSIT 2025年

作者： Sivilevicius, Henrikas Maskeliunaite, Lijana Meilus, Laurynas Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ Fac Transport Engn Transport & Logist Competence Ctr Vilnius Lithuania Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ Fac Transport Engn Dept Mobile Machinery & Railway Transport Plytines Str 25 LT-10105 Vilnius Lithuania

The rail industry uses a variety of traction types for passenger transport, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The renewal and development of a country's rolling stock is aimed at selecting the optimal strategy and practical means to achieve the best result. A quantitative analysis of the different rail traction alternatives and the selection of the best alternative allows the optimal development strategy to be identified. The aim of this study is to present a methodology for assessing the quality criteria of traction rolling stock for rail passenger transport and to select the best traction alternative based on these criteria. This study has developed a framework of nine factors (criteria) that affect the quality (serviceability) of rolling stock. The significance of the criteria in terms of their normalised relative weights was calculated using rank correlation and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The study used the judgements of 22 experts whose opinions were in agreement. The AHP method was used to compare four types of traction for each criterion: diesel (DT), electric contact (ET), battery electric (BT) and hydrogen (HT). The novelty of research - distributive and ideal modes of the AHP method were used to evaluate all types of traction for selection the best alternative among them according to the original formulae provided by the authors. The results show that the agreed opinions of the expert team, expressed as normalised relative weights, have the highest mean values for ET (0.3866 and 0.3808). The second highest ranking is for BT (0.2164 and 0.2239). DT (0.2160 and 0.2060) is not far behind. The lowest ranking is that of HT (0.1810 and 0.1893). It can therefore be concluded that ET is the best traction alternative for passenger transport. The results of the study may prove useful for decision makers in the field of rolling stock fleet development strategy and dynamics.

关键词： Railway traction passenger transportation quality criteria alternative multi-criteria decision-making analytic hierarchy process distributive mode ideal mode

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Multi-Attribute Decision-Making: Scaling Issues in Pairwise Comparison Approaches Based on the analytic hierarchy process

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING 2025年

作者： Leleur, Steen Barfod, Michael Bruhn Panagakos, George Tech Univ Denmark Dept Technol Management & Econ Akad Vej 358 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been the subject of intensive discussions over the past decades. The multiplicative AHP (MAHP) was developed to deal with issues regarding the scale and aggregation procedure but has never achieved the same popularity. Both methods represent pairwise comparison processes (PCPs) based on a numerical scale with associated verbal definitions. However, they process the comparisons differently, leading to different results. This paper uses an empirical study to examine whether the original AHP's results are generally more acceptable than MAHP's. This leads to a review of principles relating to different scales based on comparative judgments, and finally, a revised scale parameter for MAHP is proposed. The participants in the empirical study are presented with the results of this alternative MAHP (A-MAHP). The results reveal that the A-MAHP - overcoming some theoretical issues discussed in this paper - should be considered for practical use. Thus, an innovative finding is that A-MAHP may serve as a proxy for AHP and accommodate users accustomed to this well-known method. Finally, perspectives are set out for future work.

关键词： Multiple criteria decision analysis analytic hierarchy process decision support systems decision processes AHP proxy

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