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Analysis on a mobile agent-based algorithm for network routing and management

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2003年第3期14卷 193-202页

作者： Sum, J Shen, H Leung, CS Young, G Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Grad Sch Informat Sci Tatsunokuchi Ishikawa 9231292 Japan City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona Dept Comp Sci Pomona CA 91768 USA

ant routing is a method for network routing in the agent technology. Although its effectiveness and efficiency have been demonstrated and reported in the literature, its properties have not yet been well studied. This paper presents some preliminary analysis on an ant algorithm in regard to its population growing property and jumping behavior. For synchronous networks, three main results are shown. First, the expected number of agents in a node is shown to be no more than (1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\})km, where \Omega(i)\ is the number of neighboring hosts of the ith host, k is the number of agents generated per request, and m is the average number of requests. Second, the expected number of jumps of an agent is shown to be no larger than (1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\}). Third, it is shown that for all p greater than or equal to (1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\})km, the probability of the number of agents in a node exceeding p is not greater than integral(p)(infinity) P(x)dx, where P(x) is a normal distribution function with mean and variance given by Mean = (1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\})km,Var. = 2km(1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\}) + (km(2)(1 + max(i){\Omega(i)\})(2) / (1+2 max(i){\Omega(i)\}). The first two results are also valid for the case when the network is operated in asynchronous mode. All these results conclude that as long as the value max(i){\Omega(i)\}) is known, the practitioner is able to design the algorithm parameters, such as the number of agents being created for each request, k, and the maximum allowable number of jumps of an agent, in order to meet the network constraint.

关键词： mobile agents routing algorithms networking routing ant algorithm

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Evolutionary Cryptography Theory-Based Generating Method for Secure ECs

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2017年第5期22卷 499-510页

作者： Chao Wang Feng Hu Huanguo Zhang Jie Wu the Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks School of Communication and Information EngineeringShanghai University the Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple University the Key Lab of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Wuhan University

ant Colony Optimization （AGO） has the character of positive feedback, distributed searching, and greedy searching. It is applicable to optimization grouping problems. Traditional cryptographic research is mainly based on pure mathematical methods which have complicated theories and algorithm. It seems that there is no relationship between cryptography and ACO. Actually, some problems in cryptography are due to optimization grouping problems that could be improved using an evolutionary algorithm. Therefore, this paper presents a new method of solving secure curve selection problems using ACO. We improved Complex Multiplication （CM） by combining Evolutionary Cryptography Theory with Weber polynomial solutions. We found that ACO makes full use of valid information generated from factorization and allocates computing resource reasonably. It greatly increases the performance of Weber polynomial solutions. Compared with traditional CM, which can only search one root once time, our new method searches all roots of the polynomial once, and the average time needed to search for one root reduces rapidly. The more roots are searched, the more ECs are obtained.

关键词： ECs Weber polynomial evolutionary algorithm ant algorithm complex multiplication

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A comparison of nature inspired algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem

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BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-TECHNICAL SCIENCES 2017年第4期65卷 513-522页

作者： Chmiel, W. Kadluczka, P. Kwiecien, J. Filipowicz, B. AGH Univ Sci & Technol 30 Mickiewicza Ave PL-30059 Krakow Poland

This paper presents an application of the ant algorithm and bees algorithm in optimization of QAP problem as an example of NP-hard optimization problem. The experiments with two types of algorithms: the bees algorithm and the ant algorithm were performed for the test instances of the quadratic assignment problem from QAPLIB, designed by Burkard, Karisch and Rendl. On the basis of the experiments results, an influence of particular elements of algorithms, including neighbourhood size and neighbourhood search method, will be determined.

关键词： permutation problem quadratic assignment problem ant algorithm bees algorithm

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algorithms for degree-constrained Euclidean Steiner minimal tree

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2008年第4期19卷 735-741页

作者： Zhang Jin Ma Liang Zhang Liantang School of Management Univ. of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China Computer and Information Engineering Coll. Univ. of Henan Kaifeng 475001 P. R. China

A new problem of degree-constrained Euclidean Steiner minimal tree is discussed, which is quite useful in several fields. Although it is slightly different from the traditional degree-constrained minimal spanning tree, it is also NP-hard. Two intelligent algorithms are proposed in an attempt to solve this difficult problem. Series of numerical examples are tested, which demonstrate that the algorithms also work well in practice.

关键词： degree-constrained Euclidean Steiner minimal tree simulated annealing ant algorithm

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Gathering identical autonomous systems on a circle using stigmergy

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DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 2012年第6期25卷 461-472页

作者： Kozlov, Dmitry N. Univ Bremen Dept Math D-28334 Bremen Germany

In this paper we provide a protocol solving the problem of gathering of identical autonomous systems (aka ants) on a circle. In our biologically inspired model the autonomous systems are unable to communicate directly, instead they employ the mechanism of pheromone marking. The gathering on a circle is not always solvable, however our protocol will terminate in finite time if ants are in a general initial position. Since the gathering problem on a line is unsolvable for obvious reasons for any non-degenerate initial position, this implies that if the ants are in generic initial position they will be able to decide in finite time whether they are on a line or on a circle. We give asymptotic bounds for the time our protocol needs to terminate, and show that for fixed number of ants, the termination time of any protocol can be arbitrarily long. Finally, our protocol may be adopted to the case of asynchronous drop-downs and starting times of the autonomous systems.

关键词： Distributed algorithm Protocol Gathering problem Swarm intelligence Pheromone communication Geometric algorithm ant algorithm

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An innovative automated storage and retrieval system for B2C e-commerce logistics

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2010年第1-4期48卷 297-305页

作者： Hu, Kuan-Yu Chang, Tian-Sheng Tajen Univ Dept Mkt & Distribut Management Yan Pu Hsiang 907 Pingtung Taiwan Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Management Innovat & Technol Pingtung Taiwan

Flexible and timely warehousing activities provide a strong foundation for logistic systems. However, increasing B2C e-commerce with a variety of small internet orders may have a tremendous impact on warehousing. Automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RSs) are a valid alternative for warehousing. Typical AS/RSs design and control problems in a static environment and cannot effectively manage parcel, small, and irregular items. This study proposes a new AS/RS that is more efficient and flexible for handling B2C e-commerce logistics. An auto-access multilevel conveying device (IMCD) with three-dimensional movement is integrated into the AS/RS. The ant colony system algorithm locates near-optimal routes for the IMCD. Typical travel distance/time measures evaluate the performance of an S/R device running on a warehouse floor. However, the performance index in this study looks at the IMCD's travel time with three-dimensional movement in completing a batch order. To validate the new AS/RS, two simulation experiments were conducted to examine the effects of three-dimensional velocity and rack shape. Finally, this study compares a typical S/R system with the new AS/RS and makes recommendations for practical applications and further research.

关键词： E-commerce logistic Automated storage and retrieval system Material handling device ant algorithm

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ants can colour graphs

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JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 1997年第3期48卷 295-305页

作者： Costa, D Hertz, A ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE DEPT MATHF-1015 LAUSANNESWITZERLAND

In the last few years researchers have shown how insect colonies can be seen as a natural model of collective problem solving. The analogy between the behaviour of ants looking for food and the well known travelling salesman problem has recently given rise to promising solution methods. We present in this paper an evolutionary search procedure for tackling assignment type problems. The algorithm repeatedly constructs feasible solutions of the problem under study by taking account of two complementary notions, namely the trace factor and the desirability factor. The use of such search principles will be illustrated for graph colouring problems. The results obtained have proven satisfactory when compared with those existing in the literature.

关键词： ant algorithm assignment type problem collective performance evolutionary method graph colouring

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Of robot ants and elephants: A computational comparison

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2011年第41期412卷 5771-5788页

作者： Shiloni, Asaf Agmon, Noa Kaminka, Gal A. Bar Ilan Univ Dept Comp Sci MAVERICK Grp IL-52100 Ramat Gan Israel

In the robotics community, there exist implicit assumptions concerning the computational capabilities of robots. Two computational classes of robots emerge as focal points of recent research: robot ants and robot elephants. ants have poor memory and communication capabilities, but are able to communicate using pheromones, in effect, turning their work area into a shared memory. By comparison, elephants are computationally stronger, have large memory, and are equipped with strong sensing and communication capabilities. Unfortunately, not much is known about the relation between the capabilities of these models in terms of the tasks they can address. In this paper, we present formal models of both ants and elephants, and investigate if one dominates the other. We present two algorithms: antEater, which allows elephant robots to execute ant algorithms and ElephantGun, which converts elephant algorithms - specified as Turing machines - into ant algorithms. By exploring the computational capabilities of these algorithms, we reach interesting conclusions regarding the computational power of both models. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pheromones Memory Deficits Work area computational power ants communications capability Religious Missions ant algorithm large memory shared memory algorithms Robot Automata theory-Turing machines Elephants

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Minimisation of the Energy Expenditure of Electric Vehicles in Municipal Service Companies, Taking into Account the Uncertainty of Charging Point Operation

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ENERGIES 2024年第9期17卷 2179页

作者： Izdebski, Mariusz Jacyna, Marianna Bogdanski, Jerzy Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Transport PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

This article presents an original method for minimising the energy expenditure of electric vehicles used in municipal service undertakings, taking into account the uncertainty in the functioning of their charging points. The uncertainty of the charging points' operation was presented as the probability of the occurrence of an emergency situation hindering a point's operation, e.g., a breakdown or lack of energy supply. The problem is how to calculate the driving routes of electric vehicles so that they will arrive at charging points at times at which there is a minimal probability of breakdowns. The second aspect of this problem to be solved is that the designated routes are supposed to ensure the minimum energy expenditure that is needed for the vehicles to complete the tasks assigned. The developed method is based on two heuristic algorithms, i.e., the ant algorithm and genetic algorithms. These algorithms work in a hybrid combination, i.e., the ant algorithm generates the initial population for the genetic algorithm. An important element of this method is the decision-making model for defining the driving routes of electric vehicles with various restrictions, e.g., their battery capacity or the permissible risk of charging point breakdown along the routes of the vehicles. The criterion function of the model was defined as the minimisation of the energy expenditure needed by the vehicles to perform their transport tasks. The method was verified against real-life data, and its effectiveness was confirmed. The authors presented a method of calibrating the developed optimisation algorithms. Theoretical distributions of the probability of charging point failure were determined based on the Statistica 13 program, while a graphical implementation of the method was carried out using the PTV Visum 23 software.

关键词： electric vehicles energy expenditure ant algorithm genetic algorithm

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SIMiner: A Stigmergy-Based Model for Mining Influential Nodes in Dynamic Social Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIG DATA 2019年第2期5卷 223-237页

作者： Li, Weihua Bai, Quan Zhang, Minjie Auckland Univ Technol Sch Engn Comp & Math Sci Auckland New Zealand Univ Wollongong Sch Comp & Informat Technol Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

With the widespread of the Internet, the on-line social network with big data is rapidly developing over time. Many enterprises attempt to develop their business by utilizing the power of on-line social networking platforms. A considerable amount of work has focused on how to select a set of influential users to maximize a kind of positive influence in static social networks. However, networks evolve, and the topological structure changes over time. How to mine and adapt the influencers in a dynamic and large-scale environment becomes a challenging issue. In this paper, a collective intelligence model, i.e., stigmergy-based influencers miner, is proposed to investigate influential nodes in a fully dynamic environment. The proposed model is capable of analysing influential relationships in a social network in decentralized manners and identifying the influencers more efficiently than traditional seed selection algorithms. Moreover, it is capable of adapting the solutions in complex dynamic environments without any interruptions or recalculations. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves better performance than other traditional models in both static and dynamic social networks by considering both efficiency and effectiveness.

关键词： ant algorithm stigmergy multi-agent system influence maximization

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