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Efficient parallelisation of the packet classification algorithms on multi-core central processing units using multi-threading application program interfaces

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2020年第6期14卷 313-321页

作者： Abbasi, Mahdi Rafiee, Milad Bu Ali Sina Univ Engn Fac Dept Comp Engn Hamadan Hamadan Iran

The categorisation of network packets according to multiple parameters such as sender and receiver addresses is called packet classification. Packet classification lies at the core of Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based network applications. Due to the increasing speed of network traffic, there is an urgent need for packet classification at higher speeds. Although it is possible to accelerate packet classification algorithms through hardware implementation, this solution imposes high costs and offers limited development capacity. On the other hand, current software methods to solve this problem are relatively slow. A practical solution to this problem is to parallelise packet classification using multi-core processors. In this study, the Thread, parallel patterns library (PPL), open multi-processing (OpenMP), and threading building blocks (TBB) libraries are examined and implemented to parallelise three packet classification algorithms, i.e. tuple space search, tuple pruning search, and hierarchical tree. According to the results, the type of algorithm and rulesets may influence the performance of parallelisation libraries. In general, the TBB-based method shows the best performance among parallelisation libraries due to using a theft mechanism and can accelerate the classification process up to 8.3 times on a system with a quad-core processor.

关键词： multi-threading application program interfaces telecommunication traffic parallel programming software libraries pattern classification multiprocessing systems packet switching parallelisation libraries classification process packet classification algorithms multicore central processing units multithreading application program interfaces network packets SDN-based network applications multicore processors open multiprocessing

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Representing linear algebra algorithms in code: The FLAME application program interfaces

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE 2005年第1期31卷 27-59页

作者： Bientinesi, P Quintana-Orti, ES Van De Geijn, RA Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Jaume 1 Dept Ingn & Ciencia Comp Castellon de La Plana 12071 Spain

In this article, we present a number of application program interfaces (APIs) for coding linear algebra algorithms. On the surface, these APIs, for the MATLAB M-script and C programming languages appear to be simple, almost trivial,. extensions of those languages. Yet with them, the task of programming and maintaining families of algorithms for a broad spectrum of linear algebra operations is greatly simplified. In combination with our Formal Linear Algebra Method Environment (FLAME) approach to deriving such families of algorithms, dozens of algorithms for a single linear algebra operation can be derived, verified to be correct, implemented, and tested, often in a matter of minutes per algorithm. Since the algorithms are expressed in code much like they are explained in a classroom setting, these APIs become not just a tool for implementing libraries, but also a valuable tool for teaching the algorithms that are incorporated in the libraries. In combination with an extension of the Parallel Linear Algebra Package (PLAPACK) API, the approach presents a migratory path from algorithm to MATLAB implementation to high-performance sequential implementation to parallel implementation. Finally, the APIs are being used, to create a repository of algorithms and implementations for linear algebra operations, the FLAME Interface REpository (FIRE), which already features hundreds of algorithms,for dozens of commonly encountered linear algebra operations.

关键词： algorithms design theory performance application program interfaces formal derivation linear algebra high-performance libraries

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Mining Stack Overflow for API class recommendation using DOC2VEC and LDA

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IET SOFTWARE 2021年第5期15卷 308-322页

作者： Lee, Wai Keat Su, Moon Ting Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Dept Software Engn Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

To address the lexical gaps between natural language (NL) queries and application programming Interface (API) documentations, and between NL queries and programme code, this study developed a novel approach for recommending Java API classes that are relevant to the program ming tasks described in NL queries. A Doc2Vec model was trained using question titles mined from Stack Overflow. The model was used to find question titles that are semantically similar to a query. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling was applied on the Java API classes (extracted from code snippets found in the accepted answers of these similar questions) to extract a single topic comprising of the Top-10 Java API classes that are relevant to the query. The benchmarking of the proposed approach against state-of-the-art approaches, RACK and NLP2API, by using four performance metrics show that it is possible to produce comparable API recommendation results using a less complex approach that makes use of some basic machine learning models, in particular, Doc2Vec and LDA. The approach was implemented in a Java API class recommender with an Eclipse IDE's plug-in serving as the front-end.

关键词： application program interfaces data mining document handling Java learning (artificial intelligence) natural language processing query processing

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Malware Detection Algorithm Based on the Attention Mechanism and ResNet

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2020年第6期29卷 1054-1060页

作者： WANG Lele WANG Binqiang ZHAO Peipei LIU Ruyi LIU Jiangang MIAO Qiguang Institute of Information Technology Information Engineering University School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Nanjing Institute of Information Technology

The cost of misclassifying a malware program as normal is often higher than that of misclassifying a normal program as ***,how to improve the detection accuracy of malware programs is a very important *** paper proposes a deep learning malware program detection algorithm based on attention *** 2 Vec model is used to map the application programming interface(API) into word vectors,and all word vectors of each sample are arranged into a matrix with the same *** this basis,residual network is used to extract features of *** features are input into the attention mechanism to learn the similarity between ***,the features are weighted with the similarity to obtain the new features with better *** new features and the original features are added element by element to obtain the sample features more suitable for ***,samples are classified by *** show that the classification effect of the proposed method is better than that of the traditional machine learning method.

关键词： application program interfaces feature extraction invasive software learning (artificial intelligence) pattern classification text analysis machine learning method API deep learning malware program detection accuracy normal program malware detection algorithm sample features word vectors application programming interface word2Vec model attention mechanism Malware program Word2Vec Residual network structure Self-attention mechanism

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Organising the knowledge from stack overflow about location-sensing of Android applications

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IET SOFTWARE 2020年第3期14卷 221-233页

作者： Chinnakali, Marimuthu Palisetti, Sanjana Chandrasekaran, K. Natl Inst Technol Karnataka Dept Comp Sci & Engn Mangalore Karnataka India

The number of Android applications using location information has increased significantly in recent years. Over time, there have been many improvements made to the location application programme interfaces (APIs), providing newer challenges and difficulties to the developers. Therefore, there is a need to summarise the existing knowledge and to highlight the unsolved issues to bring them to the attention of expert developers. The authors used the non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) method to identify the topics discussed by the developers on stack overflow. They found the following ten topics: fundamental, background service, global positioning system (GPS) provider, application error, location updates, programming aspects, GPS alternatives, location settings, NULL location, and location testing. In addition, they performed a manual analysis to add more qualitative insights into the results. They applied the NMF method on 3165 question posts and produced ten related topics. This study aims at organising the knowledge about location-sensing strategies by answering three relevant research questions. They also analysed the most popular and unanswered topics in recent years. An important finding of this study is that the changes that occurred in the Google Location APIs have had a significant impact on the location-sensing strategies followed by the developers.

关键词： matrix decomposition mobile computing information retrieval application program interfaces Global Positioning System location based services stack overflow Android applications location information location application programme interfaces expert developers nonnegative matrix factorisation method global positioning system provider application error location updates GPS alternatives location settings NULL location location testing NMF method location-sensing strategies popular topics unanswered topics Google location APIs GPS provider

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Managing data storage in the network

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2001年第5期5卷 50-58页

作者： Plank, JS Bassi, A Beck, M Moore, T Swany, DM Wolski, R University of Tennessee Computer Science Department Knoxville TN United States

The use of Internet backplane protocol (IBP) in enabling applications to treat the Internet as a backplane processor, is discussed. The IBP supports logistical networking to allow applications to control the movement and storage of data between nodes. IBP could be characterized as a mechanism to manage either communication buffers or remote files. It manages the path of data through both time and space. The logical backbone (Lbone) allows access to a collection of IBP depots deployed in the Internet specifically to offer network storage to applications.

关键词： Internet Protocols application program interfaces Resource Allocation Storage Management Client Server Systems Data Storage Management Internet Backplane Protocol Uniform Interface State Management Internet Networking Protocols Logistical Networking Distributed applications Processor Backplane Remote Storage Standard Internet Resources EBP API Middleware Design IBP Alpha Versions Layered Approach Memory Intelligent Networks IP Networks Buffer Storage Internet Backplanes Algorithm Design And Analysis Routing Access Protocols Communication Standards

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Web-based environment to support aerodynamic testing

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IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 2004年第1期19卷 3-11页

作者： Jenkins, SB Natl Res Council Canada Inst Aerosp Res Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

Over the past several years, a web-based environment to support aerodynamic testing has been under development at the Aerodynamics Laboratory of the. Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council of Canada. As a mechanism for interacting with users, the World Wide Web offers one significant Advantage over other, more traditional techniques: it is "easy." More specifically, it is easy to use, easy to distribute, easy to expand, easy to develop, and easy to maintain. The web-based testing environment at the Aerodynamics Laboratory currently consists of five primary applications, nine secondary applications, and a large number of web pages containing documentation, system status, and links to outside information. These resources may be accessed via "home pages" created for clients and staff. The five primary applications are a data file viewer, a plotting system, a configuration file editor, a dynamic data display system, and an event recording and display system. The secondary applications include a units conversion calculator, an electronic test specification form for use by the engineering staff, and several software support tools for use by the IT personnel.

关键词： Web sites aerodynamics aerospace simulation aerospace test facilities application program interfaces information networks user interfaces Web-based environment Web-based software aerodynamic testing support application programs configuration file editor

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Temporal composability

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COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2002年第4期13卷 156-162页

作者： Kopetz, H Obermaisser, R Tech Univ Vienna A-1060 Vienna Austria

The constructive design of dependable distributed real-time systems out of prevalidated components requires precise interface specifications of the components in the temporal domain and in the value domain. This paper focuses on the temporal specification of interfaces in composable distributed real-time systems and establishes four principles of composability, It presents the temporal firewall interface that forms a fully specified operational interface of a component. The paper explains how the temporal firewall interface supports the four principles of composability. It then classifies interfaces from the point of view of composability and shows how these interfaces correspond to the time-triggered and event-triggered communication paradigms.

关键词： formal specification constructive design temporal domain component interface specifications distributed processing real-time embedded systems temporal specification communication system performability prior service stability composable distributed real-time systems independent node development embedded systems event-triggered communication paradigm time-triggered communication paradigm Distributed systems software replica determinism subroutines fully specified operational interface General utility programs Formal methods Data security authorisation application program interfaces value domain temporal composability dependable distributed real-time systems pre-validated components software fault tolerance temporal firewall interface

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The architecture of virtual machines

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COMPUTER 2005年第5期38卷 32-+页

作者： Smith, JE Nair, R Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Madison WI 53706 USA IBM Corp TJ Watson Res Ctr Armonk NY 10504 USA

A virtual machine can support individual processes or a complete system depending on the abstraction level where virtualization occurs. Some VMs support flexible hardware usage and software isolation, while others tra... 详细信息

关键词： HW/SW interface VM taxonomy abstraction level application binary interface application program interfaces application programming interface computer architecture computer architectures disk storage formal specification hardware resources hardware-software codesign instruction set architecture multiprocessing systems multiprogramming real system software systems virtual machine architecture virtual machines virtual machines virtualization technology

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The BIG IoT API-Semantically Enabling IoT Interoperability

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IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING 2018年第4期17卷 41-51页

作者： Broring, Arne Ziller, Andreas Charpenay, Victor Thuluva, Aparna S. Anicic, Darko Schmid, Stefan Zappa, Achille Paz Linares, Mari Mikkelsen, Lars Seidel, Christian Siemens AG Munich Germany Robert Bosch GmbH Stuttgart Germany Natl Univ Ireland Galway Ireland Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Stat & Operat Res Barcelona Spain Aalborg Univ Aalborg Denmark VMZ Berlin GmbH Berlin Germany

Today, internet of things (IoT) platforms offer proprietary interfaces and protocols. To enable interoperable interaction with those platforms we present the generic BIG IoT API that employs a novel approach for self-description and semantic annotation to fully adapt arbitrary IoT platforms. We have deployed this approach for multiple platforms from the mobility domain.

关键词： application program interfaces Internet Of Things Open Systems Io T Interoperability Proprietary interfaces Interoperable Interaction Generic BIG Io T API Semantic Annotation Io T Platforms Mobility Domain Semantics Internet Of Things Ecosystems Vocabulary Interoperability Standards Protocols

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