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A Note on QR-Based Model Reduction: Algorithm, Software, and Gravitational Wave applications

COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2018年第4期20卷 10-25页

作者： Antil, Harbir Chen, Dangxing Field, Scott E. George Mason Univ Dept Math Sci Fairfax VA 22030 USA Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Math Dartmouth MA USA

While the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is optimal under certain norms, it's also expensive to compute. For large matrix sizes, the QR decomposition provides a tractable alternative. Under the assumption that it is a rank-revealing QR (RRQR), the approximation error incurred is similar to the POD error;furthermore, the authors show the existence of an RRQR with exactly the same error estimate as POD. To numerically realize an RRQR decomposition, they discuss the (iterative) modified Gram Schmidt with pivoting and reduced basis methods. They show that these two seemingly different approaches are equivalent. They then describe an MPI/OpenMP parallel code that implements one of the QR-based model reduction algorithms analyzed, and document the code's scalability for large problems, such as gravitational waves, and demonstrate excellent scalability up to 32,768 cores and, for complex dense matrices, as large as 10,000x3,276,800.

关键词： application program interfaces Approximation Theory Iterative Methods Matrix Algebra Reduced Order Systems Gravitational Wave applications Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Rank Revealing QR Approximation Error POD Error RRQR Decomposition Gram Schmidt QR Based Model Reduction Algorithms MPI Open MP Parallel Code Iterative Method Reduced Order Systems Matrix Decomposition Approximation Error Approximation Algorithms Mathematical Model Scalability Software Algorithms Supercomputers Greedy Algorithm QR Decomposition Rank Revealing Low Rank Approximations Software Supercomputing Enabled Advances In Science And Engineering

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Multidimensional array I/O in Panda 1.0

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 1996年第2期10卷 191-211页

作者： Seamons, KE Winslett, M UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT COMP SCI URBANA IL 61801 USA

Large multidimensional arrays are a common data type in high-performance scientific applications. Without special techniques for handling input and output, I/O can easily become a large fraction of execution time for applications using these arrays, especially on parallel platforms. Our research seeks to provide scientific programmers with simpler and more abstract interfaces for accessing persistent multidimensional arrays, and to produce advanced I/O libraries supporting more efficient layout alternatives for these arrays on disk and in main memory. We have created the Panda (Persistence AND Arrays) I/O library as a result of developing interfaces and libraries for applications in computational fluid dynamics in the areas of checkpoint, restart, and time-step output data. in the applications we have studied, we find that a simple, abstract interface can be used to insulate programmers from physical storage implementation details, while providing improved I/O performance at the same time.

关键词： parallel I/O collective I/O parallel file systems multidimensional arrays application program interfaces

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How API Documentation Fails

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2015年第4期32卷 68-75页

作者： Uddin, Gias Robillard, Martin P. McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ H3A 2T5 Canada Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Formal documentation can be a crucial resource for learning to how to use an API. However, producing high-quality documentation can be nontrivial. Researchers investigated how 10 common documentation problems manifested themselves in practice. The results are based on two surveys of a total of 323 professional software developers and analysis of 179 API documentation units. The three severest problems were ambiguity, incompleteness, and incorrectness of content. The respondents often mentioned six of the 10 problems as "blockers"' that forced them to use another API.

关键词： application program interfaces Learning Artificial Intelligence Software Engineering System Documentation Formal Documentation Crucial Resource Learning API Documentation Unit Documentation Software Development application programming interfaces Uniform Resource Locators Standards Databases API Documentation User Study Software Engineering Software Development

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Configurable Network Protocol Accelerator (COPA)

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IEEE MICRO 2021年第1期41卷 8-14页

作者： Krishnan, Venkata Serres, Olivier Blocksome, Michael Intel Corp Hudson MA 07749 USA

Today's field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer not only programmable acceleration capabilities but also include advanced features that are on-par with a mainstream processor platform. However, rather than being deployed as autonomous acceleration nodes, they are generally deployed as second-class citizens under the control of a standard processor platform. The configurable network protocol accelerator (COPA) framework enables FPGAs to support custom inline/lookaside accelerators and attach directly to a 100-Gb/s Ethernet network. The hardware component provides the necessary networking/accelerator infrastructure. The software component supports an open standard API that enables the integrated accelerators to be used with network communication by applications/middleware. COPA enables a truly distributed FPGA accelerator model and has been implemented on variants of Stratix10 FPGAs. The COPA framework along with example accelerator IPs has been validated with microbenchmarks as well as proxy client/server benchmarks and achieves full network bandwidth.

关键词： application program interfaces Field programmable Gate Arrays Local Area Networks Middleware Protocols Field programmable Gate Arrays Offer Not Only programmable Acceleration Capabilities Mainstream Processor Platform Autonomous Acceleration Nodes Standard Processor Platform Configurable Network Protocol Accelerator Framework Ethernet Network Open Standard API Integrated Accelerators Network Communication Truly Distributed FPGA Accelerator Model Stratix 10 FPG As COPA Framework Example Accelerator I Ps Network Bandwidth Field programmable Gate Arrays Acceleration Bandwidth Hardware Protocols Middleware Servers

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Rethinking the design of virtual machine monitors

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COMPUTER 2005年第5期38卷 57-+页

作者： Whitaker, A Cox, RS Shaw, M Gribble, SD Univ Washington Dept Comp Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA

To overcome the poor scalability and extensibility of traditional virtual machine monitors that partition a single physical machine into multiple virtual machines, the Denali VMM uses paravirtualization to promote sca... 详细信息

关键词： Denali virtual machine monitor Linux Linux Windows application program interfaces computer architectures guest operating systems hardware abstraction layer hardware interposition paravirtualization physical machine software architecture software system software systems virtual machines virtual machines virtualization technology

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Five Years of Software Architecture Checking A Case Study of Eclipse

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2015年第5期32卷 30-36页

作者： Brunet, Joao Murphy, Gail C. Serey, Dalton Figueiredo, Jorge Univ Fed Campina Grande Dept Comp Sci Campina Grande PB Brazil Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada Univ British Columbia Fac Sci Res & Grad Studies Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada Univ Fed Campina Grande Dept Comp & Syst Campina Grande PB Brazil

Over time, source code tends to drift from the intended software architecture, often resulting in the loss of desired software qualities. To help keep code aligned with the intended architecture, the developers of core parts of the open source Eclipse platform introduced API Tools to express and check architectural rules. Researchers analyzed five years of Eclipse architecture-checking reports that API Tools produced. They investigated what kinds of rules the developers found helpful to check, how code diverged from the intended architecture, and how the developers dealt with architectural violations over time. This article is part of a special issue on Software Architecture.

关键词： application program interfaces program Verification Software Architecture Software Architecture Checking Source Code Software Qualities Open Source Eclipse Platform API Tools Architectural Rules Eclipse Architecture Checking Architectural Violations Computer Architecture Software Architecture Software Engineering Documentation Software Maintenance Computer Science Architecture Checking Empirical Software Engineering Eclipse Software Development Software Engineering

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Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study

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HEALTH INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2010年第4期16卷 306-318页

作者： Kumar, Sameer Aldrich, Krista Univ St Thomas Opus Coll Business Minneapolis MN 55403 USA

An EMR system implementation would significantly reduce clinician workload and medical errors while saving the US healthcare system major expense. Yet, compared to other developed nations, the US lags behind. This article examines EMR system efforts, benefits, and barriers, as well as steps needed to move the US closer to a nationwide EMR system. The analysis includes a blueprint for implementation of EMR, industry comparisons to highlight the differences between successful and non-successful EMR ventures, references to costs and benefit information, and identification of root causes. 'Poka-yokes' (avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka)) will be inserted to provide insight into how to systematically overcome challenges. Implementation will require upfront costs including patient privacy that must be addressed early in the development process. Government structure, incentives and mandates are required for nationwide EMR system in the US.

关键词： application program interfaces health information exchanges national health information network poka-yoke

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Restricted Boltzmann machine-based cognitive protocol for secure routing in software defined wireless networks

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IET NETWORKS 2017年第6期6卷 162-168页

作者： MohanaPriya, Pitchai Shalinie, Selvaraj Mercy Thiagarajar Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Madurai Tamil Nadu India

Secure and stable routing is a critical issue in a conventional network environment, as the control and data planes are integrated. An intelligent routing is highly essential to provide an attack free network to its intended users. The programmable software defined network is an emerging network paradigm in which the security policies and the forwarding rules are implemented in the controller via North Bound Interface. This study incorporates a cognitive neural network learning algorithm namely restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), to detect the routing-based distributed denial of service attacks in dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. RBM is a stochastic and unsupervised learning algorithm that self-learns the network conditions by using its reasoning capability and segregates malicious routes in the route cache using context-aware trust metrics such as reputation and energy consumption implemented in North Bound application programming Interface. The results show that a cognitive DSR protocol provides secure routing by increased packet delivery ratio, decreased end-to-end delay, reduced energy consumption and accurate detection of malicious routes compared with the conventional DSR protocol.

关键词： Boltzmann machines routing protocols telecommunication security telecommunication computing software radio radio networks unsupervised learning cache storage application program interfaces stochastic processes restricted Boltzmann machine secure routing software defined wireless networks network environment data planes control planes intelligent routing attack free network security policies forwarding rules cognitive neural network learning algorithm RBM routing-based distributed denial of service attack detection dynamic source routing protocol unsupervised learning algorithm stochastic learning algorithm route cache end-to-end delay packet delivery ratio cognitive DSR protocol north bound application programming interface energy consumption context-aware trust metrics

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Simulation and development environment for mobile 3D graphics architectures

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2007年第5期1卷 501-507页

作者： Lee, W.-J. Park, W.-C. Srini, V. P. Han, T.-D. Yonsei Univ Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci Media Syst Lab Seoul 120749 South Korea Sejong Univ Sch Comp Engn Dept Internet Comp Seoul 143747 South Korea Data Flux Syst Inc Berkeley CA USA

This paper describes a simulation and development environment for designing mobile three-dimensional (3D) graphics architectures. The proposed simulation and verification environment (SVE) uses glTrace's ability to intercept and redirect an OpenGL vertical bar ES streams. The SVE simulates the behaviour of mobile 3D graphics pipeline during the playback of traces and produces the second geometry trace that can be used as a test vector for the Verilog/hardware discription language RT-level model. An architectural verification can be conducted by comparing the frame-by-frame results. The functionality of the SVE is demonstrated by designing a mobile 3D graphics architecture and implementing the verified architecture on field programmable gate array (FPGA) boards. An application development environment (ADE) is also presented that includes a mobile graphics application programming interface and a device driver interface. The proposed SVE and the ADE could be efficiently used for developing and testing mobile applications, architectural analysis and hardware designs.

关键词： device drivers FPGA application development environment verification environment rendering (computer graphics) computer graphic equipment application program interfaces RT-level model mobile 3D graphics architecture application programming interface mobile computing graphics rendering device driver interface hardware discription language Verilog field programmable gate array simulation

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Component-based APIs for versioning and distributed applications

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COMPUTER 1999年第7期32卷 54-+页

作者： Stets, RJ Hunt, GC Scott, ML Univ Rochester Dept Comp Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA

Operating system application programming interfaces (APIs) are typically monolithic procedural interfaces that address a single machine's requirements. This design limits evolutionary development and complicates application development for distributed systems. Current APIs tend to be large, rigid, and focus on a single host machine. Component-based APIs could solve these problems through strong versioning capabilities and support for distributed applications. Ideally, obsolete API calls should be deleted, and calls with modified semantics (but unmodified parameters and return values) would remain the same. However, since the OS must continue to support legacy applications, obsolete calls cannot be deleted, and new call semantics are best introduced through new calls. In addition, typical OS APIs do not adequately address the needs of distributed applications: They have support for intermachine communication but lack high-level support for accessing remote OS resources. The primary omission is a uniform method for naming remote resources, such as windows, files, and synchronization objects.

关键词： application development application program interfaces component-based APIs configuration management distributed applications evolutionary development files high-level support intermachine communication legacy applications modified semantics naming services network operating systems new call semantics operating system application programming interfaces remote operating system resource access remote resource naming software reusability synchronisation synchronization objects versioning windows

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