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Capability-Enhanced Microscopic Simulation With Real-Time Traffic Signal Control

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2008年第4期9卷 625-632页

作者： Fang, Fang Clara Elefteriadou, Lily Univ Hartford Dept Civil Environm & Biomed Engn Coll Engn Technol & Architecture Hartford CT 06117 USA Univ Florida Transportat Res Ctr Dept Civil & Coastal Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

An application programming interface (API) is a feature that is available in some traffic simulation programs to enhance their capabilities by allowing users to customize changes in simulation such as driver behaviors, vehicle characteristics, user-defined control strategies, and advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. This paper presents an API in AIMSUN, which is a stochastic and microscopic simulation model, to evaluate a novel real-time signal control technique based on the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. A transportation network of diamond interchanges is first created and calibrated in the AIMSUN environment. The API, which creates a dynamic in between the DP algorithm and AIMSUN, is then developed and deployed in C++. During simulation runtime, real-time traffic measurements, including vehicle counts and speeds, are provided by detectors in the network and fed into the DP algorithm that subsequently makes a decision on a signal control plan. The signal plan is then transferred back to and implemented in the simulated network, which emulates its actual operation. Extensive simulations have shown that the new signal control technique is superior to other common offline signal optimization tools in terms of handling the demand fluctuations. This paper has demonstrated that the API function is a useful tool to assess new ITS applications that are unavailable in simulation programs.

关键词： Adaptive control adaptive systems application programming interface intelligent systems real time systems simulation traffic control (transportation) transportation

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Introducing HL7 FHIR Genomics Operations: a developer-friendly approach to genomics-EHR integration

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 2023年第3期30卷 485-493页

作者： Dolin, Robert H. Heale, Bret S. E. Alterovitz, Gil Gupta, Rohan Aronson, Justin Boxwala, Aziz Gothi, Shaileshbhai R. Haines, David Hermann, Arthur Hongsermeier, Tonya Husami, Ammar Jones, James Naeymi-Rad, Frank Rapchak, Barbara Ravishankar, Chandan Shalaby, James Terry, May Xie, Ning Zhang, Powell Chamala, Srikar Elimu Informat 1709 Julian Ct El Cerrito CA 94530 USA Humanized Hlth Consulting Salt Lake City UT USA Brigham & Womens Hosp 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Med Sch Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Technol Boston MA 02115 USA Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Univ Katra Jammu & Kashmir India Northwestern Univ Chicago IL 60611 USA Univ Florida Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med Gainesville FL USA Leap Faith Technol Libertyville IL USA Kaiser Permanente Dept Hlth IT Strategy & Policy Pasadena CA USA Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Div Human Genet Cincinnati OH 45229 USA Univ Cincinnati Coll Med Dept Pediat Cincinnati OH USA Boston Childrens Hosp Computat Hlth Informat Program Boston MA USA MITRE Corp Mclean VA USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Med Biomed Cybernet Lab 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA Univ Southern Calif Keck Sch Med Dept Pathol Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Childrens Hosp Los Angeles Dept Pathol & Lab Med Los Angeles CA 90027 USA

Objective Enabling clinicians to formulate individualized clinical management strategies from the sea of molecular data remains a fundamentally important but daunting task. Here, we describe efforts towards a new paradigm in genomics-electronic health record (HER) integration, using a standardized suite of FHIR Genomics Operations that encapsulates the complexity of molecular data so that precision medicine solution developers can focus on building applications. Materials and Methods FHIR Genomics Operations essentially "wrap" a genomics data repository, presenting a uniform interface to applications. More importantly, operations encapsulate the complexity of data within a repository and normalize redundant data representations-particularly relevant in genomics, where a tremendous amount of raw data exists in often-complex non-FHIR formats. Results Fifteen FHIR Genomics Operations have been developed, designed to support a wide range of clinical scenarios, such as variant discovery;clinical trial matching;hereditary condition and pharmacogenomic screening;and variant reanalysis. Operations are being matured through the HL7 balloting process, connectathons, pilots, and the HL7 FHIR Accelerator program. Discussion Next-generation sequencing can identify thousands to millions of variants, whose clinical significance can change over time as our knowledge evolves. To manage such a large volume of dynamic and complex data, new models of genomics-EHR integration are needed. Qualitative observations to date suggest that freeing application developers from the need to understand the nuances of genomic data, and instead base applications on standardized APIs can not only accelerate integration but also dramatically expand the applications of Omic data in driving precision care at scale for all.

关键词： clinical genomics application programming interface electronic health record clinical decision support HL7 FHIR

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GridAPPS-D Distributed App Architecture and API for Modular and Distributed Grid Operations

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 39862-39875页

作者： Sharma, Poorva Reiman, Andrew P. Anderson, Alexander A. Poudel, Shiva Allwardt, Craig H. Fisher, Andrew R. Slay, Tylor E. Mukherjee, Monish Dubey, Anamika Ogle, James P. Melton, Ronald B. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99354 USA Washington State Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99163 USA

As power distribution systems evolve in complexity and scale, the coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), intelligent devices, and agents become increasingly challenging. Distribution utilities invest in advanced distribution management systems (ADMSs) and distributed energy resource management systems (DERMSs) to enhance distribution systems' reliability, resiliency, and efficiency. Standardizing the application programming interface (API) for ADMS applications is crucial to accelerate the integration of advanced distribution technologies. This paper introduces a distributed application architecture within the GridAPPS-D platform, aiming to address the limitations of centralized architectures in terms of scalability, maintainability, and flexibility. The proposed architecture draws inspiration from the Laminar Coordination Framework and is validated through extensive stakeholder engagement. Emphasizing extensibility, boundary deference, structural scalability, and securability, the layered framework is well-suited for large-scale distribution networks with diverse grid-edge devices and ownership structures. The contributions of this paper include a distributed layered architecture with defined distributed areas, a Common Information Model (CIM)-based standardized API for developing and deploying distributed applications (Distributed App API), and the design process and reference implementation of distributed services and applications. Based on laminar coordination, the software architecture combines centralized, distributed, and edge-control paradigms for effective distributed operations. The paper concludes with extending the centralized API in GridAPPS-D to distributed APIs for standards-based message exchange, emphasizing the need for scalable communication to coordinate diverse distributed agents. This work provides a foundation for advancing the field of distributed control in power distribution systems, supporting both centralized and

关键词： Computer architecture application programming interfaces Distributed power generation Software Scalability Distributed databases Software architecture Power distribution Reliability engineering application programming interface distributed applications distribution management systems software architecture

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A Vision for Transformative Intersections

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COMPUTER 2024年第12期57卷 58-68页

作者： He, Yuankai Shi, Weisong Wayne State Univ Detroit MI 48202 USA Univ Delaware Dept Comp & Informat Sci Newark DE USA

To support the rapid development, validation, and deployment of adaptive intersection systems thatmeet the complex demands of CAVs, and to optimize both traffic efficiency and road safety, we introduceOpenIntersection.

关键词： Adaptive Systems Road Safety Autonomous Vehicles Connected Vehicles Vehicle To Everything Real Time Systems Vehicle Dynamics Pedestrians Laser Radar Cameras Traffic Control Intelligent Transportation Systems Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Light Signal Autonomous Vehicles Traffic Flow Road Safety Traffic Safety Signal State Deployment Of Systems Rapid Deployment Li DAR Sensor Traffic Efficiency Object Detection application programming interface Traffic Light Situational Awareness Object Tracking Traffic Control Push And Pull Traffic System Traffic Management Intelligent Transportation Systems V 2 X Communication Automated Guided Vehicles Vulnerable Road Users Road Users Safety Critical applications Original Equipment Manufacturers Individual Vehicles Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Coverage Requirements Pedestrian Detection

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Open GL-Open CL Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling with Time-Varying Spacecraft Geometries

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2021年第5期18卷 307-321页

作者： Kenneally, Patrick Schaub, Hanspeter Tanygin, Sergei Univ Colorado Dept Aerosp Engn Sci Boulder CO 80303 USA

A method for the fast computation of spacecraft force and torque due to solar radiation pressure (SRP) is presented. A faceted model is employed that tracks which elements of a time-varying geometry are exposed to the sunlight, but sunlight reflections are not modeled. The method uses the highly parallel execution capabilities of commodity graphics processing unit (GPU) and the Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) and Open Compute Language (OpenCL) to render a spacecraft mesh on the GPU. A custom-developed OpenGL render pipeline computes the per-model facet SRP forces and torques that are summed on the GPU before the resultant spacecraft force and torque vectors are copied back to the CPU bound process. The process is validated on spherical and cubic test shapes. The evaluation accommodates spacecraft self-shadowing and is capable of accounting for arbitrary spacecraft articulation. Material properties are encoded with the model to provide realistic specular, diffuse, and absorption surface light interactions. Numerical simulations illustrate the impact of geometric fidelity and articulated surfaces. The faceted OpenGL-OpenCL method is up to an order of magnitude faster on integrated GPU hardware than high-end graphics card as the process is not demanding on the GPU and benefits from the fast memory transfer of on-chip processors.

关键词： Solar Radiation Spacecraft Models Graphics Processing Unit Material Properties Numerical Simulation Optical Properties application programming interface Spacecraft Configurations Spacecraft Attitude Computing Platform

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On the reaction to deprecation of clients of 4+1 popular Java APIs and the JDK

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2018年第4期23卷 2158-2197页

作者： Sawant, Anand Ashok Robbes, Romain Bacchelli, Alberto Delft Univ Technol SERG Delft Netherlands Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Software & Syst Engn Res Grp SwSE Bolzano Italy Univ Zurich ZEST Zurich Switzerland

application programming interfaces (APIs) are a tremendous resource-that is, when they are stable. Several studies have shown that this is unfortunately not the case. Of those, a large-scale study of API changes in the Pharo Smalltalk ecosystem documented several findings about API deprecations and their impact on API clients. We extend this study, by analyzing clients of both popular third-party Java APIs and the JDK API. This results in a dataset consisting of more than 25,000 clients of five popular Java APIs on GitHub, and 60 clients of the JDK API from Maven Central. This work addresses several short-comings of the previous study, namely: a study of several distinct API clients in a popular, statically-typed language, with more accurate version information. We compare and contrast our findings with the previous study and highlight new ones, particularly on the API client update practices and the startling similarities between reaction behavior in Smalltalk and Java. We make a comparison between reaction behavior for third-party APIs and JDK APIs, given that language APIs are a peculiar case in terms of wide-spread usage, documentation, and support from IDEs. Furthermore, we investigate the connection between reaction patterns of a client and the deprecation policy adopted by the API used.

关键词： application programming interface API usage API popularity Dataset

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Efficient Tree-Based Feature Descriptor and Matching Algorithm

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2014年第9期11卷 596-606页

作者： Fowers, Spencer Desai, Alok Lee, D. J. Ventura, Dan Wilde, Doran Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Provo UT 84602 USA Brigham Young Univ Dept Comp Sci Provo UT 84602 USA

This paper presents the development of a new feature descriptor derived from previous work on the basis sparse-coding inspired similarity descriptor that provides smaller descriptor size, simpler computations, faster matching speed, and higher accuracy. The TreeBASIS descriptor algorithm uses a binary vocabulary tree that is computed offline using basis sparse-coding inspired similarity dictionary images derived from sparse coding and a test set of feature region images. The resulting tree is stored in memory for online high-speed searching for feature matching. During the online matching stage, a feature region image is binary quantized and the resulting quantized vector is passed into the basis sparse-coding inspired similarity tree. A Hamming distance is computed between the feature region images and the effectively descriptive basis sparse-coding inspired similarity dictionary images at the current node to determine the branch taken. The path the feature region image takes is saved as the descriptor, and matching is performed by following the paths of two features and iteratively reducing the distance as the path is traversed. Experimental results show that the TreeBASIS descriptor is better than basis sparse-coding inspired similarity, scale invariant feature transform, and speeded-up robust features on frame-to-frame aerial feature point matching. It requires much less computational resources and runs faster.

关键词： Matching Algorithm Speeded Up Robust Features Field Programmable Gate Array Feature Detection Computing application programming interface UAV Aeroplane Unmanned Ground Vehicle Random Access Memory

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Information correspondence between types of documentation for APIs

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2020年第5期25卷 4069-4096页

作者： Arya, Deeksha M. Guo, Jin L. C. Robillard, Martin P. McGill Univ Montreal PQ Canada

Documentation for programming languages and their APIs takes many forms, such as reference documentation, blog posts or other textual and visual media. Prior research has suggested that developers switch between reference and tutorial-like documentation while learning a new API. Documentation creation and maintenance is also an effort-intensive process that requires its creators to carefully inspect and organize information, while ensuring consistency across different sources. This article reports on the relationship between information in tutorials and in API reference documentation of three libraries on the topics: regular expressions, unified resource location and Input/Output in the two programming languages, Java and Python. Our investigation reveals that about half of the sentences in the tutorials studied describeAPI Information, i.e. syntax, behaviour, usage and performance of the API, that could be found in the reference documentation. The remaining are tutorial specific use-cases and examples. We also elicited and analyzed six types of correspondences between sentences in tutorials and reference documentation, ranging fromidenticaltoimplied. Based on our findings, we propose a general information reuse pattern as a structured abstraction to represent the systematic integration of information from the reference documentation into a tutorial. We report on the distribution of 38 instances of this pattern, and on the impact of applying the pattern automatically on the existing tutorials. This work lays a foundation for understanding the nature of information correspondence across different documentation types to inform and assist documentation generation and maintenance.

关键词： Software documentation application programming interface Qualitative analysis Exploratory study

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The Ruby UCSC API: accessing the UCSC genome database using Ruby

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BMC BIOINFORMATICS 2012年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者： Mishima, Hiroyuki Aerts, Jan Katayama, Toshiaki Bonnal, Raoul J. P. Yoshiura, Koh-ichiro Nagasaki Univ Grad Sch Biomed Sci Dept Human Genet Nagasaki 8528523 Japan Leuven Univ Fac Engn ESAT SCD B-3001 Louvain Belgium IBBT KULeuven Future Hlth Dept Louvain Belgium Univ Tokyo Fac Engn Database Ctr Life Sci Res Org Informat & SystBunkyo Ku Tokyo 1130032 Japan Fdn Ist Nazl Genet Mol Integrat Biol Program I-20122 Milan Italy

Background: The University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) genome database is among the most used sources of genomic annotation in human and other organisms. The database offers an excellent web-based graphical user interface (the UCSC genome browser) and several means for programmatic queries. A simple application programming interface (API) in a scripting language aimed at the biologist was however not yet available. Here, we present the Ruby UCSC API, a library to access the UCSC genome database using Ruby. Results: The API is designed as a BioRuby plug-in and built on the ActiveRecord 3 framework for the object-relational mapping, making writing SQL statements unnecessary. The current version of the API supports databases of all organisms in the UCSC genome database including human, mammals, vertebrates, deuterostomes, insects, nematodes, and yeast. The API uses the bin index-if available-when querying for genomic intervals. The API also supports genomic sequence queries using locally downloaded *.2bit files that are not stored in the official MySQL database. The API is implemented in pure Ruby and is therefore available in different environments and with different Ruby interpreters (including JRuby). Conclusions: Assisted by the straightforward object-oriented design of Ruby and ActiveRecord, the Ruby UCSC API will facilitate biologists to query the UCSC genome database programmatically. The API is available through the RubyGem system. Source code and documentation are available at https://***/misshie/bioruby-ucsc-api/ under the Ruby license. Feedback and help is provided via the website at http://***/.

关键词： Ruby application programming interface Genomic Interval Distribute Annotation System Table Class

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Managing context information in mobile devices

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IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING 2003年第3期2卷 42-51页

作者： Korpipää, P Mäntyjärvi, J Kela, J Keränen, H Malm, EJ VTT Elect VTT Tech Res Ctr FIN-90571 Oulu Finland

To make mobile devices truly context-aware, we must develop systematic techniques for applications to use the uncertain information gained from multiple sources. Instead of using raw measurement data, applications can use higher-level context abstractions. This article introduces a framework and an application programming interface for managing context information, especially sensor-based. The framework simplifies the development of context-aware mobile applications and facilitates information reuse and sharing.

关键词： Context Framework Context Recognition Sensor Fusion Classification Context Ontology application programming interface Context Awareness Mobile Computing

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