Computational fluid dynamics through the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence models has become commonplace. However, simply solving these equations is not sufficient to be able to perform efficient...
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Computational fluid dynamics through the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence models has become commonplace. However, simply solving these equations is not sufficient to be able to perform efficient design optimization with a flow solver in the loop. This paper discusses the recommendations for developing a flow solver that is suitable for efficient aerodynamic and multidisciplinary design optimization. One of the major recommendations is to be able to load the flow solver as a library that provides direct memory access to the relevant data. Other recommendations are to use a higher-level language for scripting and to pay special attention to solution warm starting, code efficiency, flow solver robustness, and solution failure handling. As an example of a flow solver that follows these recommendations, the open-source flow solver ADflow is presented. Results from aerodynamic optimization, aerostructural analysis, and aerostructural optimization using ADflow demonstrate the performance advantages claimed in the recommendations. The publication of these recommendations and the availability of the source code open the door for other solvers to adopt the same application programming interface. ADflow is part of a wider aerodynamic shape optimization tool suite that is also available under an open-source license.
A breakthrough in building models for image processing came with the discovery that a convolutional neural net-work (CNN) can progressively extract higher-level represen-tations of the image content. Having high-resol...
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A breakthrough in building models for image processing came with the discovery that a convolutional neural net-work (CNN) can progressively extract higher-level represen-tations of the image content. Having high-resolution images to train CNN models is a key for optimizing the performance of image segmentation models. This paper presents a new dataset-called Flood Image (FloodIMG) database system- that was developed for flood related image processing and segmentation. We developed various Internet of Things Ap-plication programminginterfaces (IoT API) to gather flood-related images from Twitter, and US federal agencies' web servers, such as the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the De-partment of Transportation (DOT). Overall, > 9200 images of flooding events were collected, preprocessed, and formatted to make the dataset applicable for CNN training. Bounding boxes and polygon primitives were also labeled on each im-age to localize and classify an object in the image. Two use cases of FloodIMG are presented in this paper, where the Fast Region-based CNN (R-CNN) algorithm was used to estimate flood severity and depth during recent flooding events in the US. As of > 9200 images, 7,400 were categorized as training sets, whereas > 1,800 images were used for the R-CNN test -ing. Users can access the FloodIMG database freely through Kaggle platform to create more accessible, accurate, and op-timized image segmentation models. The FloodIMG workflow concludes with a visualization of colors and labels per im-age that can serve as a benchmark for flood image processing and segmentation.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://***/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Three-dimensional (3D) building information modeling (BIM) models of alignment-based civil infrastructures such as roads, railways, and tunnels are built as an integrated surface model for each planned linear segment....
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Three-dimensional (3D) building information modeling (BIM) models of alignment-based civil infrastructures such as roads, railways, and tunnels are built as an integrated surface model for each planned linear segment. In the multidimensional (nD) form of BIM, the model can be linked with information such as quantity, schedule, and cost. Furthermore, even if the nD form of BIM is fulfilled, the design and linked information are changed;subsequently, not only must the BIM model be re-created but each link to the information must be updated. In this study, a system was developed to partition the 3D BIM model according to the level required by the user. A partition interval allows the user to input the start and end points or to set a constant interval unit on the basis of the design baseline. In addition, each segment of the partitioned BIM model can be equipped with information such as earthwork volume (cut and fill), cost, and schedule. Finally, a case study was conducted using a road BIM model to verify the developed system.
The manual migration between different third-party libraries represents a challenge for software developers. Developers typically need to explore both libraries application programming interfaces, along with reading t...
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The manual migration between different third-party libraries represents a challenge for software developers. Developers typically need to explore both libraries application programming interfaces, along with reading their documentation, in order to locate the suitable mappings between replacing and replaced methods. In this paper, we introduce RAPIM, a machine learning model that recommends mappings between methods from two different libraries. Our model learns from previous migrations, manually performed in mined software systems, and extracts a set of features related to the similarity between method signatures and method textual documentations. We evaluate our model using 8 popular migrations, collected from 57,447 open-source Java projects. Results show that RAPIM is able to recommend relevant library API mappings with an average accuracy score of 87%. Finally, we provide the community with an API recommendation web service that could be used to support the migration process. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper is written to honor Rafael T. Haftka's seminal contributions to the field of multidisciplinary design optimization. We focus on those contributions that had a direct impact on our research, namely: the ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781624105784
ISBN:
(纸本)9781624105784
This paper is written to honor Rafael T. Haftka's seminal contributions to the field of multidisciplinary design optimization. We focus on those contributions that had a direct impact on our research, namely: the adjoint method for computing derivatives, wing aerostructural design optimization, and architectures for multidisciplinary design optimization. For each of these topics, we describe Haftka's contributions, how they impacted our research, and examples of what they enabled us to do. The overarching theme of the contributions and developments described in this paper is the efficient computation of derivatives, which together with gradient-based optimizers enables the optimization with respect to large numbers of design variables, even when using costly high-fidelity models.
Background: Despite steady gains in life expectancy, individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease still experience rapid pulmonary decline throughout their clinical course, which can ultimately end in respirator...
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Background: Despite steady gains in life expectancy, individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease still experience rapid pulmonary decline throughout their clinical course, which can ultimately end in respiratory failure. Point-of-care tools for accurate and timely information regarding the risk of rapid decline is essential for clinical decision support. Objective: This study aims to translate a novel algorithm for earlier, more accurate prediction of rapid lung function decline in patients with CF into an interactive web based application that can be integrated within electronic health record systems, via collaborative development with clinicians. Methods: Longitudinal clinical history, lung function measurements, and time-invariant characteristics were obtained for 30,879 patients with CF who were followed in the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (2003-2015). We iteratively developed the application using the R Shiny framework and by conducting a qualitative study with care provider focus groups (N=17). Results: A clinical conceptual model and 4 themes were identified through coded feedback from application users: (1) ambiguity in rapid decline, (2) clinical utility, (3) clinical significance, and (4) specific suggested revisions. These themes were used to revise our application to the currently released version, available online for exploration. This study has advanced the application's potential prognostic utility for monitoring individuals with CF lung disease. Further application development will incorporate additional clinical characteristics requested by the users and also a more modular layout that can be useful for care provider and family interactions. Conclusions: Our framework for creating an interactive and visual analytics platform enables generalized development of applications to synthesize, model, and translate electronic health data, thereby enhancing clinical decision support and improving care and health outcomes for chronic
Nowadays, smart farming involves the integration of advanced technologies that incorporate low-cost robots to meet the required knowledge and maintain the health of plants in farming. Technologies like precision agric...
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Nowadays, smart farming involves the integration of advanced technologies that incorporate low-cost robots to meet the required knowledge and maintain the health of plants in farming. Technologies like precision agriculture are also used to optimize resources based on the field condition. Internet of Green Things is also one of the technologies to integrate and share the information between people and healthy farm things. Internet of Green Things gives the information like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and nutrient level by means of respective sensors. Monitoring and information gathering in green houses with the help of robots is a tedious and expensive process. In this connection, information is shared among low-cost robots encouraging data availability of the current state of a plant with other robots. This will emphasize the monitoring of green houses in a well-organized way. In this article, a Flask-based framework through Raspberry Pi is proposed for interoperability among the low-cost ESP8266 robots. Data gathering is performed by smart robots that are accessible through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport subscribes by means of Representational State Transfer application programming interface. A cloud-like database server is provided to stock up the data. The integration of robotics with Internet of Green Things gains more advantage in gathering about spatial information data that are connected with the irrigation. Visualization techniques and perspectives based on Internet of Green Things for precision agriculture in the field of farming are highlighted.
Fifth generation (5G) networks are expected to incorporate more intelligence in order to predict the traffic and mobility patterns and to optimize the performance. Multi-access-Edge Computing may contribute to perform...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728115429
Fifth generation (5G) networks are expected to incorporate more intelligence in order to predict the traffic and mobility patterns and to optimize the performance. Multi-access-Edge Computing may contribute to performance optimization by distributing cloud computing and storage capabilities in the vicinity to end users. In this paper, we propose a new mobile edge service which enables external applications to provide information about foreseen or expected User Equipment (UE) activity and mobility. The applications may gather radio network and location information to calculate UE behavior patterns and to send to the network information that may help to optimize resource management procedures.
Background: Efforts are underway to semantically integrate large biomedical knowledge graphs using common upper-level ontologies to federate graph-oriented application programming interfaces (APIs) to the data. Howeve...
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Background: Efforts are underway to semantically integrate large biomedical knowledge graphs using common upper-level ontologies to federate graph-oriented application programming interfaces (APIs) to the data. However, federation poses several challenges, including query routing to appropriate knowledge sources, generation and evaluation of answer subsets, semantic merger of those answer subsets, and visualization and exploration of results. Objective: We aimed to develop an interactive environment for query, visualization, and deep exploration of federated knowledge graphs. Methods: We developed a biomedical query language and web application interphase-termed as Translator Query Language (TranQL)-to query semantically federated knowledge graphs and explore query results. TranQL uses the Biolink data model as an upper-level biomedical ontology and an API standard that has been adopted by the Biomedical Data Translator Consortium to specify a protocol for expressing a query as a graph of Biolink data elements compiled from statements in the TranQL query language. Queries are mapped to federated knowledge sources, and answers are merged into a knowledge graph, with mappings between the knowledge graph and specific elements of the query. The TranQL interactive web application includes a user interface to support user exploration of the federated knowledge graph. Results: We developed 2 real-world use cases to validate TranQL and address biomedical questions of relevance to translational science. The use cases posed questions that traversed 2 federated Translator API endpoints: Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service (ICEES) and Reasoning Over Biomedical Objects linked in Knowledge Oriented Pathways (ROBOKOP). ICEES provides open access to observational clinical and environmental data, and ROBOKOP provides access to linked biomedical entities, such as "gene," "chemical substance," and "disease," that are derived largely from curated public data sources
Human tissue phenotyping generates complex spatial information from numerous imaging modalities, yet images typically become static figures for publication, and original data and metadata are rarely available. While c...
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Human tissue phenotyping generates complex spatial information from numerous imaging modalities, yet images typically become static figures for publication, and original data and metadata are rarely available. While comprehensive image maps exist for some organs, most resources have limited support for multiplexed imaging or have non-intuitive user interfaces. Therefore, we built a Pancreatlas resource that integrates several technologies into a unique interface, allowing users to access richly annotated web pages, drill down to individual images, and deeply explore data online. The current version of Pancreatlas contains over 800 unique images acquired by whole-slide scanning, confocal microscopy, and imaging mass cytometry, and is available at https://***. To create this human pancreas-specific biological imaging resource, we developed a React-based web application and Python-based application programming interface, collectively called Flexible Framework for Integrating and Navigating Data (FFIND), which can be adapted beyond Pancreatlas to meet countless imaging or other structured data-management needs.
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