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A TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF CANDIDOSIS

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1985年第1期11卷 71-79页

作者： SRIVASTAVA, AC TURNER, J HUGHES, DE GRIFFITHS, AJ 1.Microbiology Department University College Cardiff Wales UK

A total of 450 yeast isolates were obtained from up to 34 sites on 59 human subjects. The yeasts were characterized using morphological features and assimilation tests. Ten species were identified but, of these, Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis were the most common and accounted for 84% of the isolates. An examination of the biotypes of the various species indicated a much greater diversity in the yeast microflora than that detected by species identifications alone. Fifty-five biotypes were differentiated and it is suggested that these could be regarded as distinct taxonomic or ecological entities.

关键词： Yeasts Biological taxonomies Mouth Human ecology Humans Microbial ecology Candida albicans Species diversity application programming interfaces

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Analysis of DPF Incombustible Materials from Volvo Trucks Using DPF-SCR-Urea With API CJ-4 and API CI-4 PLUS Oils

SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS 2009年第1期2卷 762-780页

作者： McGeehan, James Yeh, Sheila Rutherford, James Couch, Melvin Otterholm, Bengt Hinz, Andreas Walker, Andrew Chevron Global Lubricants & Chevron Energy Techno San Ramon CA 94583 USA Volvo Technol & Volvo Powertrain Greensboro NC 27402 USA Johnson Matthey Catalyt Syst Div Royston England

This paper reports on a field test with 23 Volvo D12C non-exhaust gas recirculation diesel engines using the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), and urea system with Ultra-Low-Sulfur-Diesel (ULSD). This combination will be used to meet the on-highway emission standards for U.S. 2010, Japan 2010, and Europe 2013. Because of future widespread use of DPF-SCR, this study reports on our field experience with this system, and focuses on enhancing our understanding of the incombustible materials which are collected in the DPF with API CJ-4 and API CI-4 PLUS oils. The average weight of incombustibles was lower in the trucks using API CJ-4 oils at 1.0% sulfated ash, than in those using API CI-4 PLUS oils at 1.4% sulfated ash. The difference in weight between the two groups was highly significant. Further, the weight of the incombustibles per kilometer substantially decreased with each subsequent cleaning within a truck. The gray powder of incombustible materials recovered from the DPF is dominated by inorganic lubricant additives-Ca, Mg, P, S, Zn, and Mo. Calcium sulfate, zinc magnesium phosphate and zinc pyrophosphate were identified. These materials accounted for more than 90% of the materials from the DPF. Wear metals and a small amount of carbon were also identified, and made up the material unaccounted for by the lube oil inorganics. The particle size distribution of the incombustibles is bimodal, with a large number of particles at 0.4 microns and the remaining at 10 microns. Particles at 0.4 microns present inhalation and irritation health risk, and so exposure to incombustible trap ash should be minimized. The DPF-SCR system provided excellent durability and reliability during this five year field test. Both API CJ-4 and API CI-4 PLUS oils demonstrated equal wear, viscosity control, and oil drain capability based on used oil analysis.

关键词： application programming interfaces Engines Particulate matter Diesel fuels Soot Ashes Diesel trucks Diesel exhaust Sulfur

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Research Integrated Network of Systems (RINS): a virtual data warehouse for the acceleration of translational research

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 2021年第7期28卷 1440-1450页

作者： He, Wenjun Kirchoff, Katie G. Sampson, Royce R. McGhee, Kimberly K. Cates, Andrew M. Obeid, Jihad S. Lenert, Leslie A. Med Univ South Carolina Coll Med South Carolina Clin & Translat Res Inst Charleston SC USA Med Univ South Carolina Biomed Informat Ctr Charleston SC USA Med Univ South Carolina Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci Charleston SC USA Med Univ South Carolina Acad Affairs Fac Charleston SC USA Med Univ South Carolina Dept Publ Hlth Sci Charleston SC USA Med Univ South Carolina Dept Med Charleston SC USA

Objective: Integrated, real-time data are crucial to evaluate translational efforts to accelerate innovation into care. Too often, however, needed data are fragmented in disparate systems. The South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) developed and implemented a universal study identifier-the Research Master Identifier (RMID)-for tracking research studies across disparate systems and a data warehouse-inspired model-the Research Integrated Network of Systems (RINS)-for integrating data from those systems. Materials and Methods: In 2017, MUSC began requiring the use of RMIDs in informatics systems that support human subject studies. We developed a web-based tool to create RMIDs and application programming interfaces to synchronize research records and visualize linkages to protocols across systems. Selected data from these disparate systems were extracted and merged nightly into an enterprise data mart, and performance dashboards were created to monitor key translational processes. Results: Within 4 years, 5513 RMIDs were created. Among these were 726 (13%) bridged systems needed to evaluate research study performance, and 982 (18%) linked to the electronic health records, enabling patientlevel reporting. Discussion: Barriers posed by data fragmentation to assessment of program impact have largely been eliminated at MUSC through the requirement for an RMID, its distribution via RINS to disparate systems, and mapping of system-level data to a single integrated data mart. Conclusion: By applying data warehousing principles to federate data at the "study" level, the RINS project reduced data fragmentation and promoted research systems integration.

关键词： learning health system clinical data warehouse health information interoperability application programming interfaces

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THE ROLE OF THE QUEEN IN CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS OF HONEYBEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L)

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BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY 1991年第5期29卷 361-365页

作者： MORITZ, RFA SAKOFSKI, F UNIV NATAL DEPT GENETPIETERMARITZBURG 3200SOUTH AFRICA UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG BAYER LANDESANSTALT BIENENZUCHTW-8520 ERLANGENGERMANY

Colonies and smaller social groups of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica L.) show distinct free-running circadian rhythms similar to that of individual organisms. The workers of a colony synchronize their individual rhythms to one overall group rhythm. Caste plays an important role in this synchronization process. Queens were introduced into worker groups which were entrained to a phase-shifted light/dark cycle. The introduction of the queen caused a shift in the free-running phase under constant dark conditions. Single introduced workers had no effect on the free-running rhythms. This indicates that the queen plays an important role in the synchronization of circadian rhythms of honeybee colonies.

关键词： Queen honey bees Honey bee colonies Worker insects Insect behavior Circadian rhythm Queens application programming interfaces Queen insects Zeitgebers

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The case for open-source software in drug discovery

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DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY 2005年第3期10卷 213-217页

作者： DeLano, WL DeLano Sci LLC San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Widespread adoption of open-source software for network infrastructure, web servers, code development, and operating systems leads one to ask how far it can go. Will 'open source' spread broadly, or will it be restricted to niches frequented by hopeful hobbyists and midnight hackers? Here we identify reasons for the success of open-source software and predict how consumers in drug discovery will benefit from new open-source products that address their needs with increased flexibility and in ways complementary to proprietary options.

关键词： Drug Discovery Bioinformatics Pharmaceutical Science Infrastructure application programming interfaces Molecular operating environment Proprietary software

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COMPOSITION OF THE MICROFLORA OF WITLOOF CHICORY SEEDS

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MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1988年第3期16卷 339-348页

作者： VANOUTRYVE, MF GOSSELE, V GOSSELE, F SWINGS, J 1.Plant Genetic Systems Plateaustraat 22 B-9000 Gent Belgium

The bacterial microflora of nine varieties of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L. *** Hegi) seeds was studied. The 184 isolates were characterized by protein profiles determined by SDS-protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total cell proteins. Isolates with identical protein profiles were grouped into one fingerprint type. Sixty-seven fingerprint types were distinguished. Two quantitatively major fingerprint types,Erwinia herbicola and an arthrobacter, represented 52% of the total number of isolates and were found on different chicory varieties. The latter organism was inhibited at seed germination. Other isolates, i.e.,Xanthomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas paucimobilis, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Pseudomonas syringae, and a fluorescentPseudomonas, were only occasionally found. A minority were gram-positive isolates, i.e.,Bacillus sp.,Streptomyces sp., and coryneforms. In vitro activity of the isolates was tested against five fungi. Isolates with strong antifungal activity were found amongErwinia herbicola andBacillus sp.

关键词： Microorganisms Seeds Erwinia application programming interfaces Antifungals Arthrobacter Fungi Pseudomonas Bacillus

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Evolution of floral meristem identity genes.: Analysis of Lolium temulentum genes related to APETALA1 and LEAFY of Arabidopsis

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001年第4期125卷 1788-1801页

作者： Gocal, GFW King, RW Blundell, CA Schwartz, OM Andersen, CH Weigel, D Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Div Plant Ind Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Salk Inst Biol Studies Plant Biol Lab La Jolla CA 92037 USA Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Biol Sci Canberra ACT 2601 Australia DLF Trifolium AS Riso Natl Lab DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark

Flowering (inflorescence formation) of the grass Lolium temulentum is strictly regulated, occurring rapidly on exposure to a single long day (LD). During floral induction, L. temulentum differs significantly from dicot species such as Arabidopsis in the expression, at the shoot apex, of two APETALA1 (AP1)-like genes, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2, and of L. temulentum LEAFY (LtLFY). As shown by in situ hybridization, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed in the vegetative shoot apical meristem, but expression increases strongly within 30 h of LD floral induction. Later in floral development, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed within spikelet and floret meristems and in the glume and lemma primordia. It is interesting that LtLFY is detected quite late (about 12 d after LD induction) within the spikelet meristems, glumes, and lemma primordia. These patterns contrast with Arabidopsis, where LFY and AP1 are consecutively activated early during flower formation. LtMADS2, when expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants under the control of the AP1 promoter, could partially complement the organ number defect of the severe ap1-15 mutant allele, confirming a close relationship between LtMADS2 and AP1.

关键词： Gene expression Plants Meristems Spikelets Rice application programming interfaces RNA Bracts

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IDENTIFICATION OF CORYNEBACTERIUM-JEIKEIUM AND CORYNEBACTERIUM CDC GROUP D-2 WITH THE API-20 STREP SYSTEM

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1988年第5期7卷 675-678页

作者： TILLOTSON, G ARORA, M ROBBINS, M HOLTON, J APT BIO MERIEUX LTD GRAFTON WAY BASINGSTOKE RG22 6HY HANTS ENGLAND UNIV COLL HOSP LONDON DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL LONDON WC1E 6AU ENGLAND MIDDLESEX HOSP DEPT MED MICROBIOL LONDON W1N 8AA ENGLAND

A total of 170 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium and 23 strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were examined in three British laboratories using the API 20 Strep identification system and three supplementary tests (catalase production, urease production and nitrate reduction). The isolates were collected from clinical specimens in various laboratories over a three-year period. The two species produced consistent reactions in these tests after 24 h. Two tests were highly discriminatory, with positive reactions for ribose fermentation seen for Corynebacterium jeikeium while urease production was observed with Corynebacterium group D2. This method allows routine clinical laboratories to rapidly identify these emerging pathogens.

关键词： application programming interfaces American Petroleum Institute fire reaction tests deuterium API clinical laboratory ABSORBED DOSE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS nitrate reduction AXIAL POWER INDICATOR Laboratories Urease

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Perils of faculty applicants

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2014年第6期107卷 937-938页

作者： Poduri, Chetan Datta 501 Highlight Haveli St 6 Hyderabad 500007 Andhra Pradesh India

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Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland, 1989-1992

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1996年第3期22卷 564-566页

作者： Saxelin, M Chuang, NB Chassy, B Rautelin, H Makela, PH Salminen, S Gorbach, SL NATL PUBL HLTH INST DIV INFECT DISSF-00300 HELSINKIFINLAND TURKU UNIV DEPT BIOCHEM & FOOD CHEMTURKUFINLAND UNIV HELSINKI DEPT BACTERIOL & IMMUNOLHELSINKIFINLAND VALIO LTD HELSINKIFINLAND UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT FOOD SCIURBANAIL 61801 TUFTS UNIV SCH MEDDEPT COMMUNITY HLTHBOSTONMA 02111

In order to assess the potential of lactobacilli to cause serious infections, we studied the prevalence of bacteremia due to Lactobacillus species during a 4-year period (1989-1992) in southern Finland, which has a population of about 2.5 million. Among 3,317 blood culture isolates, lactobacilli were identified in eight patients, five of whom had a severe disease predisposing to bacteremic complications. The eight strains isolated were identified to the species level and typed by carbohydrate fermentation tests and by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified 16S rRNA. The results did not provide evidence that any particular species or subspecies of Lactobacillus was the cause of the infections;no infections caused by isolates similar to the recently introduced dairy probiotic strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103), were observed. The data show an infrequent association of lactobacilli with bacteremic infections in spite of the ubiquitous presence of these organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and their widespread consumption in fermented milks;thus, there is strong evidence that their pathogenic potential is very low.

关键词： Lactobacillus Fermentation Bacteremia Lactic acid bacteria Dairy products application programming interfaces Blood culture Infectious diseases

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