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Assessing the Interstate Coverage of Commercial Trucks Capable of Providing Roadway Imagery via On-Vehicle Dash Camera in the United States

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 173517-173529页

作者： Sakhare, Rahul Suryakant Desai, Jairaj Mathew, Jijo K. Bullock, Darcy M. Purdue Univ Dept Civil & Construct Engn W Lafayette IN 47906 USA

Commercial trucks travel over three hundred billion miles annually in the United States. Approximately 64,000 of these commercial trucks have the capability to share on-vehicle dashboard camera images sourced from a third-party data provider. Images can only be retrieved in specific areas where trucks are travelling over 10 kmph speed at approximately 1 Hz. Such imagery can provide agencies with an agile framework for the monitoring, assessment, and inspection of roadways. The roadways traversed and trip frequency of these trucks is crucial for agency wide adoption. The purpose of this study is to assess the coverage of these trucks on national interstates using a sample 6-week period from April 22 to June 2, 2024, with approximately 375 million trip segments. Approximately 30,000 unique trucks were available across the country during peak hours. The number of trucks with these capabilities ranges from 72 to 536 per week on Indiana interstates. At least one truck was observed during daytime for 56% of the Indiana interstate miles and during nighttime for 35% of the interstate miles every day. When evaluated over a week, the percentage interstate miles covered increased to 100% and 92% during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Similar statistics for interstate I-70, passing through ten states and spanning 4,358 directional miles were presented to illustrate opportunities for nationwide scalability. This type of coverage statistics enables public agencies to use these capabilities for diverse use cases such as work zones, pavement condition, roadside infrastructure, and winter weather road condition monitoring.

关键词： Cameras Image segmentation Monitoring Roads application programming interfaces Safety Inspection Surveys Solar eclipses Indexes Commercial trucks roadway imagery big data agile monitoring intelligent transportation systems

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Reengineering a server ecosystem for enhanced portability and performance

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IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2018年第1期62卷 9:1-9:13页

作者： Gschwind, M. Weigand, U. IBM Chief Data Off Armonk NY 10504 USA IBM Deutschland Res & Dev GmbH D-71032 Boblingen Germany

We describe the design and implementation of the new, little-endian Linux on Power operating environment, with a particular emphasis on its application interfaces. The new environment was designed to simplify porting of applications from other processor architectures to Power. It uses little-endian data formats to reduce the need for code adaptation and debugging during porting, and to simplify the use of commodity off-the-shelf system components, such as I/O adapters and accelerators. We took advantage of introducing a new operating environment to optimize the platform application binary interface (ABI) for new programming patterns and paradigms, resulting in enhanced out-of-the-box performance. The new ABI responds to increasing componentization of applications by reducing the overhead involved in function calls with an emphasis on accelerating calls to short functions as well as calls to runtime-resolved functions, i.e., functions in shared libraries, function pointers, virtual methods, and interface functions.

关键词： Linux Ecosystems Libraries Operating systems Computer architecture Debugging application programming interfaces Computer interfaces

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Readability metric feedback for aiding node-link visualization designers

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IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2015年第2-3期59卷 14:1-14:16页

作者： Dunne, C. Ross, S. I. Shneiderman, B. Martino, M. IBM Watson Grp Cognit Visualizat Lab Cambridge MA 02142 USA Univ Maryland Dept Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA

Analyzing network data can provide valuable insights in many diverse fields. However, designing node-link visualizations that effectively communicate the underlying network is challenging, as for every network there are many potential unintelligible or even misleading layouts. Automated layout algorithms have helped, but frequently generate ineffective visualizations. In order to build awareness of effective node-link visualization strategies, we detail new global readability metrics on a [0,1] continuous scale for node-node overlap, edge crossing angle, angular resolution, group overlap, and visualization coverage. In addition, we define novel node-and-edge readability metrics to provide more localized identification of where improvement is needed. We describe the trade-offs inherent in optimizing individual metrics as well as recommend metric optimizations for particular tasks. Our metrics are implemented in a JavaScript (R) API (application programming interface) to make them widely available to designers of web-based visualization tools, who can use metrics to direct users towards poor areas of the drawing. Our prototype system using the API aims to help designers and theorists evaluate and compare their layouts.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis application programming interfaces Data visualization Layout Measurement Optimization Readability metrics

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The Frankencamera: An Experimental Platform for Computational Photography

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2012年第11期55卷 90-98页

作者： Adams, Andrew Jacobs, David E. Dolson, Jennifer Tico, Marius Pulli, Kari Talvala, Eino-Ville Ajdin, Boris Vaquero, Daniel Lensch, Hendrik P. A. Horowitz, Mark Park, Sung Hee Gelfand, Natasha Baek, Jongmin Matusik, Wojciech Levoy, Marc MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Nokia Res Ctr Bangalore 560087 Karnataka India NVIDIA Res Santa Clara CA USA Univ Tubingen D-72074 Tubingen Germany Univ Calif Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

Although there has been much interest in computational photography within the research and photography communities, progress has been hampered by the lack of a portable, programmable camera with sufficient image quality and computing power. To address this problem, we have designed and implemented an open architecture and application programming interface (API) for such cameras: the Frankencamera. It consists of a base hardware specification, a software stack based on Linux, and an API for C++. Our architecture permits control and synchronization of the sensor and image processing pipeline at the microsecond timescale, as well as the ability to incorporate and synchronize external hardware like lenses and flashes. This paper specifies our architecture and API, and it describes two reference implementations we have built. Using these implementations, we demonstrate several computational photography applications: high dynamic range (HDR) viewfinding and capture, automated acquisition of extended dynamic range panoramas, foveal imaging, and inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based hand shake detection. Our goal is to standardize the architecture and distribute Frankencameras to researchers and students, as a step toward creating a community of-photographer-programmers who develop algorithms, applications, and hardware for computational cameras.

关键词： ARCHITECTURE Cameras photography application programming interfaces Building construction Computer hardware Linux Dynamic range Image quality Open Architecture

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A CHAOTIC MODEL OF POWER CONCENTRATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY 1993年第1期37卷 55-72页

作者： RICHARDS, D UNIV CALIF IRVINE IRVINE RES UNIT MATH BEHAV SCIIRVINECA 92717

Many previous studies have pointed to the presence of cyclic patterns in the distribution and concentration of international power. I test this theory and find that the evolution of systemic power concentration since 1494 is not cyclic, but is chaotic. This implies that, although there are no strict cycles, the evolution of power concentration is influenced by structural constraints. An underlying order in the transfer of power results in a patterned, although not a determinate, evolution over time. An exploratory model in the chaotic domain is developed by combining a few common assumptions from the power literature. This model results in some interesting implications, such as the finding that multipolarity, bipolarity, and hegemony can all be stable configurations under certain conditions.

关键词： Public goods Hegemony War Time series Chaos theory Social evolution Evolution International politics application programming interfaces Sovereignty

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Disaggregation of Time-Critical applications in Flexible Access System Architecture [Invited]

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2019年第1期11卷 A33-A39页

作者： Asaka, Kota Ujikawa, Hirotaka Uzawa, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Hirotaka Kani, Jun-Ichi Otaka, Akihiro Terada, Jun NTT Corp NTT Access Network Serv Syst Labs 1-1 Hikarino Oka Yokosuka Kanagawa 2390847 Japan

To quickly meet the diverse requirements imposed by emerging new services on optical access networks, we recently proposed the new concept of "flexible access system architecture" (FASA), which features the disaggregation of time-critical applications. This paper introduces our activities on FASA along with related technical trends. As our key ongoing challenge, the modularization of the dynamic bandwidth assignment function in a passive optical network is reviewed, and information on its use cases, approach, and sequences is given. Furthermore, a reference hardware implementation of FASA for mobile service is described.

关键词： application programming interfaces Broadband communication Network function virtualization Software defined networking

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Digital at the edge - antecedents and performance effects of boundary resource deployment

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JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2022年第1期31卷 101708-101708页

作者： Zapadka, Patryk Hanelt, Andre Firk, Sebastian Univ Kassel Chair Digital Transformat Management Henschelstr 2 D-34109 Kassel Germany Univ Groningen Dept Accounting Nettelbosje 2 NL-9747 AE Groningen Netherlands

With business ecosystems digitalizing by the force of digital innovation, the deployment of boundary resources (such as application programming interfaces: APIs) becomes a strategic option across contexts. We distinguish between boundary resources that provide access openness and those that provide resource openness, and theorize the antecedents and consequences of their deployment. Employing panel data regressions to a longitudinal cross-industry dataset, we find that the digital knowledge base of the focal firm and the existence of potential digital complementors drive boundary resource deployment. Such deployment benefits firm performance depending on the firm's market power. From our empirical analysis, we reveal a differentiated perspective on the quality of the confined openness provided by boundary resources as well as the embeddedness of their deployment in the rationales and motivations of the associated actors in digital business ecosystems. We complement the existent theoretical framework on boundary resources and provide valuable insights to managers reflecting about deploying boundary resources in a beneficial way.

关键词： Boundary resources application programming interfaces Digital business ecosystem Firm performance Panel data regression

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Uncharted Saqqara: A postscript

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JOURNAL OF EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1998年第1期84卷 45-+页

作者： Davies, S

W. B. Emery's 1964–71 excavations at the Sacred Animal Necropolis, North Saqqara, uncovered large quantities of bovid material, thought at the time to derive from the Mother of Apis Catacomb. This article suggests instead that the material may have come from other (now lost) bovid galleries in the vicinity, the existence of which is attested by the accounts of eighteenth and nineteenth century travellers who visited them. These accounts are compared and the possible positions of the galleries discussed. References to bovid cults at Saqqara attested in texts but not yet located are set out and certain objects from the site reviewed in an attempt to elucidate the character of the material and the identity of the cults represented by the lost galleries.

关键词： application programming interfaces Mummies Effigies Skull Excavations Cults Escarpments Sand Residential buildings

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IBM POWER9 and cognitive computing

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IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2018年第4-5期62卷 10:1-10:12页

作者： Kumar, M. Horn, W. P. Kepner, J. Moreira, J. E. Pattnaik, P. IBM Res Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

Cognitive applications are complex and are composed of multiple components exhibiting diverse workload behavior. Efficient execution of these applications requires systems that can effectively of handle this diversity. In this paper, we show that IBM POWER9 (TM) shared memory systems have the compute capacity and memory throughput to efficiently handle the broad spectrum of computing requirements for cognitive workloads. We first review the GraphBLAS interface defined for supporting cognitive applications, particularly whole-graph analytics. We show that this application-programming interface effectively separates the concerns between the analytics application developer and the system developer and simultaneously enables good performance by permitting system developers to make platform-specific optimizations. A linear algebra formulation and execution of betweenness centrality kernel in the High-Performance Computing Scalable Graph Analysis Benchmark, for 256 million vertices and 2 billion edges graphs, delivers a sixfold reduction in execution time over a reference implementation. Following that, we present the results of benchmarking the forward propagation step of deep neural networks (DNNs) written in GraphBLAS and executed on POWER9. We present the rationale and evidence for weight matrices of large DNNs being sparse and show that for sparse weight matrices, GraphBLAS/POWER (R) has a two orders-of-magnitude performance advantage over dense implementations. applications requiring analysis of graphs larger than several tens of billion vertices require distributed computing environments such as Apache Spark to provide resilience and parallelism. We show that when linear algebra techniques are implemented in an Apache Spark environment, we are able to leverage the parallelism available in POWER9 Servers.

关键词： Memory management Benchmark testing Parallel processing application programming interfaces Program processors Cognitive systems

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THE TEMPLE OF APIS IN MEMPHIS

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JOURNAL OF EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1990年第1期76卷 141-&页

作者： JONES, M

The evidence for the date and significance of various monuments uncovered in the ‘Embalming House of the Apis Bulls’ is reviewed in the light of recent excavations there. It is suggested that the latest building level dates to the fourth century bc and can be equated with the major renovation undertaken by Nectanebo II, as described on a stela of his year 2 now in the Cairo Museum. In particular, a newly-discovered inscription on a vessel found in situ identifies the site, or some part of it, as the w'bt of the temple of Apis. The fourth-century structure was built on a platform, into the foundations of which were incorporated blocks of Shabako, usurped by Psamtek II. These probably came from the building described by Herodotus II, 153.

关键词： application programming interfaces Calcium sulfate Excavations Temples Stelae Embalming Pavements Brick buildings Adobe buildings Adobe

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