Diazotrophic bacteria are important contributors to salt marsh productivity, but the biotic and abiotic factors that influence their distributions and function and the extent of their diversity cannot be understood in...
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Diazotrophic bacteria are important contributors to salt marsh productivity, but the biotic and abiotic factors that influence their distributions and function and the extent of their diversity cannot be understood in the absence of physiological information. Here we examine the physiological diversity and distribution patterns of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizoplane of the saltmeadow cordgrass, Spartina patens, in comparison with diazotrophs from other intertidal grasses (tall and short form Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus) from the same salt marsh. S. patens plants were collected from two distinct habitats, and a total of 115 strains (111 Gram negative and 4 Gram positive strains) were isolated into pure culture by stab inoculating roots and rhizomes into combined nitrogen-free semisolid media. Most strains were microaerophilic and approximately one-half were motile. API test strips were used to eliminate redundancy within the culture collection, resulting in 21 physiologically different API groups (17 Gram negative and 4 Gram positive groups). A representative strain from each API group was selected for dot blot hybridization with a nifH specific probe and 16 strains (13 Gram negative and 3 Gram positive) were scored as positive. The nifH positive API group representative strains were characterized further using BIOLOG test plates. Substrate utilization potentials defined two S. patens strain clusters, and only one S. patens strain was physiologically similar to any other strain from a different host plant origin. No distinctions could be made based on the different S. patens habitats, suggesting that the host plant may have a greater impact than abiotic environmental conditions on the distributions of the rhizoplane diazotrophs recovered.
Flowering (inflorescence formation) of the grass Lolium temulentum is strictly regulated, occurring rapidly on exposure to a single long day (LD). During floral induction, L. temulentum differs significantly from dico...
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Flowering (inflorescence formation) of the grass Lolium temulentum is strictly regulated, occurring rapidly on exposure to a single long day (LD). During floral induction, L. temulentum differs significantly from dicot species such as Arabidopsis in the expression, at the shoot apex, of two APETALA1 (AP1)-like genes, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2, and of L. temulentum LEAFY (LtLFY). As shown by in situ hybridization, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed in the vegetative shoot apical meristem, but expression increases strongly within 30 h of LD floral induction. Later in floral development, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed within spikelet and floret meristems and in the glume and lemma primordia. It is interesting that LtLFY is detected quite late (about 12 d after LD induction) within the spikelet meristems, glumes, and lemma primordia. These patterns contrast with Arabidopsis, where LFY and AP1 are consecutively activated early during flower formation. LtMADS2, when expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants under the control of the AP1 promoter, could partially complement the organ number defect of the severe ap1-15 mutant allele, confirming a close relationship between LtMADS2 and AP1.
[...]we read in Viduras *** indrasyatithayo hy ete bhavanti purusnihato va ran. e sm abhir vralokam av *** (heaven), vra-loka (the world of heroes).[...]fore-fathers see these (heroes) honoured in Indras assembly, sur...
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[...]we read in Viduras *** indrasyatithayo hy ete bhavanti purusnihato va ran. e sm abhir vralokam av *** (heaven), vra-loka (the world of heroes).
[...]fore-fathers see these (heroes) honoured in Indras assembly, surrounded and gratified by apsaras-es in *** battle-field, then, became the Apsaras svayam. vara-sabh a (an assembly hall where a young damsel is allowed to choose her husband of her own accord).
[...]the battle-field is described in BhasasUrubha nga as follows,vairasy ayatanam. , balasya ***. , m ana-pratis.t.h ***,apsarobhih. parivr.t an modam an am. s *** am. pascima-k ala-vra-sayanam. pr an. ***.v apsaras am. svayam. vara-sabh am. saurya-pratis.t.h am. nr.n. am( Urubha nga 4)We have arrived at the penance-grove ( a srama) called battle, a sanctuary of hostility, touchstone of valour and the site of pride, where warriors assemble in battle to be chosen as bridegrooms by Apsaras-es, the house of manly prowess, the heroic death-bed of kings, a burning-sacrifice of lives and the ladder for kings to *** such circumstances these apsaras-es feel thrilled when they hear war-drums, which herald the approaching warfare.
(5.1.4) Jealousy towards the apsaras-es is held by a warriors wife not only after his death, but even before the battle has actually started when her husband is still alive.
Being confident that her service was superior to that of apsaras-es, she contrived to reach her *** bhimukhah. s ur a dayit a iva *** ah.146 MINORU HARA(5.4.1) Tara despises herself for being simply annoyed by jealousy of the apsaras-es in heaven, and actually wants to be united with her husband in heaven.
[...]she requests Rama to kill her with the same shaft with which he had killed her *** b an. ena hatah. priyo metenaiva mam. tvam. jahi s ayakenahata gamis.y ami sampam asyana mam *** r ama rameta v alsametya sam. *** ca m am apasyanna hy es.a ucc avaca-t amra
According to him, the existence of other minds is inferred from the appearance of other persons speeches and actions.According to the Sautrantikas, the unfitness is for the following three reasons:71) We do not experi...
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According to him, the existence of other minds is inferred from the appearance of other persons speeches and actions.
According to the Sautrantikas, the unfitness is for the following three reasons:71) We do not experience that our own minds produce other persons actions.2) The actions based on our minds are observed in our own bodies, not in the body of another person.3) If other persons actions were based on our minds, other persons actions would be experienced just like our own *** principle, Dharmakrti agrees with the Sautrantikas.
[...]although the movement of the stone cast by us and the movement of another person shaken by us appear as separated from our own body, they are caused by our own intentions.
[...]Dharmakrti concludes that whether the actions are separated from our own body or not is not a crucial factor in inferring other minds.92.4.
[...]we can never perceive the fire of digestion (*** agni), which is substantially.a) from the fire regarded as the cause of smoke.
[...]we cannot determine that a fire common even to the fire of digestion is the cause of smoke.
In this paper, I discuss the distribution and interpretation of free choice items (FCIs) in Greek, a language exhibiting a lexical paradigm of such items distinct from that of negative polarity items. Greek differs in...
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In this paper, I discuss the distribution and interpretation of free choice items (FCIs) in Greek, a language exhibiting a lexical paradigm of such items distinct from that of negative polarity items. Greek differs in this respect from English, which uniformly employs any. FCIs are grammatical only in certain contexts that can be characterized as nonveridical (Giannakidou 1998, 1999), and although they yield universal-like interpretations in certain structures, they are not, I argue, universal quantifiers. Evidence will be provided that FCIs are indefinites, the quasi-universal effect is shown to be the result of binding by an operator with universal force. Additionally, the limited distribution of FCIs in nonveridical contexts can be accounted for by analyzing them as indefinites which must always be interpreted in an intensional type. The difference between 'regular' indefinites and FCIs, therefore, is reduced to a type difference which captures the fact that only the latter exhibit limited distribution: because of their intensional type, FCIs will be grammatical only in contexts providing alternatives (worlds or situations), and nonveridical contexts do exactly this. By contrast, FCIs are excluded form veridical and episodic contexts because these provide no alternatives and hence do not satisfy the lexical semantic requirement of FCIs. The proposed analysis is supported by data from other languages as well (Spanish, Catalan, French) and has important consequences regarding the analysis of English any. If FCIs are not universal quantifiers but indefinites, then the usual ambiguity thesis (free choice any being universal, negative polarity any an existential) can no longer by maintained, at least not as one in terms of quantificational force.
Some 33 lamps were recorded from the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society at North Saqqara (1964-76). They were found in the Baboon, the Falcon and the Mother of Apis Catacombs, in the the associated temple si...
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Some 33 lamps were recorded from the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society at North Saqqara (1964-76). They were found in the Baboon, the Falcon and the Mother of Apis Catacombs, in the the associated temple site and in the monastic establishment eventually built above the latter. Several lamps were contemporary with the primary usage of the temple and the catacombs, and are of Ptolemaic and perhaps of early Roman Imperial date. Late Roman lamps come only from the monastery and its cemetery area, except one found in the entrance of the Mother of Apis Catacomb. The monastery was doubtless deserted before Fatimid times and the several lamps recovered of that and subsequent periods were left behind in the three catacombs by medieval explorers.
This paper describes the concept, and previous realisations, of multi-perspective images in nature, art and visualisation. By showing how distortions have been used for visualisation, it motivates the use of multi-per...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0909925895
This paper describes the concept, and previous realisations, of multi-perspective images in nature, art and visualisation. By showing how distortions have been used for visualisation, it motivates the use of multi-perspective images, which are similar in effect to object based distortions. A new API being developed to facilitate multi-perspective rendering is presented, with particular reference to its suitability for interactive applications. This API is demonstrated in a simple example of a multiperspective image, where five faces of a cube are shown at once. Further work necessary to make multi-perspective images for visualisation a reality is discussed.
Within the last two years, the Java technology has largely entered the world of element, network, and service management and has undoubtedly proven useful in combination with the SNMP framework for bath manager and ag...
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Within the last two years, the Java technology has largely entered the world of element, network, and service management and has undoubtedly proven useful in combination with the SNMP framework for bath manager and agent side developments. However, very few experiments have been made so far trying to provide an in depth integration of this technology within the TMN framework. In this paper we present a free software which offers a generic environment which provides a basis for reaching this integration. This environment, called J(TMN,) is composed of a set of Java software packages which enable both development and deployment of TMN compliant components. Not bound to any specific management platform and easily portable to any TMN system, its goal is to allow experimentation and deployment of more advanced features such as mobile agents, active network management, and advanced delegation in harmony with existing TMN approaches.
Clusters of symmetric shared memory multiprocessors (SMPs) are fast becoming a highly available platform for parallel computing. There is a need for a uniform programming paradigm that allows users to transparently ex...
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Clusters of symmetric shared memory multiprocessors (SMPs) are fast becoming a highly available platform for parallel computing. There is a need for a uniform programming paradigm that allows users to transparently extend parallelism across multiple SMP nodes. A shared memory paradigm leverages the available hardware to handle sharing within an SMP, in addition to providing programming ease. Software distributed shared memory systems support the illusion of shared memory across the cluster via a software runtime layer between the application and the hardware. This approach can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to larger hardware shared memory systems for executing certain classes of workloads. We describe here one such system and discuss its interface, performance and portability through an example real-world application from the scientific domain.
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