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APIUaaS: a reference architecture for facilitating API usage from a data analytics perspective

IET SOFTWARE 2019年第5期13卷 466-478页

作者： Zhao, Jitong Liu, Yan Tongji Univ Sch Software Engn Caoan Rd 4800 Shanghai Peoples R China

Source code examples are key resources for software developers to learn application programming interfaces (APIs) and to understand corresponding usage patterns. Developers usually have to utilise, evaluate and understand code examples from multiple sources, which involve heavy manually processing efforts. To reduce such efforts, there has been growing interest in developing source code mining and recommendation systems. This study proposes API usage as a service (APIUaaS), a reference architecture for facilitating API usage, which allows infrastructures to be built for recommending proper API code examples based on semi-automatic data analytics. This reference architecture contains five logical layers and six global-level architectural concerns. API queries are accepted from programmers, and corresponding code example candidates are extracted from the data sources layer. The detailed structural links between API elements and source codes are captured and stored in the data model & code assets layer. During the recommendation phase, API usages mining, clustering and ranking algorithms are enabled in the knowledge discover & intelligent model layer. Services such as code assist and bug detection are assembled in the API usage services layer. Finally, the authors evaluate APIUaaS from three perspectives: rationality, feasibility, and usability.

关键词： data analysis data mining application program interfaces source code (software) recommender systems cloud computing pattern clustering software architecture reference architecture data analytics perspective source code examples software developers application programming interfaces multiple sources source code mining recommendation systems APIUaaS semiautomatic data analytics global-level architectural concerns API queries data sources layer API elements data model & code assets layer ranking algorithms API usage services layer usage patterns API usage as a service API code examples code example candidates recommendation phase API usages mining clustering algorithm ranking algorithm knowledge discover & intelligent model layer

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Parallel programming in mobile devices with FancyJCL

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2024年第9期80卷 12891-12909页

作者： Afonso, Sergio Gomez-Cardenes, Oscar Exposito, Paula Blanco, Vicente Almeida, Francisco Univ La Laguna ULL Comp Sci & Syst Dept San Francisco de Paula s n San Cristobal la Laguna 38270 Spain

Mobile devices and handheld systems, such as the smartphones and tablets universally extended, are becoming increasingly powerful. Their basic hardware configuration is usually state-of-the-art heterogeneous architectures consisting of multi-core processors and some kind of accelerator such as GPUs or DSPs. Specific code adapted to the architecture is mandatory if high-performance computation is required and low-level libraries and parallelism are needed, which constitutes an important barrier for the usual developer in such devices. In this context, we propose the FancyJCL framework. It provides a high-level abstraction layer that hides implementation details and allows to develop parallel programs for mobile devices. The target platform for FancyJCL is mainly Android and Java developers due to their high market penetration. A very simple, seemingly sequential encoding results in parallel efficient OpenCL code. FancyJCL is itself based on the Fancier framework, which enables optimal memory management across memory spaces on unified memory systems. Benchmarks of FancyJCL code developed for a wide range of image processing algorithms show good performance with low development effort.

关键词： application programming interfaces Hardware acceleration Heterogeneous systems Image processing Mobile computing Parallel programming Performance analysis

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Pre-Encryption and Identification (PEI): An Anti-crypto Ransomware Technique

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IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH 2023年第11期69卷 8058-8066页

作者： Mantri, Aditya Singh, Navjot Kumar, Krishan Dahiya, Sanjay Motilal Nehru Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Prayagraj 211004 India Indian Inst Informat Technol Allahabad Dept Informat Technol Prayagraj 211015 India Natl Inst Technol Uttarakhand Dept Comp Sci & Engn Srinagar 246174 India Ch Devi Lal State Inst Engn & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Panniwala Mota 125077 India

Due to the growing popularity of digital currencies like Bitcoin, criminals have begun producing and marketing ransomware to obtain virtual currency. This work focuses on the main category (crypto-ransomware) of ransomware attacks, making the victim's data impossible to recover once it has been encrypted. It encrypts its victim's files with an encryption algorithm and tries to extort a ransom from the victim. To identify a crypto-ransomware attack at the pre-encryption level, the authors propose a Pre-Encryption and Identification Technique (PEI). Firstly, PEI provides early identification of ransomware. The detection stage uses a signature comparison against the signatures of known crypto-ransomware to detect ransomware before it can be triggered. For reliable file comparison, a Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA-256) signature was generated. Secondly, a detection stage based on a Learning Algorithm (L.A.) consisting of discretization and prediction using a random forest model finds crypto-ransomware through pre-encryption application programming interfaces (APIs). APIs pattern recognition helps the learning algorithm identify crypto-ransomware from suspicious programs. The proposed PEI achieved 97.7% recall and detected both known and unknown crypto-ransomware even before they were implemented.

关键词： application programming interfaces Cryptography Encryption Hacking Hashing Intrusion detection Machine learning Ransomware

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GridAPPS-D Distributed App Architecture and API for Modular and Distributed Grid Operations

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 39862-39875页

作者： Sharma, Poorva Reiman, Andrew P. Anderson, Alexander A. Poudel, Shiva Allwardt, Craig H. Fisher, Andrew R. Slay, Tylor E. Mukherjee, Monish Dubey, Anamika Ogle, James P. Melton, Ronald B. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99354 USA Washington State Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99163 USA

As power distribution systems evolve in complexity and scale, the coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), intelligent devices, and agents become increasingly challenging. Distribution utilities invest in advanced distribution management systems (ADMSs) and distributed energy resource management systems (DERMSs) to enhance distribution systems' reliability, resiliency, and efficiency. Standardizing the application programming Interface (API) for ADMS applications is crucial to accelerate the integration of advanced distribution technologies. This paper introduces a distributed application architecture within the GridAPPS-D platform, aiming to address the limitations of centralized architectures in terms of scalability, maintainability, and flexibility. The proposed architecture draws inspiration from the Laminar Coordination Framework and is validated through extensive stakeholder engagement. Emphasizing extensibility, boundary deference, structural scalability, and securability, the layered framework is well-suited for large-scale distribution networks with diverse grid-edge devices and ownership structures. The contributions of this paper include a distributed layered architecture with defined distributed areas, a Common Information Model (CIM)-based standardized API for developing and deploying distributed applications (Distributed App API), and the design process and reference implementation of distributed services and applications. Based on laminar coordination, the software architecture combines centralized, distributed, and edge-control paradigms for effective distributed operations. The paper concludes with extending the centralized API in GridAPPS-D to distributed APIs for standards-based message exchange, emphasizing the need for scalable communication to coordinate diverse distributed agents. This work provides a foundation for advancing the field of distributed control in power distribution systems, supporting both centralized and

关键词： Computer architecture application programming interfaces Distributed power generation Software Scalability Distributed databases Software architecture Power distribution Reliability engineering application programming interface distributed applications distribution management systems software architecture

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The public accountability of social platforms: lessons from a study on bots and trolls in the Brexit campaign

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018年第2128期376卷 1-12页

作者： Bastos, Marco Mercea, Dan City Univ London Dept Sociol Northampton Sq London EC1V 0HB England

In this article, we review our study of 13 493 bot-like Twitter accounts that tweeted during the UK European Union membership referendum debate and disappeared from the platform after the ballot. We discuss the methodological challenges and lessons learned from a study that emerged in a period of increasing weaponization of social media and mounting concerns about information warfare. We address the challenges and shortcomings involved in bot detection, the extent to which disinformation campaigns on social media are effective, valid metrics for user exposure, activation and engagement in the context of disinformation campaigns, unsupervised and supervised posting protocols, along with infrastructure and ethical issues associated with social sciences research based on large-scale social media data. We argue for improving researchers' access to data associated with contentious issues and suggest that social media platforms should offer public application programming interfaces to allow researchers access to content generated on their networks. We conclude with reflections on the relevance of this research agenda to public policy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.

关键词： bots trolls social platforms application programming interfaces automation accountability

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Corals as proxy recorders of volcanic activity: Evidence from Banda Api, Indonesia

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PALAIOS 1996年第3期11卷 286-292页

作者： Heikoop, JM Tsujita, CJ Risk, MJ Tomascik, T ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT DEV INDONESIA JAKARTA 10220INDONESIA

Corals growing on the flanks of Banda Api, Indonesia, contain records of volcanic activity which occurred in May, 1988. Ashfall killed portions of some massive coral colonies (Porites lobata), resulting in the formation of death surfaces. These surfaces were preferential sites for extensive bioerosion and incorporation of volcanic ash into underlying skeletal pores. Subsequent coral regeneration resulted in the preservation of death/regrowth surfaces overlying trapped volcanic ash. An orange-colored iron-rich chemical precipitate is preserved in the skeletons of corals which survived the volcanic event. These distinct orange bands are contemporaneous with the death/regrowth surfaces. The iron banding is interpreted as being a product of hydrothermal activity which accompanied volcanism. X-radiographs of coral skeletons confirm that the timing of formation of both the death surfaces and the orange banding is coincident with the 1988 eruption. The features preserved in these corals may be valuable proxy indicators of volcanic events in analogous recent and ancient environments.

关键词： Corals Coral reefs Skeleton application programming interfaces Volcanic ash Precipitates Sediments Proxy reporting Proxy statements Chemical deposition

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Composing RESTful services and collaborative workflows - A lightweight approach

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2008年第5期12卷 24-31页

作者： Rosenberg, Florian Curbera, Francisco Duftler, Matthew J. Khalaf, Rania Vienna Univ Technol Distributed Syst Grp Vienna Austria IBM Corp TJ Watson Res Ctr Component Syst Grp Armonk NY 10504 USA

The use of RESTful Web services has gained momentum in the development of distributed applications based on traditional Web standards such as HTTP. In particular, these services can integrate easily into various applications, such as mashups. Composing RESTful services into Web-scale workflows requires a lightweight composition language that's capable of describing both the control and data flow that constitute a workflow. The authors address these issues with Bite, a lightweight and extensible composition language that enables the creation of Web-scale workflows and uses RESTful services as its main composable entities.

关键词： Web services groupware hypermedia markup languages Bite lightweight extensible composition language HTTP RESTful Web service composition Web standard collaborative Web-scale workflow distributed application development representational state transfer mod Workflow Lightweight application programming interfaces Groupware hypermedia markup languages Web Service rapid application development Legal Services Hypertext Transfer Protocol Composing

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Automated quantitative microstructural analysis using the open-source server-client platform OMERO

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PRAKTISCHE METALLOGRAPHIE-PRACTICAL METALLOGRAPHY 2023年第12期60卷 820-837页

作者： Friedmann, V. Bellmer, M. Antons, R. Hafok, H. Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoffmech Wohlerstr 11 D-79108 Freiburg Germany

OpenMicroscopyEnvironment Remote Objects (OMERO) is an open-source client-server system for archiving, visualizing and analyzing image data and associated meta-data in a repository and making the data usable in a database [1]. For this paper, OMERO has been studied as an image data repository and was selected as a central data space for metallography. Based on use cases examples from the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM), various possibilities of automated microstructural analysis using OMERO will be presented and discussed.

关键词： Open-source image data repository OMERO microscopy data metadata application interfaces image analysis application programming interfaces digitization FAIR

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Recommending reference API documentation

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2015年第6期20卷 1558-1586页

作者： Robillard, Martin P. Chhetri, Yam B. McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ Canada

Reference documentation is an important source of information on API usage. However, information useful to programmers can be buried in irrelevant text, or attached to a non-intuitive API element, making it difficult to discover. We propose to detect and recommend fragments of API documentation potentially important to a programmer who has already decided to use a certain API element. We categorize text fragments in API documentation based on whether they contain information that is indispensable, valuable, or neither. From the fragments that contain knowledge worthy of recommendation, we extract word patterns, and use these patterns to automatically find new fragments that contain similar knowledge in unseen documentation. We implemented our technique in a tool, Krec, that supports both information filtering and discovery. In an evaluation study with randomly-sampled method definitions from ten open source systems, we found that with a training set derived from about 1000 documentation units, we could issue recommendations with 90 % precision and 69 % recall. In a study involving ten independent assessors, indispensable knowledge items recommended for API types were judged useful 57 % of the time and potentially useful an additional 30 % of the time.

关键词： application programming interfaces API documentation Text classification Natural language processing Recommendation systems

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Real-time analysis and predictability of the health functional food market using big data

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FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021年第13期30卷 1667-1674页

作者： Kim, Sang-Soon Lim, Seokwon Kim, Sangoh Dankook Univ Dept Food Engn Dandae Ro 119 Cheonan Si 31116 Chungcheongnam South Korea Gachon Univ Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol Sungnamdero 1342 Sungnam Si 13120 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Sangmyung Univ Dept Plant & Food Engn Sangmyeongdae Gil 31 Cheonan Si 31066 Chungcheongnam South Korea

This study conducted a real-time analysis of the health functional food market using big data. To assess the scope of big data in market analysis, big data of the health food category were compared and analyzed with actual market data. Data were first collected using a program to obtain data, through application programming interfaces, followed by SPSS to compare and analyze the actual market index and shopping search word data. The correlation between the online search data and the actual market was high, indicating that online search data can be used to predict the trend of the actual market. Various types of data, such as items and major functional ingredients, can be collected and analyzed through the program developed for this study, which is also used to predict the market trend. The results demonstrate how APIs can be used to predict market size in the food industry effectively.

关键词： Big data application programming interfaces Online shopping Health functional food programming

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