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Quality-Preserving Linear Elasticity Mesh Movement Algorithm for Multi-Element Unstructured Meshes

AIAA JOURNAL 2019年第2期57卷 521-531页

作者： Brown, David A. Nadarajah, Siva Yang, Hong Castonguay, Patrice Raiesi, Hassan Sermeus, Kurt Germain, Patrick McGill Univ Dept Mech Engn Montreal PQ H3A 2T6 Canada Bombardier Inc Adv Aerodynam Montreal PQ H4S 2A9 Canada

A linear elasticity mesh movement algorithm is presented for unstructured computational aerodynamic meshes consisting of multiple element types. An adaptive method for incrementally stiffening mesh elements is proposed based on mesh element quality. Mesh element quality is defined as the condition number of the coordinate mapping from the element at the previous increment to the current increment. This definition is adopted because it is applicable to elements of arbitrary shape or size. Augmenting the linear elasticity algorithm with this quality metric is demonstrated to improve the success rate of an implicit flow solver on the moved mesh for two practical three-dimensional test cases of industrial relevance and scale.

关键词： Linear Elasticity Industrial Relevance Poisson's Ratio Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Tetrahedral Element Stiffness Matrices Aspect Ratio CFD application programming interface Dirichlet Boundary Condition

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Spacecraft Attitude Determination System Using Nano-Optical Devices and Linux Software Libraries

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第8期10卷 369-384页

作者： Shake, Christopher M. Saulnier, Kelsey Bevilacqua, Riccardo Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Troy NY 12180 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

This paper presents a new spacecraft attitude determination system based on small optical devices and Linux-based software. This technology intends to support nanosatellite operations by providing low-cost, low-mass, low-volume, low-power, and redundant attitude determination capabilities with quick and straightforward onboard programmability for real-time spacecraft operations. The chosen commercial-off-the-shelf optical devices perform sensing and image processing on the same circuit board, and they are biologically inspired by insects' vision systems, which measure optical flow and/or track objects while navigating the environment. The firmware on the devices is modified here to enable communication with PC/104 form-factor embedded computers running RealTime application interface for Linux. Algorithms are developed for operations using optical flow mode and point-tracking mode, and an application programming interface, along with Simulink(R) S-functions, is created. The performances of the proposed system, used in optical flow mode, point-tracking mode, and a combination of the two, are assessed using a spacecraft simulator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and they are compared with measurements from the PhaseSpace(R) motion-tracking system.

关键词： Spacecraft Attitude Nano Optical Devices Linux Software Nanosatellite application programming interface Image Processing Commercial off the Shelf Quaternions Optical Sensor Transmission Control Protocol

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SmartData: an IoT-ready API for sensor networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SENSOR NETWORKS 2018年第3期28卷 202-210页

作者： Frohlich, Antonio Augusto Univ Fed Santa Catarina Software Hardware Integrat Lab BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil

Despite intense research on wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the last two decades, programmers still do not have a cohesive and expressive application programming interface (API) to model their applications and to connect them to the internet of things (IoT). In this paper, we introduced SmartData, a high-level API for WSN aiming at leveraging the myriad of features available on such networks while delivering a common abstraction for sensed data that facilitates application development without incurring significant overhead. SmartData is enriched with enough metadata to become self-contained regarding semantics, spatial location, timing, and trustfulness. It is meant to be the only application-visible construct in the platform and therefore implicitly mediates all system services, including communication, synchronisation, and the interaction with transducers and actuators, local or remote. Reading a SmartData implies in sensing. Writing to it defines a new setpoint for actuators. We demonstrate the concept through the automation of a solar building with a set of SmartData in C++.

关键词： WSN wireless sensor network IoT internet of things sensing API application programming interface sensing data management

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Flexible Formulation of Spatial Integration Constraints in Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

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AIAA JOURNAL 2020年第6期58卷 2571-2580页

作者： Brelje, Benjamin J. Anibal, Joshua L. Yildirim, Anil Mader, Charles A. Martins, Joaquim R. R. A. Univ Michigan Dept Aerosp Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

In aircraft design, spatial integration limits aerodynamic and structural performance. While the outer mold line shape determines aircraft aerodynamic characteristics, aircraft systems and passengers or payloads must fit inside. Emerging categories of aircraft, such as electric aircraft, are likely to experience new and critical spatial integration challenges. Existing aerodynamic shape optimization tools use a narrowly defined set of geometric constraints. However, no known aerodynamic optimization framework can handle spatial integration constraints derived directly from three-dimensional (3-D) geometry. A general geometric constraint formulation based on triangulated 3-D geometry is proposed. The constraint consists of two metrics: the length of the intersection curve(s) between any two objects, and the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser function aggregated minimum distance. The proposed implementation of the intersection and distance computations is fast and analytically differentiable with respect to geometric design variables, making it suitable for efficient gradient-based optimization. The constraint formulation is validated using three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes-based aerodynamic shape optimization problems: a 2-D fairing design problem, a 3-D fairing design problem, and the design of an aeroshell to surround a human avatar. It is shown that this approach is robust and efficient, enabling the aerodynamic optimization of bodies containing objects with arbitrary shapes.

关键词： Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Aircraft Design Electric Aircraft Aircraft Systems Aeroshells Sparse Nonlinear Optimizer CFD application programming interface Shape Optimization

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Towards Increased Understanding of Open Data Use for Software Development

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS 2021年第2期23卷 495-513页

作者： Grzenda, Maciej Legierski, Jaroslaw Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Math & Informat Sci Ul Koszykowa 75 PL-00662 Warsaw Poland Orange Polska SA IoT & Adv Technol Ul Wolumen 11 PL-01912 Warsaw Poland

The way open data resources of varied type and volume are used by software applications remains only partly known. In this study, following CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining, we propose a methodology for collecting and analyzing access data describing the use of open data resources by individual software applications. The methodology includes novel categorization of the data collected at an exposition portal providing access to underlying open data portals and third-party services. Furthermore, it enables research into the use of both different open data resources and resource groups such as Big Data resources for software development. We apply the methodology to analyze the re-use of open urban data during reference software development events. The identification of open data use by individual applications is largely improved compared to baseline scenario, as shown by numerical indicators including F-1 measure. Insight into re-use of data streams and actual development time is obtained.

关键词： Open data application development application programming interface Big data

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Affordable Virtual Reality Setup for Educational Aerospace Robotics Simulation and Testing

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2020年第1期17卷 66-69页

作者： Shi, Zhenyu McGhan, Catharine L. R. Univ Cincinnati Dept Aerosp Engn AS4SR Lab Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

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Simulation and development environment for mobile 3D graphics architectures

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2007年第5期1卷 501-507页

作者： Lee, W.-J. Park, W.-C. Srini, V. P. Han, T.-D. Yonsei Univ Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci Media Syst Lab Seoul 120749 South Korea Sejong Univ Sch Comp Engn Dept Internet Comp Seoul 143747 South Korea Data Flux Syst Inc Berkeley CA USA

This paper describes a simulation and development environment for designing mobile three-dimensional (3D) graphics architectures. The proposed simulation and verification environment (SVE) uses glTrace's ability to intercept and redirect an OpenGL vertical bar ES streams. The SVE simulates the behaviour of mobile 3D graphics pipeline during the playback of traces and produces the second geometry trace that can be used as a test vector for the Verilog/hardware discription language RT-level model. An architectural verification can be conducted by comparing the frame-by-frame results. The functionality of the SVE is demonstrated by designing a mobile 3D graphics architecture and implementing the verified architecture on field programmable gate array (FPGA) boards. An application development environment (ADE) is also presented that includes a mobile graphics application programming interface and a device driver interface. The proposed SVE and the ADE could be efficiently used for developing and testing mobile applications, architectural analysis and hardware designs.

关键词： device drivers FPGA application development environment verification environment rendering (computer graphics) computer graphic equipment application program interfaces RT-level model mobile 3D graphics architecture application programming interface mobile computing graphics rendering device driver interface hardware discription language Verilog field programmable gate array simulation

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API2MoL: Automating the building of bridges between APIs and Model-Driven Engineering

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2012年第3期54卷 257-273页

作者： Canovas Izquierdo, Javier Luis Jouault, Frederic Cabot, Jordi Garcia Molina, Jesus Ecole Mines Nantes F-44307 Nantes France INRIA F-44307 Nantes France Univ Murcia Fac Informat Dept Comp & Syst E-30071 Murcia Spain

Context: A software artefact typically makes its functionality available through a specialized application programming interface (API) describing the set of services offered to client applications. In fact, building any software system usually involves managing a plethora of APIs, which complicates the development process. In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). where models are the key elements of any software engineering activity, this API management should take place at the model level. Therefore, tools that facilitate the integration of APIs and MDE are clearly needed. Objective: Our goal is to automate the implementation of API-MDE bridges for supporting both the creation of models from API objects and the generation of such API objects from models. In this sense, this paper presents the API2MoL approach, which provides a declarative rule-based language to easily write mapping definitions to link API specifications and the metamodel that represents them. These definitions are then executed to convert API objects into model elements or vice versa. The approach also allows both the metamodel and the mapping to be automatically obtained from the API specification (bootstrap process). Method: After implementing the API2MoL engine, its correctness was validated using several APIs. Since APIs are normally large, we then developed a tool to implement the bootstrap process, which was also validated. Results: We provide a toolkit (language and bootstrap tool) for the creation of bridges between APIs and MDE. The current implementation focuses on Java APIs, although its adaptation to other statically typed object-oriented languages is straightforward. The correctness, expressiveness and completeness of the approach have been validated with the Swing, SWT and JTwitter APIs. Conclusion: API2MoL frees developers from having to manually implement the tasks of obtaining models from API objects and generating such objects from models. This helps to manage API models in MDE-based so

关键词： application programming interface Model-Driven Engineering Domain-Specific Languages

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GridAPPS-D Distributed App Architecture and API for Modular and Distributed Grid Operations

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 39862-39875页

作者： Sharma, Poorva Reiman, Andrew P. Anderson, Alexander A. Poudel, Shiva Allwardt, Craig H. Fisher, Andrew R. Slay, Tylor E. Mukherjee, Monish Dubey, Anamika Ogle, James P. Melton, Ronald B. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99354 USA Washington State Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99163 USA

As power distribution systems evolve in complexity and scale, the coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), intelligent devices, and agents become increasingly challenging. Distribution utilities invest in advanced distribution management systems (ADMSs) and distributed energy resource management systems (DERMSs) to enhance distribution systems' reliability, resiliency, and efficiency. Standardizing the application programming interface (API) for ADMS applications is crucial to accelerate the integration of advanced distribution technologies. This paper introduces a distributed application architecture within the GridAPPS-D platform, aiming to address the limitations of centralized architectures in terms of scalability, maintainability, and flexibility. The proposed architecture draws inspiration from the Laminar Coordination Framework and is validated through extensive stakeholder engagement. Emphasizing extensibility, boundary deference, structural scalability, and securability, the layered framework is well-suited for large-scale distribution networks with diverse grid-edge devices and ownership structures. The contributions of this paper include a distributed layered architecture with defined distributed areas, a Common Information Model (CIM)-based standardized API for developing and deploying distributed applications (Distributed App API), and the design process and reference implementation of distributed services and applications. Based on laminar coordination, the software architecture combines centralized, distributed, and edge-control paradigms for effective distributed operations. The paper concludes with extending the centralized API in GridAPPS-D to distributed APIs for standards-based message exchange, emphasizing the need for scalable communication to coordinate diverse distributed agents. This work provides a foundation for advancing the field of distributed control in power distribution systems, supporting both centralized and

关键词： Computer architecture application programming interfaces Distributed power generation Software Scalability Distributed databases Software architecture Power distribution Reliability engineering application programming interface distributed applications distribution management systems software architecture

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fine-GRAPE: fine-grained APi usage extractor - an approach and dataset to investigate API usage

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2017年第3期22卷 1348-1371页

作者： Sawant, Anand Ashok Bacchelli, Alberto Delft Univ Technol Mekelweg 4 NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands

An application programming interface (API) provides a set of functionalities to a developer with the aim of enabling reuse. APIs have been investigated from different angles such as popularity usage and evolution to get a better understanding of their various characteristics. For such studies, software repositories are mined for API usage examples. However, many of the mining algorithms used for such purposes do not take type information into account. Thus making the results unreliable. In this paper, we aim to rectify this by introducing fine-GRAPE, an approach that produces fine-grained API usage information by taking advantage of type information while mining API method invocations and annotation. By means of fine-GRAPE, we investigate API usages from Java projects hosted on GitHub. We select five of the most popular APIs across GitHub Java projects and collect historical API usage information by mining both the release history of these APIs and the code history of every project that uses them. We perform two case studies on the resulting dataset. The first measures the lag time of each client. The second investigates the percentage of used API features. In the first case we find that for APIs that release more frequently clients are far less likely to upgrade to a more recent version of the API as opposed to clients of APIs that release infrequently. The second case study shows us that for most APIs there is a small number of features that is actually used and most of these features relate to those that have been introduced early in the APIs lifecycle.

关键词： application programming interface API usage API popularity Dataset

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