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SINNER: A Reward-Sensitive Algorithm for Imbalanced Malware Classification Using Neural Networks with Experience Replay

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INFORMATION 2024年第8期15卷 425页

作者： Coscia, Antonio Iannacone, Andrea Maci, Antonio Stamerra, Alessandro BV TECH SpA Cybersecur Lab I-20123 Milan Italy

Reports produced by popular malware analysis services showed a disparity in samples available for different malware families. The unequal distribution between such classes can be attributed to several factors, such as technological advances and the application domain that seeks to infect a computer virus. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms when learning multi-class classification tasks using imbalanced datasets. This can be achieved by updating the learning function such that correct and incorrect predictions performed on the minority class are more rewarded or penalized, respectively. This procedure can be logically implemented by leveraging the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) paradigm through a proper formulation of the Markov decision process (MDP). This paper proposes SINNER, i.e., a DRL-based multi-class classifier that approaches the data imbalance problem at the algorithmic level by exploiting a redesigned reward function, which modifies the traditional MDP model used to learn this task. Based on the experimental results, the proposed formula appears to be successful. In addition, SINNER has been compared to several DL-based models that can handle class skew without relying on data-level techniques. Using three out of four datasets sourced from the existing literature, the proposed model achieved state-of-the-art classification performance.

关键词： application programming interface class skew deep learning deep reinforcement learning experience replay imbalanced data malware analysis neural networks

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Comparison of Three Different Open Architecture Controllers

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2001年第10期34卷 115-119页

作者： János Nacsa Computer and Automation Research Institute (www.sztaki.hu) Kende u. 13 H-IIII Budapest Hungary

Since the late 80s there are a growing need of the machine tool builders and the end users to have open architecture controllers. Different levels of openness can be defined analyzing the available research results and products. The main initiatives leading the current research in these efforts are the European OSACA, the American OMAC and the OSEC from Japan. A complex comparison of these projects and their goals and achievements is presented in this paper. It is stated that in their present form it is not possible to merge easily the three results to get a unified and potentially worldwide accepted open architecture controller.

关键词： open architecture controller CNC reference architecture application programming interface

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Indivo: a personally controlled health record for health information exchange and communication

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BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING 2007年第1期7卷 25-25页

作者： Mandl, Kenneth D. Simons, William W. Crawford, William C. R. Abbett, Jonathan M. Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Technol Childrens Hosp Informat Program Boston MA USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Ctr Biomed Informat Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Background: Personally controlled health records (PCHRs), a subset of personal health records (PHRs), enable a patient to assemble, maintain and manage a secure copy of his or her medical data. Indivo (formerly PING) is an open source, open standards PCHR with an open application programming interface (API). Results: We describe how the PCHR platform can provide standard building blocks for networked PHR applications. Indivo allows the ready integration of diverse sources of medical data under a patient's control through the use of standards-based communication protocols and APIs for connecting PCHRs to existing and future health information systems. Conclusion: The strict and transparent personal control model is designed to encourage widespread participation by patients, healthcare providers and institutions, thus creating the ecosystem for development of innovative, consumer-focused healthcare applications.

关键词： application programming interface Personal Health Record Health Information Exchange Healthcare Information Workplace Health Promotion

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Development of Information Technologies for Storage of Data of Instrumental Observation Networks of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

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Procedia Computer Science 2015年 66卷 584-591页

作者： Aleksei A. Sorokin Sergey P. Korolev Andrey N. Polyakov Computing Center of the Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Khabarovsk Russia National Research Centre “Kurchatov institute” Moscow Russia

The paper describes the development of information technologies for distributed storage of data of instrumental observation networks created by the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS). The prime goal of the distributed storage design is to process a large amount of real-time seismological data and provide fast and secure access using a cloud storage platform based on OpenStack Swift. On its basis, the allocation of the corresponding data storage has been done. The interaction with storage using existing application software as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of the solution is described.

关键词： data files databases cloud computing network of instrumental observations structured scientific datasets archive automated information system application programming interface

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The disinformation landscape and the lockdown of social platforms

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INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY 2019年第11期22卷 1531-1543页

作者： Walker, Shawn Mercea, Dan Bastos, Marco Arizona State Univ Sch Social & Behav Sci West Campus Phoenix AZ 85069 USA City Univ London Dept Sociol London England City Univ London Dept Sociol Media & Commun London England

This introduction to the special issue considers how independent research on mis/disinformation campaigns can be conducted in a corporate environment hostile to academic research. We provide an overview of the disinformation landscape in the wake of the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal and social platforms' decision to enforce access lockdowns and the throttling of application programming interfaces (APIs) for data collection. We argue that the governance shift from user communities to social media algorithms, along with social platforms' intensive emphasis on generating revenue from user data, has eroded the mutual trust of networked publics and opened the way for dis/misinformation campaigns. We discuss the importance of open, public APIs for academic research as well as the unique challenges of collecting social media data to study highly ephemeral mis/disinformation campaigns. The introduction concludes with an assessment of the growing data access gap that not only hinders research of public interest, but that may also preclude researchers from identifying meaningful research questions as activity on social platforms becomes increasingly more inscrutable and unobservable.

关键词： Disinformation misinformation social media platforms application programming interface community

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Development of an Interactive Medical Knowledge Graph Based Tool Set

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Procedia Computer Science 2023年 221卷 578-584页

作者： Xiaowei Xu Xuwen Wang Meng Wu Hetong Ma Liu Shen Jiao Li Institute of Medical Information & Library Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences& Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100020 China Key Laboratory of Medical Information Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100020 China

The field of clinical research has reached a turning point in terms of the range and diversity of available data and their potential to improve human health and well-being. However, due to discipline-specific variances in terminology and representation, the data is often compartmentalized, disorganized, and inaccessible to a broad audience. In response to these challenges, we designed and evaluated a pilot knowledge graph-based MedKaaS tool capable of integrating existing clinical datasets and translating those data into insights intended to augment human reasoning and accelerate scientific research. In this paper, we present the architecture and performance of our system, which has been applied to several real-world use cases in collaboration with subject-matter specialists. The MedKaaS Tools are actively developed, with regular updates to performance and features. Our future plans include developing a more user-friendly interface and expanding the visualization capabilities for knowledge exploration.

关键词： knowledge graph visualization application programming interface biomedical data

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OryzaPG-DB: Rice Proteome Database based on Shotgun Proteogenomics

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BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011年第1期11卷 63-63页

作者： Helmy, Mohamed Tomita, Masaru Ishihama, Yasushi Keio Univ Inst Adv Biosci Yamagata 9970017 Japan Keio Univ Grad Sch Media & Governance Syst Biol Program Kanagawa 2520882 Japan Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068501 Japan

Background: Proteogenomics aims to utilize experimental proteome information for refinement of genome annotation. Since mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics approaches provide large-scale peptide sequencing data with high throughput, a data repository for shotgun proteogenomics would represent a valuable source of gene expression evidence at the translational level for genome re-annotation. Description: Here, we present OryzaPG-DB, a rice proteome database based on shotgun proteogenomics, which incorporates the genomic features of experimental shotgun proteomics data. This version of the database was created from the results of 27 nanoLC-MS/MS runs on a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer, which offers high accuracy for analyzing tryptic digests from undifferentiated cultured rice cells. Peptides were identified by searching the product ion spectra against the protein, cDNA, transcript and genome databases from Michigan State University, and were mapped to the rice genome. Approximately 3200 genes were covered by these peptides and 40 of them contained novel genomic features. Users can search, download or navigate the database per chromosome, gene, protein, cDNA or transcript and download the updated annotations in standard GFF3 format, with visualization in PNG format. In addition, the database scheme of OryzaPG was designed to be generic and can be reused to host similar proteogenomic information for other species. OryzaPG is the first proteogenomics-based database of the rice proteome, providing peptide-based expression profiles, together with the corresponding genomic origin, including the annotation of novelty for each peptide. Conclusions: The OryzaPG database was constructed and is freely available at http://***/.

关键词： Genome Annotation application programming interface Genomic Feature Shotgun Proteomics Expression Evidence

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Examining the impact of spatial accessibility to rehabilitation facilities on the degree of disability: A heterogeneity perspective

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SSM-POPULATION HEALTH 2023年 23卷 101489页

作者： Qiu, Ning Zhang, Tianjie Cheng, Jianquan Shandong Jianzhu Univ Sch Architecture & Urban Planning Jinan Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sch Architecture Tianjin Peoples R China Manchester Metropolitan Univ Dept Nat Sci Manchester Lancs England

The positive effect of healthcare facilities on residents' health has been extensively studied. However, few studies have focused on the role of rehabilitation services as unique healthcare services for persons with disabilities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the spatial accessibility of rehabilitation facilities and the degree of disability. To this end, an approach of measuring the spatial accessibility of rehabilitation facilities to persons with disabilities was proposed. This approach integrates multiple key elements including the characteristics of facilities (i.e., the capacity, frequency of use and service radius), characteristics of the mobility of persons with disabilities (i.e., the mode of travel, escort support, transportation fee and barrier-free environment requirements) and travel time obtained from a routing application programme interface. The accessibility of rehabilitation facilities was calculated at the neighbourhood level within the Central Urban Area of Tianjin Municipality. The ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that higher accessibility to rehabilitation facilities generally corresponded to lower severity of disability. However, the impact varied depending on the type of disability. Increased accessibility was associated with greater severity of intellectual disability, whereas it was linked to reduced severity of visual, hearing, limb, mental and speech disabilities. It is suggested to incorporate disability diversity and the accessibility of rehabilitation facilities into spatial planning and governance.

关键词： Spatial accessibility of rehabilitation facilities Monetization of travel costs Degree of disability Diversity of disability application programming interface Barrier-free facilities

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Visualization Environment for Federated Knowledge Graphs: Development of an Interactive Biomedical Query Language and Web application interface

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JMIR MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2020年第11期8卷 e17964页

作者： Cox, Steven Ahalt, Stanley C. Balhoff, James Bizon, Chris Fecho, Karamarie Kebede, Yaphet Morton, Kenneth Tropsha, Alexander Wang, Patrick Xu, Hao Univ N Carolina Renaissance Comp Inst 100 Europa DrSuite 540 Chapel Hill NC 27517 USA CoVar Appl Technol Durham NC USA Univ N Carolina UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm Chapel Hill NC 27517 USA

Background: Efforts are underway to semantically integrate large biomedical knowledge graphs using common upper-level ontologies to federate graph-oriented application programming interfaces (APIs) to the data. However, federation poses several challenges, including query routing to appropriate knowledge sources, generation and evaluation of answer subsets, semantic merger of those answer subsets, and visualization and exploration of results. Objective: We aimed to develop an interactive environment for query, visualization, and deep exploration of federated knowledge graphs. Methods: We developed a biomedical query language and web application interphase-termed as Translator Query Language (TranQL)-to query semantically federated knowledge graphs and explore query results. TranQL uses the Biolink data model as an upper-level biomedical ontology and an API standard that has been adopted by the Biomedical Data Translator Consortium to specify a protocol for expressing a query as a graph of Biolink data elements compiled from statements in the TranQL query language. Queries are mapped to federated knowledge sources, and answers are merged into a knowledge graph, with mappings between the knowledge graph and specific elements of the query. The TranQL interactive web application includes a user interface to support user exploration of the federated knowledge graph. Results: We developed 2 real-world use cases to validate TranQL and address biomedical questions of relevance to translational science. The use cases posed questions that traversed 2 federated Translator API endpoints: Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service (ICEES) and Reasoning Over Biomedical Objects linked in Knowledge Oriented Pathways (ROBOKOP). ICEES provides open access to observational clinical and environmental data, and ROBOKOP provides access to linked biomedical entities, such as "gene," "chemical substance," and "disease," that are derived largely from curated public data sources

关键词： knowledge graphs clinical data biomedical data federation ontologies semantic harmonization visualization application programming interface translational science clinical practice

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Pancreatlas: Applying an Adaptable Framework to Map the Human Pancreas in Health and Disease

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PATTERNS 2020年第8期1卷 100120页

作者： Saunders, Diane C. Messmer, James Kusmartseva, Irina Beery, Maria L. Yang, Mingder Atkinson, Mark A. Powers, Alvin C. Cartailler, Jean-Philippe Brissova, Marcela Vanderbilt Univ Med Ctr Dept Med Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Nashville TN 37235 USA Univ Florida Coll Med Diabet Inst Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med Gainesville FL USA Univ Florida Coll Med Diabet Inst Dept Pediat Gainesville FL USA VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare Syst Nashville TN USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys Nashville TN 37232 USA Vanderbilt Univ Ctr Stem Cell Biol Creat Data Solut Shared Resource 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA

Human tissue phenotyping generates complex spatial information from numerous imaging modalities, yet images typically become static figures for publication, and original data and metadata are rarely available. While comprehensive image maps exist for some organs, most resources have limited support for multiplexed imaging or have non-intuitive user interfaces. Therefore, we built a Pancreatlas resource that integrates several technologies into a unique interface, allowing users to access richly annotated web pages, drill down to individual images, and deeply explore data online. The current version of Pancreatlas contains over 800 unique images acquired by whole-slide scanning, confocal microscopy, and imaging mass cytometry, and is available at https://***. To create this human pancreas-specific biological imaging resource, we developed a React-based web application and Python-based application programming interface, collectively called Flexible Framework for Integrating and Navigating Data (FFIND), which can be adapted beyond Pancreatlas to meet countless imaging or other structured data-management needs.

关键词： DSML 3: Development/Pre-production: Data science output has been rolled out/validated across multiple domains/problems application programming interface data integration data publication and archiving human pancreas development imaging databases microscopy open source pancreas imaging software diabetes web resource

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