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STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-5 PRODUCED BY CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS

JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990年第2期107卷 292-297页

作者： MINAMITAKE, Y KODAMA, S KATAYAMA, T ADACHI, H TANAKA, S TSUJIMOTO, M SUNTORY INST BIOMED RES SHIMAMOTO OSAKA 618 JAPAN

The complete peptide map of purified recombinant human interleukin 5 (rhIL-5) was determined to verify its primary structure, glycosylation sites, and disulfide bonding structure. Each peptide fragment generated by Achromobacter protease I (API) digestion was purified and characterized by amino acid analysis and amion acid sequence analysis. After digestion with API, we could identify all the peptides which were expected from human IL-5 cDNA sequence. The analyses of sulfhydryl content in rhIL-5 molecule and disulfide-containing peptide obtained from API digestion indicated that active form of rhIL-5 existed as an antiparallel dimer linked by two pairs of Cys-44 and Cys-86. In addition, we concluded that Thr-3 and Asn-28 were glycosylated. The results indicate that primary structure of rhIL-5 is highly homogeneous and observed heterogeneity is due to the difference in the content of carbohydrate.

关键词： CHO Cells peptide fragment genetic modification Interleukin-5 American Petroleum Institute API amino acid analysis Primary structure Protein sequence analysis application programming interfaces ovary cell Peptides Digestion AXIAL POWER INDICATOR

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RELATIVE ENTEROTOXIGENICITY OF COLIFORM BACTERIA

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JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1977年第2期136卷 205-215页

作者： KLIPSTEIN, FA ENGERT, RF SHORT, HB UNIV ROCHESTER MED CTR SCH MED & DENT DEPT MED ROCHESTER NY 14642 USA UNIV ROCHESTER MED CTR SCH MED & DENT DEPT MICROBIOL ROCHESTER NY 14642 USA

The enterotoxigenicty of 12 coliform strains (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) isolated from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of persons with acute diarrhea or tropical sprue and of 13 strains of the same species isolated from urine (GU) cultures was determined. Fractions of heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins of each strain were separated by ultrafiltration, and the effect of graded concentrations (range, 100 .mu.g-10 pg/ml) on water transport was assessed by in vivo perfusion in the rat jejunum. Enterotoxigenic activity was defined as inducement of net secretion of water. All 12 of the GI strains and 6 of 13 GU strains elaborated enterotoxins, but there was a millionfold quantitative difference in the potency of the toxins produced. All GI strains produced 1 or both forms of toxin, which had a minimal effective concentration of as low as 0.1-10 ng/ml;GU strains produced toxins of weak or, rarely, intermediate potency.

关键词： Escherichia coli Enterotoxins Diarrhea Secretion Perfusion Coliform bacteria Jejunum application programming interfaces Enterobacter cloacae

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Pulsar: A resource-control architecture for time-critical service-oriented applications

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IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2008年第2期47卷 265-280页

作者： Astley, M. Bhola, S. Ward, M. J. Shagin, K. Paz, H. Gershinsky, G. Two Sigma Investments LLC New York NY 10012 USA IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Hawthorne NY 10532 USA IBM Corp Haifa Res Lab IL-31905 Haifa Israel

The complexity of real-time systems is growing extremely rapidly, as they move from isolated devices to multilevel networked systems. Traditional methodologies for developing and managing these systems are not scaling to meet the requirements of a new generation of distributed applications. While developers of complex real-time applications are looking to service-oriented architecture to address their needs for ease of development and flexibility of integration, current software infrastructures for service-oriented applications do not address the issue of predictable latency for the applications they host. in this paper, we present Pulsar, a resource-control architecture for managing the end-to-end latency of a set of distributed, time-critical applications. The primary entity of Pulsar is called a controller, which regulates an aspect of resource allocation or scheduling policy. Controllers utilize policy configurations, which may include latency targets to be achieved or resource allocations to be honored, and interact with resource allocators and schedulers (e.g., thread schedulers, memory allocators, or bandwidth reservation mechanisms) to effect local policy. Controllers also provide feedback on how well they are executing a policy. Pulsar includes an application model which captures resource-sensitive behavior and requirements and is independent of high-level programming models and application programming interfaces.

关键词： Feedback Service-oriented architecture aspect DEAE Dextran Policies real-time application program Resource utilization application programming interfaces managed system Pulsars real-time systems Controllers Latency

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How plants pattern flowers:: Lessons from molecular genetic studies of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana a model plant

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2001年第2期80卷 233-243页

作者： Vijayraghavan, U Indian Inst Sci Dept Microbiol & Cell Biol Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

Understanding mechanisms that regulate when, where and how flowers are formed would elucidate cell-fate determination in plants. Some of the advances made towards deciphering genes controlling floral induction, meristem specification and floral organ patterning are reviewed here. Studies beginning in the early 1980s of mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana of Antirrhinum majus that alter either floral induction or floral meristem fate or floral organ fate were start points for these analyses. Cloning and functional characterization of the corresponding genes has illustrated how transcription factors of the MADS box gene-family or factors involved in cell-cell signalling regulate cell fate. These studies reveal evolutionarily conserved elements in the flower development pathway.

关键词： Plants Meristems Genes Gene expression Plant cells application programming interfaces Petals Inflorescences Stamens

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THE AUTONOMY OF PROBABILITY-THEORY (NOTES ON KOLMOGOROV, RENYI, AND POPPER)

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BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 1989年第2期40卷 167-181页

作者： LEBLANC, H TEMPLE UNIV PHILADELPHIAPA 19122 USA

A. N. Kolmogorov and A. Renyi both presuppose a Boolean algebra in their accounts of an absolute probability space, but Karl Popper does not. A review of the accounts of an absolute probability space put forward b... 详细信息

关键词： Boolean algebras Probabilities Probability distributions Mathematical functions Indiscernibility Equivalence relation Political independence application programming interfaces Philosophy of science

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The Mimetic Methods Toolkit: An object-oriented API for Mimetic Finite Differences

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014年 270卷 308-322页

作者： Sanchez, Eduardo J. Paolini, Christopher P. Castillo, Jose E. San Diego State Univ Computat Sci Res Ctr San Diego CA 92182 USA

We introduce the Mimetic Methods Toolkit (MTK), an object-oriented application programming Interface, implementing Mimetic Finite Differences to assist in the development of scientific applications where the numerical solution of Partial Differential Equations is required. The MTK's design is based on a variant of the Castillo-Grone Method for the construction of discrete differential operators that mimic important properties of their continuous counterparts. The MTK is built as a collection of abstract and concrete classes, thus allowing for an extensible framework, which fosters code reutilization, while intuitively educating the user about the theoretical aspects of Mimetic Finite Differences. We present an overview to Mimetic Finite Differences, and we discuss the computational modeling of the related concepts;in this way, we explain how the MTK implements these methods. In this article, we present examples to illustrate the MTK's usage philosophy and the validity of the implementation of the MTK by comparing our results with previously studied reference solutions. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Object-oriented development Partial differential equations application programming interfaces Mimetic Finite Differences

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A Case for SIP in JavaScript

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2013年第4期51卷 28-33页

作者： Singh, Kundan Krishnaswamy, Venkatesh Avaya Labs

This article presents the challenges and compares the alternatives to interoperate between SIP-based systems and the emerging standards for web real-time communication (WebRTC). We argue for an endpoint- and web-focused architecture, and present both sides of the SIP in JavaScript approach. Until WebRTC has ubiquitous cross-browser availability, we suggest a fall-back strategy for web developer: detect and use HTML5 if available;otherwise, fall back to a browser plugin.

关键词： application programming interfaces Browsers Codecs Interoperability Java Logic gates Media Protocols Telecommunication services Web services Web sites Web-based communications

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Integrating Haptics in Web interfaces State of the Art and Open Issues

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2012年第5期16卷 83-87页

作者： Comai, Sara Mazza, Davide Politecn Milan DEI Milan Italy

Several application fields have adopted haptic technologies to provide tactile and force effects to users. Some efforts have attempted to enhance Web application interfaces with haptics. This article examines the current state of the art in this area, highlighting the technology's benefits and pointing out issues with haptics integration.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Web Services application programming interfaces Web applications Haptic Interaction

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Analytics Goes on Location with New Approaches

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COMPUTER 2013年第4期46卷 14-17页

作者： Garber, Lee IEEE Comp Soc Washington DC 20036 USA

Businesses are increasingly using location analytics-which integrates organizational and geographic data-to help identify trends, develop more accurate predictions, and make better decisions.

关键词： application programming interfaces Internet Software Development Computer interfaces Cloud Computing API Service Providers Software API application programming Interface Web applications Mobile applications Representational State Transfer REST Cloud Computing Analytics Machine To Machine M 2 M O Auth Open ID Connect API Frameworks Back End As A Service Baa S

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A Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning-Based Streaming Spam Tweets Detection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS 2015年第3期2卷 65-76页

作者： Chen, Chao Zhang, Jun Xie, Yi Xiang, Yang Zhou, Wanlei Hassan, Mohammad Mehedi AlElaiwi, Abdulhameed Alrubaian, Majed Deakin Univ Sch Informat Technol Melbourne Vic 3125 Australia Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510000 Guangdong Peoples R China King Saud Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh 12372 Saudi Arabia

The popularity of Twitter attracts more and more spammers. Spammers send unwanted tweets to Twitter users to promote websites or services, which are harmful to normal users. In order to stop spammers, researchers have proposed a number of mechanisms. The focus of recent works is on the application of machine learning techniques into Twitter spam detection. However, tweets are retrieved in a streaming way, and Twitter provides the Streaming API for developers and researchers to access public tweets in real time. There lacks a performance evaluation of existing machine learning-based streaming spam detection methods. In this paper, we bridged the gap by carrying out a performance evaluation, which was from three different aspects of data, feature, and model. A big ground-truth of over 600 million public tweets was created by using a commercial URL-based security tool. For real-time spam detection, we further extracted 12 lightweight features for tweet representation. Spam detection was then transformed to a binary classification problem in the feature space and can be solved by conventional machine learning algorithms. We evaluated the impact of different factors to the spam detection performance, which included spam to nonspam ratio, feature discretization, training data size, data sampling, time-related data, and machine learning algorithms. The results show the streaming spam tweet detection is still a big challenge and a robust detection technique should take into account the three aspects of data, feature, and model.

关键词： Twitter Feature extraction Machine learning algorithms Uniform resource locators Performance evaluation Real-time systems application programming interfaces

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