In a study of a limited epidemic of S. typhimurium infections in humans, the plasmid content (pattern) of bacteria was used as an epidemiologic tool outside the hospital environment. Comparisons were made with lysotyp...
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In a study of a limited epidemic of S. typhimurium infections in humans, the plasmid content (pattern) of bacteria was used as an epidemiologic tool outside the hospital environment. Comparisons were made with lysotyping, resistance pattern determination (14 antibiotics) and biotyping. Plasmid pattern determination was as useful and accurate as lysotyping;resistance pattern determination was of more limited interest. Biotyping was of no use.
The 21st Century Cures Act and the recently published "final rule" define standardized methods for obtaining electronic copies of electronic health record (EHR) data through applicationprogramming interface...
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The 21st Century Cures Act and the recently published "final rule" define standardized methods for obtaining electronic copies of electronic health record (EHR) data through application programming interfaces. The rule is meant to create an ecosystem of reusable, substitutable apps that can be built once but run at any hospital system "without special effort." Yet, despite numerous provisions around information blocking in the final rule, there is concern that the business practices that govern EHR vendors and health care organizations in the United States could still stifle innovation. We describe potential app ecosystems that may form. We caution that misaligned incentives may result in anticompetitive behavior and purposefully limited functionality. Closed proprietary ecosystems may result, limiting the value derived from interoperability. The 21st Century Cures Act and final rule are an exciting step in the direction of improved interoperability. However, realizing the vision of a truly interoperable app ecosystem is not predetermined.
smg p21A and -B are small GTP-binding proteins that share putative effector and consensus C-terminal sequences with ras p21 proteins. In the present report, we showed that human platelet smg p21B became labeled when i...
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smg p21A and -B are small GTP-binding proteins that share putative effector and consensus C-terminal sequences with ras p21 proteins. In the present report, we showed that human platelet smg p21B became labeled when intact platelets were incubated with exogenous [3H]mevalonolactone and when a purified preparation of smg p21B was incubated with bovine brain membranes and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine. In addition, we demonstrated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that treatment of smg p21B with Raney nickel released a geranylgeranyl moiety in a molar ratio of about 1:1. In contrast, treatment of smg p21B with NH2OH or KOH yielded no evidence for the presence of a palmitoyl thioester. Extensive digestion of smg p21B with Achromobacter protease I yielded two C-terminal tripeptides that contained serine and cysteine in a molar ratio of 2:1. Both peptides were modified by a thioether-linked geranylgeranyl group. One of the peptides comigrated with a 3H-labeled proteolytic product of methylated smg p21B on reverse-phase HPLC and this peptide appeared at the same retention time as that of the other peptide after being treated with KOH. Since the cDNA-predicted C-terminal sequence of smg p21B contains a unique Ser-Ser-Cys peptide within its C-terminal domain, -Lys-Lys-Ser-Ser-Cys-Gln-Leu-Leu184, these results indicate that smg p21B is posttranslationally modified by geranylgeranylation of Cys-181 and suggest that further modifications cause proteolytic removal of the three predicted C-terminal amino acids followed by partial methylation of the cysteinyl carboxyl group.
Italian agriculture is highly energy efficient due to low machinery and fuel use. Pesticides will represent 1/3 of the total energy used in crop production by 1988, following a 66% increase in pesticide use over 1978....
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Italian agriculture is highly energy efficient due to low machinery and fuel use. Pesticides will represent 1/3 of the total energy used in crop production by 1988, following a 66% increase in pesticide use over 1978. Many pesticides used in Italy were cancelled or restricted for use in the USA.
We report the isolation of seven homeobox-containing genes from the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Sequence analysis of all homeoboxes and some flanking sequences showed that six of seven genes are more than 90% identical...
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We report the isolation of seven homeobox-containing genes from the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Sequence analysis of all homeoboxes and some flanking sequences showed that six of seven genes are more than 90% identical to their corresponding Drosophila homologues within the homeobox and, with one exception, also in the flanking sequences. The homologues that were identified include three homeotic selector genes [Sex combs reduced (Scr), Antennapedia (Antp), and abdominal-A (abd-A);the two engrailed (en) genes;and the muscle segment homebox (msh)]. Surprisingly, no homologue of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu was found in the honeybee. For the remaining bee gene, a Drosophila homologue is not known. This indicates that, with some exceptions, structurally homologous genes are involved in the control of bee and Drosophila development, although Hymenoptera differ significantly in their embryogenesis from Diptera and have evolved separately for some 250 million years.
One endopeptidase (EP1) and at least three aminopeptidases (AP1, AP2, and AP3) were discovered in the stroma of chloroplasts isolated from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.), and purified over 100-fold. EP1 requires add...
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One endopeptidase (EP1) and at least three aminopeptidases (AP1, AP2, and AP3) were discovered in the stroma of chloroplasts isolated from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.), and purified over 100-fold. EP1 requires added Mg2+ or Ca2+ for activity, may have an additional tightly bound metal atom, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents but not by serine residue-directed inhibitors. It is reversibly inhibited by dithiothreitol. Its specificity is for the bond between two adjacent Ala or Gly residues. Its molecular mass is 93 kilodaltons, estimated on a gel filtration column. Aminopeptidase activities were detected with the aid of different amino acyl-.beta.-naphthylamides as substrates. They were resolved into at least three individual proteins by gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, having apparent molecular masses of 269,000 (AP1), 84,000 (AP2), and 42,000 (AP3) daltons, respectively. Each has a unique specificity for substrates, with AP1 hydrolyzing only the Prolyl-.beta.-naphthylamide. None of the APs require added divalent cations for activity, but the possibility of a tightly bound metal function was suggested in AP2 and AP3 (not AP1) from effects of inhibitors. A probable sulfhydryl residue function was indicated for all three, from inhibition by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and Zn2+. All these peptidases had pH optima at 7.7.
The generic name Ascosphaera is proposed as a substitute for Pericystis of the fungi, the latter name having been applied much earlier to a genus of red algae. Accordingly, new combinations are made for the two known ...
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The generic name Ascosphaera is proposed as a substitute for Pericystis of the fungi, the latter name having been applied much earlier to a genus of red algae. Accordingly, new combinations are made for the two known species Ascosphaera apis.(Pericystis a. Maassen ex Claussen) the cause of "chalk brood" of honey-bees in Europe;and A. alyei (P. a Betts) found on pollen in beehives in Great Britain. The two species are redescribed and two varieties of A. apis are recognized, namely A. apis var. apis and A. apis var. major. the latter having larger spore cysts and spores than the former. The genus is placed in a newly described family Ascophaerac. which in turn is placed in the Plectascales of the Ascomycetes. A. apis (and probably A. alvei) is morphologically heterothallic, the male mycelium producing ascogonia, each with nutriocyte and trichogyne. The trichogyne functions both in plasmogamy and as a female gametangium. An ascogenous hypha develops from the trichogyne into the nutriocyte and proliferates there to form numerous croziers and asci. The asci become clustered into a number of groups which are later recognized as spore balls within the nutriocyte.
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