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HETEROGENEITY AMONG FLORAL VISITORS LEADS TO DISCORDANCE BETWEEN REMOVAL AND DEPOSITION OF POLLEN

ECOLOGY 1991年第4期72卷 1503-1507页

作者： WILSON, P THOMSON, JD Dep. Ecol. and Evol. State Univ. New York Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

A number of recent studies have measured pollen removal as a component of male function; however, high pollen removal need not result in high subsequent deposition of the removed pollen or in high success at siring seeds. Here we provide an example in which pollen-collecting bees remove more pollen but deposit less of it than nectar-collecting bees.

关键词： Pollen Bumblebees Plant ecology Insect pollination Nectar application programming interfaces Ecological genetics Insect ecology Human ecology Plants

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The African Plants Initiative: a big step for continental taxonomy

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TAXON 2004年第4期53卷 1023-1025页

作者： Smith, GF S African Natl Biodivers Inst Res & Sci Serv ZA-0001 Pretoria South Africa Univ Pretoria Dept Bot ZA-0002 Pretoria South Africa

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OPEN SOURCE, 3-D TERRAIN VISUALIZATION ON A MOBILE DEVICE 33

OPEN SOURCE, 3-D TERRAIN VISUALIZATION ON A MOBILE DEVICE

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IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Rios, Joseph Hogan, Patrick Gaskins, Tom Collins, David NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA Tom Gaskins Inc Redmond WA USA Paul Collins Software Mill Creek WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479950027

With the increase in computing power available to mobile devices has come the ability to efficiently display geographic data, which includes 3-dimensional terrain, virtually anywhere. In the work presented here, we provide a high-level overview of software for fetching, viewing, and interacting with geographic data on a mobile device. The software is a re-implementation of NASA's World Wind code targeted for Apple's iOS platform. The resulting code and application programming interface are available in an open source and extensible manner, which allows other developers to build computationally efficient and more custom applications for using 3D geographic data on the iOS platform than with other popular geographic visualization software. To demonstrate the utility of the software, we describe a tool targeted for use in general aviation that is intended to increase situational awareness while en route as well as enabling improved visualization and planning capabilities during pre-flight. To accomplish this, many of the features of the World Wind iOS implementation are exercised.

关键词： Data visualization NASA Servers Shape Software Three-dimensional displays Wind three-dimensional displays computer software Data visualisation Servers Wind National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mobile devices open source computer programs General aviation Visualization application programming interfaces situational awareness terrains

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STUDIES IN THE 'TATTVOPAPLAVASIMHA' .2. THE THEORY OF ERROR + JAYASRI AND NYAYA PHILOSOPHY

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JOURNAL OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY 1984年第2期12卷 105-137页

作者： FRANCO, E

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Automatic Discovery of Function Mappings between Similar Libraries

Automatic Discovery of Function Mappings between Similar Lib...

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20th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering

作者： Teyton, Cedric Falleri, Jean-Remy Blanc, Xavier Univ Bordeaux LaBRI UMR 5800 F-33400 Talence France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479929313

Library migration is the process of replacing a third-party library in favor of a competing one during software maintenance. The process of transforming a software source code to become compliant with a new library is cumbersome and error-prone. Indeed, developers have to understand a new application programming Interface (API) and search for the right replacements for the functions they use from the old library. As the two libraries are independent, the functions may have totally different structures and names, making the search of mappings very difficult. To assist the developers in this difficult task, we introduce an approach that analyzes source code changes from software projects that already underwent a given library migration to extract mappings between functions. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach on several library migrations performed on the Java open source software projects.

关键词： Libraries MAPPING(MATHEMATICAL) Source code Developers Software maintenance application programming interfaces computer software Migrations DEVELOPERS independent function source software

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Searching in Cloud Object Storage by Using a Metadata Model

Searching in Cloud Object Storage by Using a Metadata Model

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9th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids (SKG)

作者： Imran, Muhammad Hlavacs, Helmut Univ Vienna Res Grp Entertainment Comp Waehringer Str 29 A-1090 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930128

In a Cloud environment, an independent service or model referred to as object storage is used for the management of persistent data. This model provides a virtualized pool of storage resources and can be accessed via application programming Interface (API) and/or simply a browser. Object storage is used to store the persistent data from various users through put/get methods and it also store the virtual machine images as objects. Cloud storage services are used by enterprises, home users and researchers to store their files that vary in size and formats. With the huge amount of stored data which is mostly unstructured, comes the related issue of finding the exact data relevant to the requirements of a user. In current offerings such as Amazon, Eucalyptus and Google, the contents or objects are defined by a key-value pair. These objects can be listed based on the key, but searching and finding contents with any other parameters (metadata) such as type, size, owner, time stamps etc., is not supported. In this paper we propose a metadata model that address the issue of collecting, adding, and storing metadata associated with objects in Eucalyptus Cloud. Furthermore, the stored metadata is utilized to provide the feature of fast, effective and efficient searching of contents in a Cloud.

关键词： Metadata CLOUDS Clouds Consumers Searches application programming interfaces shopping mall

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A Comprehensive Mobile application Development and Testing Lifecycle

A Comprehensive Mobile Application Development and Testing L...

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IT Professional Conference (IT Pro)

作者： Vithani, Tejas Kumar, Anand BITS Pilani Dubai Campus Pilani U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781479988587

Software Development Lifecycle is crucial in Desktop or web application development. Mobile applications are being developed for deployment in smart phones. Looking at the rising need of mobile applications and the associated development complexity, it is imperative to have a dedicated framework lifecycle for mobile application -Mobile application Development Lifecycle (MADLC). The proposed lifecycle includes the following phases: Identification, Design, Development, Prototyping, Testing, Deployment and Maintenance. This lifecycle has been used for over a year in developing Android mobile applications. This lifecycle addresses some of the distinguishing characteristics of mobile applications like life span, complex functionalities, fewer physical interfaces, more number of screens for interaction, battery and memory usage, cross platform development and maintenance. The preliminary indicators are that this will benefit the mobile developers to follow the development process within MADLC to build robust and optimal control applications. In this research, Mobile application Development Lifecycle (MADLC) has been proposed to bring out a formalized lifecycle procedure, which will aid the mobile application developers in developing high-end apps. This lifecycle includes the following phases: Identification, Design, Development, Prototyping, Testing, Deployment and Maintenance. Lifecycle phases in MADLC have been discussed which consists of different tasks and activities that takes place during the process. Following MADLC in a mobile application developed provides a preliminary indicator that this will not only help the developers in planning their tasks well ahead, but also, the project manager will be able to plan its Project Life Cycle activities in a very efficient manner delivering the mobile business solutions on time. This lifecycle also addresses some of the distinguishing characteristics of mobile applications like life span, complex functionalities, fewer physi

关键词： Androids application programming interfaces Mobile communication Portable computers Software Spirals Testing Androids Androids application programming interfaces hand-held equipment Spiral mobile communication computer software Life cycle

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Demonstrating Improved application Performance Using Dynamic Monitoring and Task Mapping 16

Demonstrating Improved Application Performance Using Dynamic...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)

作者： Brandt, J. Devine, K. Gentile, A. Pedretti, K. Sandia Natl Labs POB 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479955480

This work demonstrates the integration of monitoring, analysis, and feedback to perform application-to-resource mapping that adapts to both static architecture features and dynamic resource state. In particular, we present a framework for mapping MPI tasks to compute resources based on run-time analysis of system-wide network data, architecture-specific routing algorithms, and application communication patterns. We address several challenges. Within each node, we collect local utilization data. We consolidate that information to form a global view of system performance, accounting for system-wide factors including competing applications. We provide an interface for applications to query the global information. Then we exploit the system information to change the mapping of tasks to nodes so that system bottlenecks are avoided. We demonstrate the benefit of this monitoring and feedback by remapping MPI tasks based on route-length, bandwidth, and credit-stalls metrics for a parallel sparse matrix-vector multiplication kernel. In the best case, remapping based on dynamic network information in a congested environment recovered 48.9% of the time lost to congestion, reducing matrix-vector multiplication time by 7.8%. Our experiments focus on the Cray XE/XK platform, but the integration concepts are generally applicable to any platform for which applicable metrics and route knowledge can be obtained.

关键词： application program interfaces matrix algebra message passing parallel processing task analysis vectors Cray XE/XK platform MPI tasks application communication patterns application performance application-to-resource mapping architecture-specific routing algorithms credit-stalls metrics dynamic monitoring feedback parallel sparse matrix-vector multiplication kernel run-time analysis system-wide network data task mapping Bandwidth Dynamic scheduling Heuristic algorithms Measurement Monitoring Routing Xenon dynamic monitoring application programming interfaces message passing task analysis dynamic scheduling Feedback Heuristic algorithms matrix algebra PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Xenon Bandwidth Network routing MAPPING(MATHEMATICAL) Computer based information systems

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Recovering Traceability Links between an API and Its Learning Resources

Recovering Traceability Links between an API and Its Learnin...

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34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Dagenais, Barthelemy Robillard, Martin P. McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310673

Large frameworks and libraries require extensive developer learning resources, such as documentation and mailing lists, to be useful. Maintaining these learning resources is challenging partly because they are not explicitly linked to the frameworks' API, and changes in the API are not reflected in the learning resources. Automatically recovering traceability links between an API and learning resources is notoriously difficult due to the inherent ambiguity of unstructured natural language. Code elements mentioned in documents are rarely fully qualified, so readers need to understand the context in which a code element is mentioned. We propose a technique that identifies code-like terms in documents and links these terms to specific code elements in an API, such as methods. In an evaluation study with four open source systems, we found that our technique had an average recall and precision of 96%.

关键词： application programming interfaces Evaluation Studies traceability RECOVERING

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Novice-Friendly Multi-Armed Robotics programming 2

Novice-Friendly Multi-Armed Robotics Programming

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2nd IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)

作者： Ritschel, Nico Holmes, Reid Garcia, Ronald Shepherd, David C. Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC Canada ABB Corp Res Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728122496

Collaborative robots are being applied in a growing number of usage scenarios, but their adoption is slowed down by the high complexity of robot programming. As previous prototype studies have shown, block-based programming environments can enable novice or end users to program industrial single-armed robots. Some existing block-based tools support parallel programming and therefore show potential to be used for multi-armed robot programming as well. We analyze their designs and argue how improved abstractions and visualizations could make multi-armed parallelism accessible to novice users. Based on this analysis, we then extract a list of features that a block-based environment designed for multi-armed robot programming should provide. Finally, we present our design vision for a novel programming environment for two-armed robots, show how it provides these features and discuss how it can enable both novices and experienced intermediate users to perform parallelized programming tasks.

关键词： application programming interfaces programming environments Robot programming Parallel programming

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