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International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Gias Uddin Barthélémy Dagenais Martin P. Robillard School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal QUE Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310673

Software reuse through application programming interfaces (APIs) is an integral part of software development. The functionality offered by an API is not always accessed uniformly throughout the lifetime of a client program. We propose Temporal API Usage Pattern Mining to detect API usage patterns in terms of their time of introduction into client programs. We detect concepts as distinct groups of API functionality from the change history of a client program. We locate those concepts in the client change history and detect temporal usage patterns, where a pattern contains a set of concepts that were added into the client program in a specific temporal order. We investigated the properties of temporal API usage patterns through a multiple-case study of three APIs and their use in up to 19 client software projects. Our technique was able to detect a number of valuable patterns in two out of three of the APIs investigated. Further investigation showed some patterns to be relatively consistent between clients, produced by multiple developers, and not trivially derivable from program structure or API documentation.

关键词： History Data mining Joining processes Principal component analysis Availability application programming interfaces Documentation

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Prediction of Sulfur Content, API Gravity, and Viscosity Using a Continuous Mixture Kinetic Model for Maya Crude Oil Hydrocracking in a Slurry-Phase Reactor

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ENERGY & FUELS 2011年第8期25卷 3605-3614页

作者： Martinez-Grimaldo, Hector J. Chavarria-Hernandez, Juan C. Ramirez, Jorge Cuevas, Rogelio Ortiz-Morenot, Hugo Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Unidad Invest Catilisis UNICAT Fac Quim Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan Unidad Energia Renovable Merida 97200 Yucatan Mexico

A continuous mixture kinetic model was applied to describe the hydrocracking reactions of Maya crude oil in a slurry-phase reactor. Besides the prediction of simulated distillation curves, complementary models were developed to predict American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity, viscosity, and total sulfur content as the reaction proceeds. Experiments were carried out in a batch-type reactor under 800 psig of hydrogen and 400 degrees C at several reaction times. Powder ammonium heptamolybdate (1000 ppm Mo) was added and activated in situ. Vacuum residue (VR) conversion reached 88 and 96% after 7.5 and 24 h of reaction, respectively. The formation of liquid products (bp < 538 degrees C) was maximum and fairly constant (65-66 wt %) for VR conversions from 37 to 88%. Feed and liquid reaction products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Total sulfur, viscosity, and API gravity were also measured. The mathematical model accurately describes TGA distillation curves for VR conversions up to 88%, and the developed models for the calculation of sulfur content, viscosity, and API gravity predict with good accuracy the values of these properties.

关键词： reaction products Variable reluctance American Petroleum Institute Viscosity API MODEL CALCULATION Gravity hydrogenolytic cleavage kinetic model Sulfur content application programming interfaces API GRAVITY Reaction Time AXIAL POWER INDICATOR batch-type

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A field study of API learning obstacles

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2011年第6期16卷 703-732页

作者： Robillard, Martin P. DeLine, Robert McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ H3A 2A7 Canada Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

Large APIs can be hard to learn, and this can lead to decreased programmer productivity. But what makes APIs hard to learn? We conducted a mixed approach, multi-phased study of the obstacles faced by Microsoft developers learning a wide variety of new APIs. The study involved a combination of surveys and in-person interviews, and collected the opinions and experiences of over 440 professional developers. We found that some of the most severe obstacles faced by developers learning new APIs pertained to the documentation and other learning resources. We report on the obstacles developers face when learning new APIs, with a special focus on obstacles related to API documentation. Our qualitative analysis elicited five important factors to consider when designing API documentation: documentation of intent;code examples;matching APIs with scenarios;penetrability of the API;and format and presentation. We analyzed how these factors can be interpreted to prioritize API documentation development efforts.

关键词： application programming interfaces Software libraries programming Documentation

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VISUALIZING CONCURRENCY FAULTS IN ARINC-653 REAL-TIME applicationS

VISUALIZING CONCURRENCY FAULTS IN ARINC-653 REAL-TIME APPLIC...

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IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference

作者： Guy Martin Tchamgoue Lin Gan Ok-Kyoon Ha Sang-Woo Yang Yong-Kee Jun Dept. of Informatics Gyeongsang National University Korea Aerospace Industries Ltd.

ISBN: (纸本)9781467316996

The ARINC-653 standard architecture for flight software specifies an application executive (APEX) which provides an application programming interface and defines a hierarchical framework which provides health management for error detection and recovery. In every partition of the architecture, however, processes may have to deal with asynchronous real-time signals from peripheral devices or may communicate with other processes through blackboards or buffers. This configuration may lead programs into concurrency faults such as unintended race conditions which are common and difficult to be removed by testing. Unfortunately, existing tools for reporting concurrency faults in applications that use concurrent signal handlers can neither represent the complex interactions between an ARINC-653 application and its error handlers nor provide effective means for understanding the dynamic behavior of concurrent signal handlers involved into data races. Thus, this paper presents an intuitive tool that visualizes the partial ordering of runtime events to detect concurrency faults in an ARINC-653 application that uses concurrent signal handlers. It uses vertically parallel arrows with different colors to capture the logical concurrency between the application, its error handlers and concurrent signal handlers, and materializes synchronization operations with differently colored horizontal arrows. Our visualization tool allows at a glance, to visually detect data races and provides a great understanding of the program internal for an easy debugging process.

关键词： faults Flight Software hazards and race conditions application programming interfaces Concurrency Error detection and recovery Partial ordering Computer equipment signals health care management

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Climbing Out of the Box and Into the Cloud: Building Web-Scale for Libraries

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JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION 2011年第1期51卷 3-17页

作者： Jordan, Jay Online Comp Lib Ctr OCLC Dublin OH USA

Libraries have made significant investments in computer resources and infrastructure. They now incur the costs of supporting an array of systems across workflows for print, licensed, and digital materials. Similarly, libraries have fragmented presences on the Web, where they must compete with search engines and other information resources in meeting the information needs of people. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) is building its next generation of services in the computing cloud, where applications and data are stored on the Internet rather than on a local computer, and libraries can use an application without having to worry about the supporting technology. Web-scale services will provide libraries with powerful new applications and services when and where needed.

关键词： application programming interfaces budgets cloud computing ILS functionality network effects search engines system design Web-scale WorldCat

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Thermodynamic Calculations and Kinetic Simulations of Some Advanced Materials

Thermodynamic Calculations and Kinetic Simulations of Some A...

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7th International Forum on Advanced Material Science and Technology

作者： Shi, Pingfang Engstrom, Anders Sundman, Bo Agren, John Thermocalc Software AB SE-11419 Stockholm Sweden MSE Royal Inst Tech Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783037850497

The Thermo-Calc and DICTRA software/database/programming-interface packages, through many successful applications in the fields of Computational Thermodynamics and Kinetics, have tremendously contributed to quantitative conceptual design and processing of various advanced materials. Materials scientists and engineers can efficiently apply such unique and comprehensive tools in calculating material properties, predicting material structures and simulating material processes, which are of wide-ranging industrial and academic importance.

关键词： Thermo-Calc DICTRA TC-PRISMA computational thermodynamics and kinetics phase equilibria phase diagrams phase transformations diffusion databases application programming interfaces

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Mercenaries in Libya: Ramifications of the Treatment of 'Armed Mercenary Personnel' under the Arms Embargo for Private Military Company Contractors

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JOURNAL OF CONFLICT & SECURITY LAW 2011年第2期16卷 293-319页

作者： Liu, Hin-Yan Kings Coll London Sch Law London England

The inclusion of 'armed mercenary personnel' within the terms of the arms embargo imposed upon Libya in SC Resolution 1970, and further elaborated in SC Resolution 1973, although largely unnoticed, holds three significant implications. First, there is the apparent reduction of mercenary personnel from the category of combatancy to that of a method or means of warfare. This may have the subtle effect of reducing or eliminating the human dimension in any such persons. Secondly, there is an implicit departure from the notoriously restrictive definition of 'mercenary' under international law. While this may have the welcomed effect of reinvigorating the stigmatising appellation and renew its potential utility such an inference may not only be subject to a semantic explanation but further obfuscate what objectionable characteristics are being targeted. Thirdly, the explicit use of the broader term 'armed mercenary personnel' is likely to include a significant category of contractors working for Private Military Companies (PMCs). The effect of this is not only to deny armed PMC contractors access to Libyan territory, but crucially illuminates their close proximity to the stigmatised individual mercenary, as defined under international law;the result will be to elucidate the contrived and artificial nature of the legal distinction between the traditional mercenary and the armed PMC contractor. This proximity questions the appropriateness of recent British suggestions of employing PMCs to aid Libyan rebels and may act as a yardstick by which to gauge contemporary regulation frameworks.

关键词： Mercenaries Arms embargo Private military industry Armed conflict Military personnel Treaties Popular uprisings International cooperation application programming interfaces

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Software fault isolation with API integrity and multi-principal modules 11

Software fault isolation with API integrity and multi-princi...

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23rd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP 2011)

作者： Mao, Yandong Chen, Haogang Zhou, Dong Wang, Xi Zeldovich, Nickolai Kaashoek, M. Frans MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309776

The security of many applications relies on the kernel being secure, but history suggests that kernel vulnerabilities are routinely discovered and exploited. In particular, exploitable vulnerabilities in kernel modules are common. This paper proposes LXFI, a system which isolates kernel modules from the core kernel so that vulnerabilities in kernel modules cannot lead to a privilege escalation attack. To safely give kernel modules access to complex kernel APIs, LXFI introduces the notion of API integrity, which captures the set of contracts assumed by an interface. To partition the privileges within a shared module, LXFI introduces module principals. Programmers specify principals and API integrity rules through capabilities and annotations. Using a compiler plugin, LXFI instruments the generated code to grant, check, and transfer capabilities between modules, according to the programmer's annotations. An evaluation with Linux shows that the annotations required on kernel functions to support a new module are moderate, and that LXFI is able to prevent three known privilege-escalation vulnerabilities. Stress tests of a network driver module also show that isolating this module using LXFI does not hurt TCP throughput but reduces UDP throughput by 35%, and increases CPU utilization by 2.2-3.7x

关键词： security core module ANNOTATIONS Computer personnel Seeds Security principal API application programming interfaces AXIAL POWER INDICATOR American Petroleum Institute Kernel software failure Linux school administrator

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Image Filter Design and Implementation Based on API

Image Filter Design and Implementation Based on API

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International Conference on Intelligence Science and Information Engineering (ISIE)

作者： Yurong Guan Fen Zhou Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Huanggang Normal University Hubei China

In this paper, Visual Basic development platform to implement the general professional image software can only be used to complete the image filter processing, the main application the power of Windows API functions, on the one hand improve the ability of VB's advanced application programming, the other hand, image processing also a new understanding of the field. In fact, the Visual Basic program development environment through the use of API Viewer is simple and convenient way to call the API function, not only provides a completely different programming approach in the Windows environment, but also the user into the core of operating system for advanced programming a way, it shows the VB language specific features and attributes of other programming language can not be completed. The design is based on API functions Get Pixel and Set Pixel features and functions, first introduced the general principles of VB interface design, and the image filter interface design in detail of the VB form, then combined Get Pixel and Set Pixel API functions are introduced in detail statement and call the method, then introduces the VB method in the basic color settings, and preparation of the corresponding event procedure code to implement a variety of monochrome images and mixed color filter processing, the system user-friendly, readable, concise efficient, the last run result is correct, to achieve design goals, VB platform allows users to experience the powerful function of Windows API programming skills and capability.

关键词： Image color analysis Visual BASIC Color programming profession User interfaces application programming interfaces

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A Context-Source Abstraction Layer for Context-aware Middleware

A Context-Source Abstraction Layer for Context-aware Middlew...

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International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG)

作者： Weijie Chu Weiping Li Tong Mo Zhonghai Wu School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China

Context-aware applications demand for a distributed middleware that can collect, aggregate and deliver contextual data for applications. This paper presents one of the main components, Context-Sources Abstraction (CSA), in a middleware for building context-aware applications. The CSA component includes a set of query interfaces and an event notification mechanism to applications. In this way, the access to the hardware are encapsulated by the middleware and virtualized to the end-point applications. The architecture of the CSA and the common functions of CSA are discussed.

关键词： Middleware Context Protocols application programming interfaces Data models Engines Context-aware services

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