In 2023, the Ascon cipher suite was selected as the winner of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardization process for lightweight cryptography, and has emerged as the leading candidate fo...
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In 2023, the Ascon cipher suite was selected as the winner of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardization process for lightweight cryptography, and has emerged as the leading candidate for cryptographic algorithms in resource-constrained environments. This cipher suite provides authenticated encryption with associated data and hash functionality. NIST's Ascon proposal consists of two symmetric ciphers, Ascon-128 and Ascon-128a, a hash function, Ascon-HASH, an extendible output function, Ascon-XOF, and a new cipher variant, Ascon-80pq, with increased resistance to quantum attacks. This study presents an overview of the mathematical background, security principles and key properties of the Ascon cipher suite. In addition, a comprehensive performance evaluation of Ascon on various arduino platforms, such as arduino DUE, arduino Mega2560, arduino Nano Every and arduino Nano ESP32, is performed. A detailed comparative analysis of these implementations is also provided.
Diabetes in older adults can lead to complications such as peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, and foot ulcers. Accessing treatments can be challenging due to limited resources. Implementing low-cost preventive the...
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Diabetes in older adults can lead to complications such as peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, and foot ulcers. Accessing treatments can be challenging due to limited resources. Implementing low-cost preventive therapies like Buerger's exercises is essential. However, these exercises must be standardized. The purpose was to develop an arduino-based electronic system as a gerontechnological tool for homologating Buergers exercises and facilitating their execution by older adults with diabetes mellitus. The Intervention Theory by Sidani guided the development of this study. A feasibility and pilot study with one group, pretest/posttest design, was conducted in twenty older adults with HbA1c <= 8% and their caregivers in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, from November 2020 to June 2021. Feasibility was measured with an acceptability and satisfaction instrument;the ankle-arm index was measured with 8 Hertz Doppler and neuropathy symptoms with a modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score. The mean age was 67.50 +/- 5.61 years old in older adults and 48.32 +/- 16.26 in caregivers. The digital instructor was accepted by 73.3% (11 older adults) without any issues;47.4% (9 older adults) and 26.3% (6 caregivers) expressed high levels of satisfaction. Participants noted significant benefits such as improved peripheral circulation, reduced pain, numbness, and tingling. These promising results underscore the potential of the electronic system to make a noticeable improvement in the lives of older adults with diabetes mellitus and their caregivers. The device was meticulously designed to be user-friendly and accessible, making it ideal gerontechnological tool to manage health at home.
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) needs efficient and cost-effective charging solutions. This study presents a smart on-board charging system using low-cost materials while ensuring safe and optimized...
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The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) needs efficient and cost-effective charging solutions. This study presents a smart on-board charging system using low-cost materials while ensuring safe and optimized battery management. The proposed system is controlled by an arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller, integrating Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) for precise voltage regulation and real-time monitoring of charging parameters, including voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC). The charging process is structured into three states (connection, standby, and charging) and follows a multi-stage strategy to prevent overcharging and prolong battery lifespan. A relay system and safety mechanisms detect disconnections and voltage mismatches, automatically halting charging when unsafe conditions arise. Experimental validation with a 12 V lead-acid battery verifies that the system follows standard charging profiles, ensuring optimal energy management and charging efficiency. The proposed charger demonstrates significant cost savings (similar to 94.82 (sic)) compared to commercial alternatives (1200 (sic)-2000 (sic)), making it a viable low-power solution for EV charging research and a valuable learning tool in academic environments. Future improvements include a printed circuit board (PCB) redesign to enhance system reliability and expand compatibility with higher voltage batteries. This work proves that affordable smart charging solutions can be effectively implemented using embedded control and modulation techniques.
In recent years, coding has become a useful component of education at all levels, leading to the emergence of various programmable devices and platforms, such as arduino. These tools offer students opportunities to en...
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In recent years, coding has become a useful component of education at all levels, leading to the emergence of various programmable devices and platforms, such as arduino. These tools offer students opportunities to enhance their coding skills through hands-on experiences or graphical simulations. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive instrument for evaluating code skills via such technologies. To address this gap, this study introduces the "Assessing arduino Basics in Coding" (AABC) tool. This tool was validated and refined with 151 university students, who completed three experimental exercises followed by coding-related questions. Students were divided into two groups. The first group implemented the experiments with physical-tangible boards, while the second used graphical interfaces in a virtual environment. The analysis of questionnaire scores underwent four steps. Initially, Item Response Theory was employed to discard questions resulting in unscaled scores. Subsequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three factors corresponding to the three exercises. Additionally, Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the questionnaire's structure, indicating high reliability (chi(2)[74] = 74.5, p = 0.463, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.00612, SRMR = 0.0625). Lastly, measurement invariance testing demonstrated that AABC is unaffected by the user interface, suggesting its usability for evaluating arduino coding skills regardless of the interface used. Overall, the AABC tool provides a reliable method for evaluating coding skills in basic arduino circuits, contributing to advancements in coding education.
Efficient software project management relies on sizing and measurement, facilitating control and performance comparison across different projects. COSMIC ISO 19761, presents a method to quantifying software functional...
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Nowadays, the educational process is enriched with technological tools such as arduino and Micro:bit. These tools offer both tangible and graphical interaction, however, widespread adoption by educators faces limitati...
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used tool in the field of clinical and cognitive neuroscience. To exploit its excellent temporal properties, TMS usually relies on triggerbox devices, which temporiz...
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used tool in the field of clinical and cognitive neuroscience. To exploit its excellent temporal properties, TMS usually relies on triggerbox devices, which temporize the delivery of magnetic pulses according to the paradigm requirements. However, a main limitation of most of the widely used triggerbox devices is that they rely solely on the experimental computer processor, which might add temporal uncertainty in delivering the TMS pulse when the computer's resources are drained by other experimental devices or by task execution itself, especially during repetitive TMS or dual-coil protocols. We aimed at developing a low-cost and easily reproducible triggerbox device which could overcome these limitations by relying on an external processor to handle the timing precision. We used an arduino Uno R4 Minima to build Silicon Spike, a low-cost ($60) triggerbox device. We tested the device's precision in delivering the TMS pulses under different working load conditions, and the impact over time. All of the tests were ecological, delivering real TMS pulses during dual-coil, repetitive, and patterned TMS protocols. We obtained extremely high precision (< 0.022 ms) in all of the tests. This means that, for smaller or longer latencies, the error remains negligible for TMS studies. Thus, the Silicon Spike device demonstrated microsecond precision in handling the TMS pulse delivery, establishing itself as a simple and yet precise device. We freely provide the source code and the hardware schematics, allowing anyone to reproduce our work.
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