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Low-Cost Automated PV Panel Dust Cleaning System for Rural Communities

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2022年第8期13卷 173-199页

作者： Derek Ajesam Asoh Noel Nkwa Awangum Laboratoire de Génie Electrique Mécatronique et Traitement du Signal ENSPY University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering NAHPI University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) panels degrades PV panels’ performance;leading to decreased power output and consequently high cost per generated kilowatt. Research addressing the severity of dust accumulation on PV panels has been ongoing since the 1940s, but proposed solutions have tended to increase the cost of PV systems either from oversizing or from cleaning the system. The objective of this work, therefore, is to design and implement a low-cost affordable automated PV panel dust cleaning system for use in rural communities of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA);where financial resources are limited and significantly strained in meeting livelihood activities. Complete design and implementation details of a prototype system are provided for easy replication and capitalization on PV systems for sustainable energy needs. The system detects dust based on the innovative use of light-dependent resistors. Testing and observation of the system in operational mode reveal satisfactory performance;measured parameters quantify a power output increase of 33.76% as a result of cleaning dust off the PV panel used in the study.

关键词： PV Panel Automated Dust Cleaning arduino microcontroller Light Dependent Resistor Dust Percentage Threshold Low-Income Rural Communities Sub-Sahara Africa

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A portable and low-cost solution for real-time manipulation of the vestibular sense

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JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS 2022年第0期382卷 000-000页

作者： Chen, Anthony Kuo, Calvin Blouin, Jean-Sebastien Univ British Columbia Sch Kinesiol Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Biomed Engn Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Djavad Mowafaghian Ctr Brain Hlth Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Inst Comp Informat & Cognit Syst Vancouver BC Canada 210 6081 Univ Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada

Background: The vestibular system encodes head motion in space which is naturally accompanied by other sensory cues. Electrical stimuli, applied across the mastoid processes, selectively activate primary vestibular afferents which has spurred clinical and biomedical applications of electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS). When properly matched to head motion, EVS may also manipulate the closed-loop relationship between actions and vestibular feedback to reveal the mechanisms of sensorimotor recalibration and learning. New method: We designed a portable, low-cost real-time EVS system using an arduino microcontroller programmed through Simulink that provides electrical currents based on head angular motion. We used well-characterized vestibular afferent physiological responses to head angular velocity and electrical current to compute head-motion equivalent of real-time modulatory EVS currents. We also examined if our system induced recalibration of the vestibular system during human balance control. Results: Our system operated at 199.997 Hz ( +/- 0.005 Hz) and delivered head-motion-equivalent electrical currents with similar to 10 ms delay. The output driving the current stimulator matched the implemented linear model for physiological vestibular afferent dynamics with minimal background noise (<0.2% of +/- 10 V range). Participants recalibrated to the modulated closed-loop vestibular feedback using visual cues during standing balance, replicating earlier findings. Comparison with existing methods: EVS is typically used to impose external perturbations that are independent of one's own movement. We provided a solution using open-source hardware to implement a real-time, physiology based, and task-relevant vestibular modulations using EVS. Conclusions: Our portable, low-cost vestibular modulation system will make physiological closed-loop vestibular manipulations more accessible thus encouraging novel investigations and biomedical applications of EVS.

关键词： Electrical vestibular stimulation Sensory recalibration Closed-loop sensory modulation arduino microcontroller Simulink Motor control

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Open-source Internet of Things remote aquatic environmental sensing

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HARDWAREX 2022年 12卷 e00336页

作者： Trevathan, Jarrod Schmidtke, Simon Griffith Univ Inst Integrated & Intelligent Syst Brisbane Qld Australia Substation33 Logan Qld Australia

This paper details the physical and hardware design of a flexible open-source IoT (Internet of Things) platform for environmental sensing. The application is a remote water quality monitoring buoy that can be deployed in calm, shallow near-shore aquatic environments with fresh or brackish water. The system's development has been informed by experience through conducting multiple actual water quality studies over a prolonged period. The sys-tem runs an arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller using off-the-shelf Adafruit lux and tem-perature sensors. A light attenuation turbidity sensor is adapted and integrated into the design. A TinySine 3G GSM module transmits data to a server that is displayed via a ThingsBoard IoT dashboard. The system is stable over time, provides reliable remote sensor readings, has low energy consumption, and is powered by renewable energy (up-cycled batteries). The hardware aspires to be general-purpose so that future environmental mon-itoring applications can repurpose the electronics by adding new compatible sensors and modifying the physical design to match the requirements. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Remote environmental monitoring arduino microcontroller 3D printing Lux Temperature Turbidity Environmental data Internet of Things Wireless sensor network Cost of hardware $155 (USD) Csensors I(2)Csensors

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Design and Implementation of an Automatic Over/Undervoltage Protection System for Single-Phase Low Voltage Power Lines

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第8期10卷 12-25页

作者： Derek Ajesam Asoh Lizette Nange Chia Laboratoire de Génie Electrique Mécatronique et Traitement du Signal ENSPY University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering NAHPI University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Research Unit Condensed Matter Electronics and Signal Processing Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Today, many industrial and domestic electronic appliances and equipment (devices) are exposed to power disturbances such as voltage variations of the AC mains supply which often lead to damage of the electronic devices. As these devices are quite sensitive to power disturbances, there is a need for a tripping system that can help avoid any damage to devices in use. The objective of this work is to build a system that monitors line voltage and protects appliances from unacceptable voltage variations. The system consists of a tripping mechanism that monitors the input voltage and trips according to the limits provided. An arduino Uno microcontroller is used to determine the voltage level through a voltage divider circuit. The system’s novelty and innovation lie in its flexibility. It offers the user the ability to define different overvoltage and undervoltage threshold values depending on the specific appliances used in the household. In operation, the system displays the voltage state (overvoltage, normal voltage, overvoltage) and alerts the user by sending an SMS via a GSM modem. The system is valuable for industrial and domestic applications, especially in developing economies such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa, where overvoltage and undervoltage are acute problems.

关键词： Overvoltage Undervoltage Simulation arduino microcontroller Tripping Mechanism Sub-Saharan Africa

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Project-Based Learning Technology: An Example in Programming microcontrollers

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING 2020年第11期15卷 218-227页

作者： Nurbekova, Zhanat Tolganbaiuly, Talant Nurbekov, Bahyt Sagimbayeva, Ainur Kazhiakparova, Zhadira LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Inst Digitalizat Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Dept Informat & Informat Secur Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Fac Mech & Math Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan Abay Kazakh Natl Pedag Univ Dept Informat & Informatizat Educ Inst Math Phys & Informat Alma Ata 050000 Kazakhstan West Kazakhstan Innovat Technol Univ Dept Nat Sci Disciplines Uralsk 090000 Kazakhstan

This article presents the technology of the organization of project-based learning in programming microcontrollers based on the faculty of information technology L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Based on the analysis of scientific, methodological and normative articles, a structural model of the organization of the project-based learning in programming microcontrollers was developed. The processes of project development life cycle and the role of each member of the project team were described by stage. In the process of developing the project, students faced various challenges and found ways to solve them. As a result of the project-based seminars, the participants learnt to apply theoretical knowledge to solve real world problems in practice and received an unforgettable experience working in team.

关键词： Project-based learning arduino microcontroller projects programming microcontrollers

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3D printed silicone platforms with laser-scattering protein detection under flow analysis conditions as a development of Silicone Optical Technology (SOT)

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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020年 157卷 104936-104936页

作者： Strzelak, Kamil Malasuk, Chacriya Oki, Yuji Morita, Kinichi Ishimatsu, Ryoichi Univ Warsaw Fac Chem Pasteura 1 PL-02093 Warsaw Poland Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn Dept Elect Nishi Ku 744 Motooka Fukuoka 8190395 Japan USHIO INC New Business Dev Off Chiyoda Ku 6-1 Ohtemachi 2 Chome Tokyo 1008150 Japan Kyushu Univ Dept Appl Chem Nishi Ku 744 Motooka Fukuoka 8190395 Japan

In this work, the 3D printed silicone microfluidic systems with simultaneous laser-scattering detection for turbidimetric and nephelometric measurements are presented. As a model reaction, the Exton method for total protein determination has been chosen as the well-known analytical protocol. Presented research is a development of recently presented idea of Silicone Optical Technology (SOT). It can be considered as the next step for all-in-one 3D printed analytical system concept, which means that microfluidic platform as well as detection system parts can be constructed during one-step manufacturing process. During the investigations, three microfluidic platforms with different flow-mixing patterns were designed and optimized for flow rate and sample injection volume. The most promising system with so-called 3D mixing (mixing channel along three axes) was characterized by analytical parameters sufficient for total protein analysis: limit of detection of 3 mg/L, linearity in the range of 16 - 400 mg/L and 50 mu L sample consumption. The analytical usefulness of developed microfluidic platform was proved by analysis of urine samples. Furthermore, the design and setting up of double detection system based on arduino microcontroller have been discussed.

关键词： 3D printing Laser-scattering Exton method Flow analysis arduino microcontroller

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Design and Implementation of a Pressure Monitoring System Based on IoT for Water Supply Networks

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SENSORS 2020年第15期20卷 4247.-4247页

作者： Perez-Padillo, Jose Morillo, Jorge Garcia Ramirez-Faz, Jose Roldan, Manuel Torres Montesinos, Pilar Univ Cordoba Dept Agron Campus RabanalesEd Da Vinci Cordoba 14071 Spain Univ Cordoba Dept Elect Engn Campus RabanalesEd Da Vinci Cordoba 14071 Spain Univ Cordoba Dept Appl Phys Campus Rabanales Cordoba 14071 Spain

Increasing the efficiency of water supply networks is essential in arid and semi-arid regions to ensure the supply of drinking water to the inhabitants. The cost of renovating these systems is high. However, customized management models can facilitate the maintenance and rehabilitation of hydraulic infrastructures by optimizing the use of resources. The implementation of current Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems allows decisions to be based on objective data. In water supply systems, IoT helps to monitor the key elements to improve system efficiency. To implement IoT in a water distribution system requires sensors that are suitable for measuring the main hydraulic variables, a communication system that is adaptable to the water service companies and a friendly system for data analysis and visualization. A smart pressure monitoring and alert system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software. An arduino family microcontroller transfers pressure gauge signals using Sigfox communication, a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The IoT ThingSpeak platform is used for data analysis and visualization. Additionally, the system can send alarms via SMS/email in real time using the If This, Then That (IFTTT) web service when anomalous pressure data are detected. The pressure monitoring system was successfully implemented in a real water distribution network in Spain. It was able to detect both breakdowns and leaks in real time.

关键词： digitalization information and communication technologies (ICT) low power wide area network (LPWAN) arduino microcontroller ThingSpeak web service

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Enhance Students' Motivation to Learn Programming through Projects

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING 2020年第21期15卷 133-144页

作者： Nurbekova, Zhanat Tolganbaiuly, Talant Tazabekova, Parassat Abildinova, Gulmira Nurbekov, Bahyt LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Inst Digitalizat Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Dept Informat & Informat Secur Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Dept Comp Sci Informat Technol Fac Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan LN Gumilyov Eurasian Natl Univ Fac Mech & Math Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan

This article presents the results of a pedagogical experiment when teaching microcontroller programming. The pedagogical experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Information Technology of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University in the form of project-based seminars on the arduino platform (2017-2020). The experiment was attended by 88 first-year IT students. Our goal in this study is to verify the proposed hypothesis on the use of the project-based learning method in teaching microcontroller programming. In the process of conducting a pedagogical experiment, we divided our students into 2 groups: control and experimental. The training of both groups was carried out according to one curriculum, but using different methods. In the control group, traditional teaching methods and learning tools were used, and in the experimental group, we used the technology of project-based learning. As assessment criteria, we took the test tasks "pre-test" and "post-test" that we developed and conducted a survey for the control and experimental groups. We used statistical methods to confirm or refute the proposed hypothesis of our research, that is, at the end of the pedagogical experiment to get an informed decision about the difference and coincidence of the obtained data.

关键词： Project-based learning arduino microcontroller projects programming microcontrollers

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A method of landfill leachate management using internet of things for sustainable smart city development

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021年 66卷 102521-102521页

作者： Gopikumar, S. Raja, S. Robinson, Y. Harold Shanmuganathan, Vimal Chang, Hangbae Rho, Seungmin SCAD Coll Engn & Technol Dept Civil Engn Cheranmahadevi India AMRITA Coll Engn & Technol Dept Math Nagercoil India Vellore Inst Technol Sch Informat Technol & Engn Vellore Tamil Nadu India Dept IT Natl Engn Coll Kovilpatti Tamil Nadu India Sejong Univ Dept Software 209 Neungdong Ro Seoul 05006 South Korea Chung Ang Univ Dept Ind Secur Seoul South Korea

An urban local body of our country has planned to establish innovative and affordable method of treating solid waste offsite. Current manual waste segregation method is still a challenge for the environmental sustainability and considering the fact a mechanical waste segregator is designed which can identify the type of waste and separate them using arduino microcontroller. The separated solid wastes are subjected to landfill and a review on landfill leachate management practice is presented in this paper. Then an enhanced Sequential Leach Bed-HUASB Reactor design is proposed for leachate treatment. The fabricated pilot scale model was functioning in the mesophilic state with pretreated solid waste as feed for ten different organic loading. The routine and real time monitoring of process control is based on plasma that depends on remote and onsite control. The materialization of devices is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) cloud, which is observed to be the emerging trend. By captivating the field data the devices are related to the process of mathematical calculation that plays significant role in transforming to the objects and are used to scrutinize turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen and COD using sensors, thereby managing the leachate for making Sustainable smart city development.

关键词： arduino microcontroller Leachate IoT Remote control Smart city

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Development of UV/Persulfate based laboratory-scale continuous-flow leachate treatment system

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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021年 24卷

作者： Ishak, Ahmad Razali Khor, Soo Wei Mohamad, Sharifah Tay, Kheng Soo Univ Malaya Fac Sci Dept Chem Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Univ Teknol MARA Cawangan Selangor Fac Hlth Sci Ctr Environm Hlth & Safety Kampus Puncak Alam Puncak Alam 42300 Selangor Malaysia

Stabilized landfill leachates (SLL) contain a high concentration of biorecalcitrant substances. Conventional biological-based water treatment methods are often inefficient in the treatment of SLL. In this study, a laboratory-scale automated continuous flow leachate treatment system was developed to study the feasibility of combining coagulation-flocculation and a sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (UVactivated persulfate) in the treatment of SLL. SLL was first treated with coagulation- flocculation. Subsequently, the pre-treated leachate was filtered through a sand filter into an ammonia-stripping tank and a flow-through UV purifier. Ammonia stripping and the UV-activated persulfate advanced oxidation process were performed simultaneously to remove ammonium ions and dissolved organic matter from the pre-treated SLL. The treated SLL was then passed through an anion exchange column for sulfate ion removal. The results showed that this system reduced chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon concentrations by 91 and 90%, respectively. Further, 68% of ammoniacal nitrogen was removed. The color and turbidity of the SLL were removed entirely, and the system removed 70 to 98% of the metals commonly contained in SLLs. The phytotoxicity and ecotoxicity of the SLL were also largely reduced. The results confirmed that the developed continuous flow leachate treatment system could efficiently reduce the color, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, metals, ammoniacal nitrogen, and the toxicity of SLL. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Advanced oxidation processes Sulfate radical Toxicity of effluent Phytotoxicity of leachate arduino microcontroller

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