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Experimental assessment of LNC-based cooperative communication schemes using commercial off-the-shelf wireless sensor network nodes

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2018年第7期31卷 e3508-e3508页

作者： Valle, Odilson T. Budke, Gerson Montez, Carlos Moraes, Ricardo Vasques, Francisco Fed Inst Santa Catarina IFSC Sao Jose SC Brazil R&D Intelbras Sao Jose SC Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Florianopolis SC Brazil Univ Porto INEGI FEUP Porto Portugal

The use of wireless sensor network nodes to support reliable communication exposes some challenging issues. For instance, the reduced available bandwidth combined with an error-prone communication medium impairs the provision of reliable communication services. Network coding techniques can be useful to mitigate some of these issues, where multiple message groups can be combined into single messages and retransmitted to their destinations, improving the network reliability and reducing the bandwidth consumption. However, an effective use of network coding requires the availability of wireless sensor network nodes able to encode/decode messages within the required timing constraints. This paper reports an experimental assessment of commercial off-the-shelf wireless sensor network nodes, running a set of network coding encoding/decoding tasks. The assessed nodes range from the high-performance ARM Cortex-M7 to the low capability arduino uno platforms, including some of the most popular ARM Cortex and ATMEL AVR processors. The performed experimental assessment demonstrates that highly complex network coding techniques (with fields as large as F28) can be efficiently implemented on a wide range of wireless sensor network nodes, including ARM Cortex, ATMEL AVR, and arduino uno platforms, smoothing some relevant reliable communication implementation issues.

关键词： arduino uno ARM Cortex ATMEL AVR experimental assessment network coding reliable communication wireless sensor networks

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Development of a wireless intravenous drip rate monitoring device

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SENSOR NETWORKS 2019年第3期29卷 159-170页

作者： Patnaik, Pratyush Kumar Nayak, Suraj Kumar Dey, Anilesh Ray, Sirsendu Sekhar Pal, Kunal Natl Inst Technol Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn Rourkela 769008 Odisha India Narula Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Kolkata 700109 W Bengal India

Biotelemetry increases the efficiency of the healthcare professionals. This study proposes the development of a wireless-communication-enabled low-cost, automated drip rate monitoring system, used for intravenous (IV) therapy. The proposed system monitors the falling fluid drops inside the drip chamber, and subsequently calculates and displays the drip rate on a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. It is capable of wirelessly notifying the central monitoring station when the drip rate is outside the set range. The system was designed using a light emitting diode (LED), a light-dependent resistor (LDR), a microcontroller and an Xbee wireless module. The proposed device is simple, user-friendly and can reduce the workload of the healthcare givers by reducing their regular visit to the patient site.

关键词： drip rate intravenous infusion LED light emitting diode LDR light-dependent resistor microcontroller arduino uno Zigbee wireless network mesh topology graphical user interface

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Construction of a microbubble generation and measurement unit for use in flotation systems

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN 2020年 153卷 212-219页

作者： Ferreira Brasileiro, Pedro Pinto Bandeira dos Santos, Leonardo Chaprao, Marcos Jose de Almeida, Darne Germano Freire Soares da Silva, Rita de Cassia Cabral Roque, Bruno Augusto dos Santos, Valdemir Alexandre Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora Benachour, Mohand Univ Fed Pernambuco Dept Engn Quim Av Economistas S-N BR-5074059 Recife PE Brazil Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco Rede Nordeste Biotecnol Rua Dom Manuel Medeiros S-N BR-52171900 Recife PE Brazil Univ Catolica Pernambuco Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Rua Principe 526 BR-50050900 Recife PE Brazil Inst Avancado Tecnol & Inovacao Rua Joaquim de Brito 216 BR-50070280 Recife PE Brazil

Flotation with microbubblesis one of the most viable methodi for separating oil fr6m water. Microbubbles are formed by the' injection 'of a small air flow through 'a pressurized liquid flow. In the present study, a microbubble generation arid measurement unit (MBGMU) was constructed to measure mean microbubble size through the liquid flow and airflow of the system. The liquid flow rate was measured by a Hall effect-type sensor, whereas it was necessary to construct a sensor for bubbles immersed in glycerin for the determination of the airflow rate. This sensor was used to determine the minimum and maximum airflow limits, and the airflow measurements were compared with pressure gauge readings to establish a calibration curve. The arduino uno R3 (R) board was the microcontroller of the MBGMU for the determination of the liquid flow rate. A coupled system involving a GoPro Hero 6 camera and microscope lenses was assembled to capture images of the microbubbles. The airflow rate ranged from 0.001 to 10,0001/h, and a high linear regression coefficient was found (98%) for the calibration between airflow and the variation in pressure. Images of microbubbles in motion were captured for future analyses. This innovative device is a promising system to be applied in industrial processes for the control of microbubbles produced in flotation systems. (C) 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquid flow rate Airflow rate arduino uno GoPro

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A decision-making approach on control techniques for an inverted pendulum based on, neuro-fuzzy, indirect adaptive and PID controllers

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DISCOVER APPLIED SCIENCES 2024年第5期6卷 1-17页

作者： de la Cruz-alejo, Jesus Beatriz-Cuellar, Hugo Guillermo, I. C. Alcocer Ortega, Agustin Mora Sch Tecnol Nacl Mexico Tecnol Estudios Super Ecatepec Mexico City Mexico

The operation of an inverted pendulum and its respective type of control are affected by the change of the values of its internal parameters. Changes with high uncertainty result in responses with undesirable outputs. In this work, a comparison is presented for the control of an inverted pendulum to determine the operation and characteristics of three types of control systems: Neuro-Fuzzy Control (NFC), Indirect Adaptive Control (IAC) and a Proportional Integral Derivative control (PID). The study considers several indices such as stabilization time, rise time, mean square error, overshoots, convergence, computational load, error, mathematical requirements, and performance indices for control systems. To demonstrate its operation, the controls are implemented in hardware, one for the NFC and another for the IAC under an arduino uno platform. The results indicate that the NFC and IAC controls do not generate a transient or impulse response, only a small delay and the rise and stabilization time are minimal. While PID presents a transient response and overshoot, as well as a stabilization time to reach the steady state response. center dot The characteristics and operation of an NFC, IAN, and a PID were analyzed using an inverted pendulum. center dot The prototype was built to carry out experimental tests with the controllers. center dot For the controllers, the initial requirements, implementation results (hardware), and efficiency are described.

关键词： arduino uno Artificial neural networks Fuzzy logic control Inverter pendulum PID

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A comparative analysis of energy consumption in conventional and electric vehicles

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE PERFORMANCE 2024年第2期10卷 177-195页

作者： Naik, S. Gopiya Nabi, Syed Mohammed Mustafa PES Coll Engn Dept EEE Mandya Karnataka India

Most widely used motorised vehicles until now are petroleum-based vehicles. But, environmental concerns, policy change and technological advancements are resulting in steady replacement of the conventional vehicles with electric vehicles (EV). With widespread adoption of EVs, it is a must to compare their performance against conventional vehicles. In this paper, the performance of electric propulsion (EP)-based scooters and internal combustion engine (ICE)-based scooters are analysed in terms of power requirement, torque requirement, energy consumption, and mileage. These scooters are modelled using MATLAB Simulink considering longitudinal vehicle dynamics. For this, drive cycle of Mandya City (Karnataka state) is constructed by gathering speed versus time data by driving a scooter with various rolling resistance coefficients. In addition, a standard signal having constant and zero acceleration, constant deceleration phases is also considered to simulate the models in a hilly region by varying the grade angle. Four popular commercial scooters available in India were modelled.

关键词： electric vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle drive cycle battery-to-wheel efficiency tank-to-wheel efficiency vehicle dynamics arduino uno

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Investigation of errors in microcontroller interface circuit for mutual inductance sensor

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ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH 2019年第2期22卷 578-591页

作者： Anarghya, A. Rao, Shrikantha S. Herbert, Mervin A. Karanth, P. Navin Rao, Nitish Natl Inst Technol Surathkal Dept Mech Engn Mechatron Engn Mangalore Karnataka India TU Eindhoven Eindhoven Netherlands

This paper proposes direct microcontroller interface circuit on arduino platform, which is realized using the inductive sensors. The circuit is composed of two external resistors and two reference inductors resulting in four RL circuits. The microcontroller independently excites the two RL circuit on the primary side in order to measure the discharging time of voltage across each inductor. The discharging time of voltage across the inductors on the secondary side is measured similarly which is excited due to mutual inductance from the primary side. The technique of time-to-digital conversion from the built-in timer of microcontroller enables estimation of inductance value, which is compared with the actual value for self inductance and mutual inductance circuits. Error analysis on the discharge time measurement are performed viz, parasitic resistance, parasitic capacitance on input-output ports along with ringing effects and relative quantization error. The resistance and inductance estimation with regards to varying time period of oscillation of crystal is performed to analyze the effect of oscillation frequency on estimation. The parasitic resistance and quantization effects both contribute to the non-linearity errors (NLE) which is investigated further experimentally. The optimum value of the resistance was observed to be 120 Omega and 60 Omega for the primary and secondary side respectively. For primary side, the current and power consumption is 29 mA and 145 mW respectively, while for the secondary side, the current and power consumption is 27.5 mA and 137.5 mW respectively. The maximum NLE of -0.18 %FSS and -0.24 %FSS has been observed for an inductance range of 1 mH-10 mH along both primary and secondary sides respectively, whereas for an inductance range of 10 mH-100 mH, the NLE achieved was 0.29 %FSS and -0.34 %FSS for the primary and secondary sides respectively. The future scope of the linear position displacement of the inductive sensor concludes the pap

关键词： Microcontroller arduino uno Mutual inductance sensor RL circuit

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Experimental investigation on controlled cooling by coupling of thermoelectric and an air impinging jet for CPU

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HEAT TRANSFER 2021年第3期50卷 2242-2258页

作者： Belarbi, Abdelillah Abed Beriache, M'hamed Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi Mamat, Rizalman Hassiba Benbouali Univ Chlef Fac Technol Lab Rheol & Mech BP 78C Chlef 02180 Algeria Univ Teknol Malaysia Malaysia Japan Int Inst Technol Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Univ Malaysia Pahang Fac Mech Engn Pahang Malaysia

In this study, experimental tests have been carried out on the coupling thermoelectric cooling module with minichannel heatsink subjected to impinging airflow for cooling desktop central processing unit (CPU). A controlled thermoelectric-forced test system was designed for this purpose. This was designed using electronic arduino card. The proposed hybrid cooling system was compared with the conventional forced air-cooling technique. Three power of heat source (CPU) were adopted, investigated, and compared, namely 60, 87, and 95 W. Performance of controlled thermoelectric cooling with three preset temperature were experimentally examined. The effects of air velocity and thermoelectric input current on the case temperature (T-case), thermal resistance, and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed. Results showed that theT(case) increases with the increase of its input power. In addition, increasing air jet velocity and thermoelectric input current improve CPU cooling significantly. For a CPU power of 95 W, the recorded T-case temperature was 57 degrees C with the conventional system. While it was maintained below 50 degrees C in the hybrid system. The thermoelectric cooler has had a major effect on CPU cooling, having 15% improvement over conventional forced air-cooling. However, this was accompanied by an increase in energy consumption in the range of 45 W.

关键词： arduino uno CPU electronics cooling heatsink impinging jet thermoelectric

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Application of a low-cost RGB sensor to detect basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) nutritional status at pilot scale level

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PRECISION AGRICULTURE 2021年第3期22卷 734-753页

作者： Brambilla, Massimo Romano, Elio Buccheri, Marina Cutini, Maurizio Toscano, Pietro Cacini, Sonia Massa, Daniele Ferri, Serena Monarca, Danilo Fedrizzi, Marco Burchi, Gianluca Bisaglia, Carlo Consiglio Ric Agr & Anal Econ Agr CREA Res Ctr Engn & Agrofood Proc Via Milano 43 I-24047 Treviglio BG Italy Consiglio Ric Agr & Anal Econ Agr CREA Res Ctr Engn & Agrofood Proc Via G Venezian 26 I-20133 Milan Italy Consiglio Ric Agr & Anal Econ Agr CREA Res Ctr Vegetable & Ornamental Crops Via Fiori 8 I-51017 Pescia PT Italy Consiglio Ric Agr & Anal Econ Agr CREA Res Ctr Engn & Agrofood Proc Via Pascolare 16 I-00015 Rome Italy Univ Tuscia Dept Agr & Forestry Sci DAFNE Via S Camillo Lellis Snc I-01100 Viterbo Italy

In this work, basil plants were fertilized with 0, 2.5 mM and 10 mM nitrogen (with different NO3-/NH(4)(+)ratios), and then monitored using a low-power technique based on an optical leaf meter and a low-cost RGB sensor interfaced with an arduino uno board. The study aimed to investigate possible relationships between the concentration of some plant compounds (i.e., leaf chlorophyll and flavonoids content) and the nitrogen balance index, with the output data of a low-cost RGB sensor to indicate its capability in discriminating among different levels of nutrition. The data obtained underwent univariate and multivariate analysis. The univariate data analysis showed that the low-cost RGB sensor readings followed the development of the plants according to the varying applications of nitrogen. The multivariate analysis of the data showed that the indices related to plant metabolic efficiency and leaf colour were those most affected by the nitrogen levels of the solutions used. The comparison of the discrimination powers of the systems showed that both systems achieved comparable discrimination performances (85.0% and 89.4%) for plants supplied with 0 mM nitrogen solution. However, at increasing levels of nitrogen, the RGB sensor performed worse than the optical leaf meter (- 15.8% and - 8.6% for the 2.5 and 10 mM N treatments). The effect of the NO3-/NH(4)(+)ratio could hardly be distinguished (except for the total chlorophyll resulting from the optical leaf meter readings). More data is, however, necessary to create a more robust model for future implementation of the application of such a sensor.

关键词： arduino uno Plant monitoring Optical leaf meter Nitrogen Leaf colour

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Development of Experimental Low-Cost Rain Gauges and their Evaluation During a High Intensity Storm Event

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2024年第1期11卷 6页

作者： Dervos, Nikolaos A. Baltas, Evangelos A. Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Civil Engn Dept Water Resources & Environm Engn Athens Greece

The measurement of rainfall via ground sensors is fundamental in a variety of hydrological applications, including rainfall-runoff simulations, basin water balance and flood forecasting. The tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR) constitutes the most common type of automatic gauge for the measurement of rainfall intensity. The objective of this work is the development of low-cost and reliable rain gauges, including their data logger, which could be installed at remote, rural areas, in order to supplement with rainfall data the limited or non-existing network of hydrological stations. To achieve this target, two experimental TBRs with diameters of 20 cm (RG20) and 28 cm (RG28) were developed. Electronic boards arduino uno and Raspberry Pi were used for their data logger. The measurements of RG20 and RG28 were compared with those of a high quality rain gauge ARG100 and a daily non-recording rain gauge. The cyclone Daniel on 06-09-2023 caused an intermittent storm event in the city of Athens, Greece, which was measured by all three TBRs for purposes of evaluation. The results showed that the variations between ARG100 and RG28 were lower than 6%, while the variations between ARG100 and RG20 were about 10% during a few time intervals of high rainfall intensity. The return period of the storm event were estimated at 43, 59 and 45 years for rainfall durations of 10, 20 and 30 min, respectively. The observed daily rainfall depth at the non-recording rain gauge was almost identical with that of ARG100 and *** variations on 10-min scale between ARG100 and RG28 were lower than 6%.The respective variations between ARG100 and RG20 were about 10% for a few time *** experimental data logger of the rain gauges has been operating reliably.

关键词： Tipping bucket rain gauge Data logger Electronic board arduino uno Raspberry Pi Athens

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Microscale Flow Control and Droplet Generation Using arduino-Based Pneumatically-Controlled Microfluidic Device

BIOSENSORS-BASEL

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BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2024年第10期14卷 469页

作者： Park, Woohyun Choe, Se-woon Kim, Minseok Kumoh Natl Inst Technol Dept Mech Syst Engn Gumi 39177 South Korea Kumoh Natl Inst Technol Dept Aeronaut Mech & Elect Convergence Engn Gumi 39177 South Korea Kumoh Natl Inst Technol Dept Med IT Convergence Engn Gumi 39177 South Korea Kumoh Natl Inst Technol Dept IT Convergence Engn Gumi 39253 South Korea

Microfluidics are crucial for managing small-volume analytical solutions for various applications, such as disease diagnostics, drug efficacy testing, chemical analysis, and water quality monitoring. The precise control of flow control devices can generate diverse flow patterns using pneumatic control with solenoid valves and a microcontroller. This system enables the active modulation of the pneumatic pressure through arduino programming of the solenoid valves connected to the pressure source. Additionally, the incorporation of solenoid valve sets allows for multichannel control, enabling simultaneous creation and manipulation of various microflows at a low cost. The proposed microfluidic flow controller facilitates accurate flow regulation, especially through periodic flow modulation beneficial for droplet generation and continuous production of microdroplets of different sizes. Overall, we expect the proposed microfluidic flow controller to drive innovative advancements in technology and medicine owing to its engineering precision and versatility.

关键词： microfluidic device flow control solenoid valves arduino uno pneumatic pump micro-droplet

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