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检索条件"主题词=Arithmetic coding"

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Comprehensive Analysis of Software-Based Fault Tolerance with arithmetic coding for Performant Encoding of Integer Calculations 1

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41st International Conference on Safety, Reliability, and Security of Computer-Based Systems (SAFECOMP)

作者： Fischer, Marc Riedel, Oliver Lechler, Armin Univ Stuttgart Inst Control Engn Machine Tools & Mfg Units D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783031148354

ISBN: (纸本)9783031148354;9783031148347

Safety-critical systems are becoming more complex with use cases like autonomous driving or human-robot collaboration. Therefore, the performance impact of software-based fault-tolerance methods is challenging. Using software-based fault tolerance is an attractive approach because commercial off-the-shelf hardware can be used. One possibility to implement software-based fault tolerance are arithmetic codes, already used in safety-critical products. Recently, AN codes have received particular attention;however, they have a significant performance impact in complex safety applications that require 64-bit wide integer calculations. Therefore, we comprehensively analyze different arithmetic codes in this work to identify the best suitable 64-bit integer support. We identify the ones' complement as the best matching encoding strategy through new code metrics, fault simulations, and performance analysis. We validate our results by applying ones' complement coding to a sample algorithm. Performance measurements and fault injection simulation confirm our results.

关键词： arithmetic coding Fault tolerance Ones' complement

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An optimized context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding algorithm in progressive H.264 encoder

An optimized context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding...

引用

Conference on Visual Information Processing XV

作者： Xiao, guang Shi, xu-li An, ping yang-Zhang, zhao Gao, ge Teng, guo-wei Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Displays & Syst Applicat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Municipal Educ Examinat Author 500 South Qinzhou Rd Shanghai 200235 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Engn Sci Shanghai Peoples R China SVA GRP Co Ltd Cent Res Acad Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819463027

Context-based Adaptive Binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a new entropy coding method presented in H.264/AVC that is highly efficient in video coding. In the method, the probability of current symbol is estimated by using the wisely designed context model, which is adaptive and can approach to the statistic characteristic. Then an arithmetic coding mechanism largely reduces the redundancy in inter-symbol. Compared with UVLC method in the prior standard, CABAC is complicated but efficiently reduce the bit rate. Based on thorough analysis of coding and decoding methods of CABAC, This paper proposed two methods, sub-table method and stream-reuse methods, to improve the encoding efficiency implemented in H.264 JM code. In JM, the CABAC function produces bits one by one of every syntactic element. Multiplication operating times after times in the CABAC function lead to it inefficient. The proposed algorithm creates tables beforehand and then produce every bits of syntactic element. In JM, intra-prediction and inter-prediction mode selection algorithm with different criterion is based on RDO(rate distortion optimization) model. One of the parameter of the RDO model is bit rate that is produced by CABAC operator. After intra-prediction or inter-prediction mode selection, the CABAC stream is discard and is recalculated to output stream. The proposed Stream-reuse algorithm puts the stream in memory that is created in mode selection algorithm and reuses it in encoding function. Experiment results show that our proposed algorithm can averagely speed up 17 to 78 MSEL higher speed for QCIF and CIF sequences individually compared with the original algorithm of JM at the cost of only a little memory space. The CABAC was realized in our progressive h.264 encoder.

关键词： arithmetic coding video coding context modeling H.264 CABAC

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Advancing IoT Anomalous Traffic Detection through arithmetic coding in Transformer-Based Architectures 20

Advancing IoT Anomalous Traffic Detection through Arithmetic...

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20th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IEEE IWCMC) - Green and Intelligent Communications

作者： Xiong, Yiyang Dong, Shilei Shi, Fangning Zhang, Haoming China Telecom Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361261;9798350361278

With the widespread proliferation of mobile devices and the rapid development of mobile network technologies, the issue of network security has become increasingly critical, especially in the field of network anomaly detection. Traditional anomaly detection methods, such as rule-based and feature-matching techniques, often struggle to effectively cope with increasingly complex network threats. To address this issue, we have incorporated machine learning and deep learning technologies, particularly a strategy of integrating representative tags into word vectors through arithmetic coding. This method, inspired by position encoding, directly enhances the expressive power of the original word vectors and improves the model's precision in recognizing anomalous behaviors in industrial IoT traffic data, such as ransomware, crypto-mining malware, and DDoS Trojans. This encoding strategy uses shorter codes for frequently occurring words and longer codes for less common words, which not only makes the encoding of information more efficient but also helps the model learn and adapt to the data's characteristics more quickly. Our experiments have demonstrated that this approach significantly improves fitting efficiency and detection accuracy compared to traditional models without such encoding. This indicates that combining machine learning technologies with innovative data processing methods can significantly optimize the performance of network anomaly detection.

关键词： IoT Traffic Detection arithmetic coding Transformer

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A Fast Binary arithmetic coding Using Probability Table of Expanded Symbols

A Fast Binary Arithmetic Coding Using Probability Table of E...

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International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications (ISITA)

作者： Kanahara, Shota Hasegawa, Madoka Kato, Shigeo Tanaka, Yuichi Utsunomiya Univ Grad Sch Engn 7-1-2 Yoto Utsunomiya Tochigi 3218585 Japan Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol Grad Sch BASE Koganei Tokyo 1848588 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784885522673

The arithmetic coding is known as a highly efficient entropy coding. However, its encoding and decoding are time-consuming due to the symbol-by-symbol arithmetic operations. Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the computation time by replacing the multiplication with the addition, subtraction or shift operation. However, these approximations cause a loss of the coding efficiency. In this paper, we propose a fast binary arithmetic coding by using a precomputed probability table of expanded symbols. Simulation results show that the codec speed, especially the encoding speed, is improved by our method while the coding efficiency is almost same as that of the conventional method.

关键词： arithmetic coding Signs and symbols shift operation computational time code efficiency codecs Addition & subtraction DEcoding Binary Tables

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2D-Discrete Walsh Wavelet Transform for Image Compression with arithmetic coding

2D-Discrete Walsh Wavelet Transform for Image Compression wi...

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4th International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)

作者： Malviya, Sunil Gupta, Neelesh Shirvastava, Vibhanshu Truba Inst Bhopal Bhopal India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479939251

with the increasing demand of storage and transmission of digital images, image compression is now become an essential applications for storage and transmission. This paper proposes a new scheme for image compression using DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) taking into account sub-band features in the frequency domains. Method involves two steps firstly a two levels discrete wavelet transforms on selected input image. The original image is decomposed at different 8x8 blocks, after that apply 2D-Walsh-Wavelet Transform (WWT) on each 8x8 block of the low frequency sub-band. Firstly dividing each sub-band by a factor and then apply arithmetic coding on each sub-band independently. Transform each 8x8 block from LL2, and then divide each block 8x8 separated into;DC value and compressed by arithmetic coding.

关键词： Image Compression Daubechies-Wavelet arithmetic coding

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Efficient Cumulative Probability Distribution Estimation for arithmetic coding 9

Efficient Cumulative Probability Distribution Estimation for...

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9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)

作者： Ceperkovic, Vladimir Prokin, Milan Prokin, Dragana Univ Belgrade Sch Elect Engn Belgrade Serbia Sch Elect & Comp Engn Appl Studies Belgrade Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169491

Cumulative probability estimates of binary symbols are performed by finite state machines selecting binary symbols from the predefined finite set, in order to feed state-of-the-art arithmetic coders in image compression devices. This paper discloses novel method for cumulative probability distribution estimation, based on low pass filtering with varying dominant pole, providing high estimation precision and short code length. This embodiment utilizes only integer arithmetic, without multiplication or division operations, thus providing significant reduction in necessary hardware resources of IoT devices.

关键词： image compression cumulative probability estimation arithmetic coding varying dominant pole filter

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Screen capture and arithmetic coding based on content increment

Screen capture and arithmetic coding based on content increm...

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6th International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics

作者： Huang, Ruo-Hong Lou, Huai-Lan Chen, Yong-Qiang Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & technol Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424409723

Aimed at solving the problem of teacher computer screen information transmission on the Internet and storage in the hard disk in the distance education, this paper analyzes the characteristic of screen capture and lossless compression in the online teaching. It proposes a novel solution for screen capture based on content increment and arithmetic coding to produce screen stream and transmit simultaneously with teacher's audio/video streams on the Internet and make multimedia courseware in the hard disk at the same time. The effectiveness and good results of this method in real-time and non-real-time learning have been testified by the real system.

关键词： distance education screen capture arithmetic coding screen stream content increment

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Enhanced arithmetic coding Using Total Frequency in Power of 2 & Processing Multi-bits at a Time

Enhanced Arithmetic Coding Using Total Frequency in Power of...

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6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)

作者： Doshi, Jyotika Gandhi, Savita Gujarat Technol Univ GLS Inst Comp Technol Dept Comp Sci Ahmadabad 380006 Gujarat India Gujarat Univ Dept Comp Sci Ahmadabad 380009 Gujarat India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901920

The purpose of the research work presented here is to reduce the execution time of arithmetic coding. arithmetic coding is a very efficient and most popular entropy coding technique used with most of the data compression methods. arithmetic coding is based on cumulative probability of symbols. In implementations using integer arithmetic, it uses cumulative frequency/total frequency in place of cumulative probability while computing new subinterval [low, high). In renormalization loop, it outputs single matching most significant bit of low and high bound of an interval and renormalizes an interval till an interval becomes 2(b-2) wide, where b is number of bits used to store the range value. In this paper, multibit-power2 approach is proposed that combines two techniques together to increase the speed of execution. One technique is to scale all frequencies such that total frequency results in power of two. This enables division or multiplication by total frequency to be performed using shift operations. Another technique is to process more than one bit at a time to reduce the number of iterations of renormalization loop. As compared to conventional implementations, proposed multibit-power2 approach has resulted in 82% overall saving in the execution speed while compressing with no compromise on compression rate and 38% overall gain in execution time while decompressing.

关键词： arithmetic coding lossless data compression order-0 model multi-bit processing reduced execution time shift operations total frequency in power of two

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DNA coding USING FINITE-CONTEXT MODELS AND arithmetic coding

DNA CODING USING FINITE-CONTEXT MODELS AND ARITHMETIC CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Pinho, Armando J. Neves, Antonio J. R. Bastos, Carlos A. C. Ferreira, Paulo J. S. G. Univ Aveiro Signal Proc Lab DETI IEETA P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

The interest in DNA coding has been growing with the availability of extensive genomic databases. Although only two bits are sufficient to encode the four DNA bases, efficient lossless compression methods are still needed due to the size of DNA sequences and because standard compression algorithms do not per-form well on DNA sequences. As a result, several specific coding methods have been proposed. Most of these methods are based on searching procedures for finding exact or approximate repeats. Low order finite-context models have only been used as secondary, fall back mechanisms. In this paper, we show that finite-context models can also be used as main DNA encoding methods. We propose a coding method based on two finite-context models that compete for the encoding of data, on a block by block basis. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： DNA coding source coding finite-context modeling bioinformatics arithmetic coding

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p-Suffix Sorting as arithmetic coding

p-Suffix Sorting as Arithmetic Coding

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22nd International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms

作者： Beal, Richard Adjeroh, Donald W Virginia Univ Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Morgantown WV 26506 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783642250101

The challenge of direct parameterized suffix sorting (p-suffix sorting) for a parameterized string (p-string) is the dynamic nature of parameterized suffixes (p-suffixes). In this work, we propose transformative approaches to direct p-suffix sorting by generating and sorting lexicographically numeric fingerprints and arithmetic codes that correspond to individual p-suffixes. Our algorithm to p-suffix sort via fingerprints is the first theoretical linear time algorithm for p-suffix sorting for non-binary parameter alphabets, which assumes that each code is represented by a practical integer. We eliminate the key problems of fingerprints by introducing an algorithm that exploits the ordering of arithmetic codes to sort p-suffixes in linear time on average.

关键词： parameterized suffix array parameterized suffix sorting arithmetic coding fingerprints p-string p-match

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