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Spoofing mitigation in Global Positioning System based on C/A code self-coherence with array signal processing

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS 2017年第1期62卷 66-73页

作者： Bao, Lina Wu, Renbiao Wang, Wenyi Lu, Dan Tianjin Univ Sch Elect Informat Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Civil Aviat Univ China Tianjin Key Lab Adv Signal Proc Tianjin 300300 Peoples R China

Spoofing is a deliberate attack that can coerce Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers into providing false position/navigation solutions. Spoofing is more dangerous than jamming since the target receiver is not aware of this menace. In this paper, a novel signal processing scheme is proposed for rejecting the repeat spoofing, which is based on the strong self-coherence property of the C/A code. Firstly, the number and Direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of spoofing attacks are estimated by the MUSIC-Like DOA estimation method based on the Framework of Beamforming (MLFB). Then, the constrained version of cross spectral self-coherence restoral (cross-SCORE) algorithm is applied to mitigate the spoofing. The proposed scheme can simultaneously mitigate spoofing and adaptively provide high beamforming gain for authentic signal without the prior information of DOAs of the authentic signal. Moreover, the scheme can be used as an independent spoofing mitigation module that can be embedded in the GPS receiver. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： global positioning system (GPS) spoofing mitigation direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation array signal processing

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MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD BASED SENSOR array signal-processing IN THE BEAMSPACE DOMAIN FOR LOW-ANGLE RADAR TRACKING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON signal processing 1991年第3期39卷 656-671页

作者： ZOLTOWSKI, MD LEE, TS School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

A 3-D beamspace domain, maximum likelihood (3-D BDML) bearing estimation scheme for low angle radar tracking is developed. The novelty of 3-D BDML is its judicious exploitation of the fact that the respective beams associated with any three classical beam-forming vectors which are mutually orthogonal have M - 3 nulls in common, where M is the number of elements comprising a uniformly spaced, linear array. Exploitation of this property yields an estimation scheme that is nearly as computationally simple as the 2-D beamspace bearing estimation technique based on sum and difference beams employed in conventional monopulse radar. To provide robustness to the severe signal cancellation occurring across the array when the direct and specular path signals arrive 180-degrees out of phase at the aperture center with roughly equal amplitude, frequency diversity is incorporated into 3-D BDML. The coherent signal subspace concept of Wang and Kaveh is invoked as a means of retaining the computational simplicity of single frequency 3-D BDML. It is shown that if the auxiliary frequencies are chosen from a restricted set of "special" values, the 3 x 3 beamspace domain based focusing matrices necessary for coherently combining the target energy at each transmission frequency do not depend on the bearings of the direct and specular signals and are known a priori. Under these conditions, perfect "focusing" may be achieved at the outset, i.e., without iterating, such that the computational complexity is essentially that associated with single frequency operation.

关键词： Sensor arrays array signal processing Maximum likelihood estimation Direction of arrival estimation Phased arrays Vectors Yield estimation Radar Robustness Apertures

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Localization Algorithm for the PD Source in Substation Based on L-Shaped Antenna array signal processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2015年第1期30卷 472-479页

作者： Hou, Huijuan Sheng, Gehao Jiang, Xiuchen Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

A novel algorithm based on L-shaped antenna array signal processing is proposed in this paper for the localization of partial-discharge (PD) sources in substations. The principle of estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques has been used for finding the direction of arrival (DOA) of signals. Third-order cumulants of signals are used in this algorithm, by which Gaussian white noises and periodic narrowband interference mixed in observed signals can be efficiently suppressed. Planar location of PD sources can be obtained by solving the intersecting point of two lines in DOAs. Therefore, solving nonlinear equations can be avoided. Besides, it is convenient to replace the observed signals with their envelopes in this algorithm. The proposed algorithm is used to process mixed signals with simulated ultrahigh frequency (UHF) signals by electromagnetic-wave simulation software, Gaussian white noises of different signal-to-noise ratios, and fixed-frequency noises. The planar location of PD sources is obtained approximately. UHF signals collected in substations and their envelopes have proven to be suitable to locate PD sources effectively by the proposed algorithm as well. Therefore, the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are proved.

关键词： array signal processing directions of arrival estimation estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques localization algorithm partial discharge (PD) thirdorder cumulants ultra-high frequency (UHF)

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Temporal diversity on DS-CDMA communication systems for blind array signal processing

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signal processing 2001年第8期81卷 1625-1640页

作者： Palomar, DP Lagunas, MA Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Signal Theory & Commun ES-08034 Barcelona Spain

Many array signal processing algorithms have been developed to reject interfering signals and, therefore, increase the quality of the communication link. Some of them are reference-based and some others are blind, i.e., without any side information. A specific type of deterministic blind beamforming algorithms, named self-reference, is treated in the paper. Self-reference beamforming is suitable for signals presenting a diversity or a redundancy structure. This type of signals exhibit the property of exact self-prediction that allows the definition of an error signal to be minimized. In the present paper, the time diversity present in the well-known DS-CDMA communication system is analyzed. Blind approaches are derived from the property of exact self-prediction arising from the implicit time redundancy encountered in the spreading codes, and from the explicit time redundancy that can also be induced by the transmitter. The proposed methods do not require, unlike most blind subspace-based techniques, any kind of spectral matrix decomposition, with the consequent reduction of complexity and computational burden. The presented methods were tested via simulations and compared to the classical time reference beamformer (TRB) in terms of SINR and BER, showing a performance slightly better than a TRB scheme with 10% of the bits as a training sequence. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： blind self-reference self-prediction beamforming array signal processing subspace methods DS-CDMA spread spectrum diversity redundancy PN

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A fast multiple-source detection and localization array signal processing algorithm using the spatial filtering and ML approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON signal processing 2007年第5期55卷 1815-1827页

作者： Tadaion, Ali Akbar Derakhtian, Mostafa Gazor, Saeed Aref, Mohammad R. Yazd Univ Dept Elect Engn Yazd 89195741 Iran Shiraz Univ Dept Elect Engn Shiraz 71345 Iran Queens Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Sharif Univ Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran

We propose a computationally efficient algorithm for detection of multiple signals that also gives a rough estimation of their direction of arrivals (DOAs). The narrowband received signals from a uniform linear array are first filtered by a set of orthogonal filters, e.g., by a fast Fourier transformation, in order to separate the sources into multiple spatial intervals. This transformation converts the complicated multiltypothesis problem of source detection and localization into multiple binary hypothesis testing problems. For an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment, the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution of these interrelated tests requires substantially less computational complexity than that of the multihypothesis problem. For each spatial interval, a binary test detects the presence of a single source and thus gives a rough localization. We employ generalized-likelihood ratio (GLR) tests as the detection criterion, assuming that the number of sources, their power, and the noise variance are all unknown. We also show that the optimal uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) detector does not exist. However, we derive a UMPI detector that uses some extra information and as a result provides an upper bound performance for evaluation of any invariant detector. Simulations illustrate that the proposed noniterative GLR test performs efficiently for various number of observed data snapshots and signal-to-noise-ratios (SNR)s, and its performance is comparable to the upper bound performance. We used the proposed algorithm for the initialization of the iterative implementation of the standard ML localization. This combination is a high-resolution localization algorithm with a low computational complexity.

关键词： array signal processing detection direction-of-arrival estimation invariant test maximum-likelihood detection orthogonal transformation source detection source localization source separation

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Joint Direct and Indirect Channel Estimation for RIS-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Systems Based on array signal processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第11期22卷 8378-8391页

作者： Noh, Song Seo, Kyungsik Sung, Youngchul Love, David J. Lee, Junse Yu, Heejung Incheon Natl Univ Dept Informat & Telecommun Engn Incheon 22012 South Korea Samsung Res Seoul 06765 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Elect Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Sungshin Womens Univ Sch AI Convergence Seoul 02844 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Elect & Informat Engn Sejong 30019 South Korea

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a promising technology for enlarging the coverage area of millimeter wave systems. Unfortunately, realizing the full potential of these systems requires addressing numerous challenges in channel estimation. In this paper, channel estimation for RIS-assisted mmWave communications is considered. Under the assumption that the array manifolds of the base station antennas and the RIS reflecting elements are given by uniform arrays, an efficient two-stage channel estimation method based on array signal processing techniques is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the direct and indirect channels are jointly estimated by space-time processing that exploits the sparsity in RIS-assisted mmWave channels and the features associated with uniform arrays. Then, several practical issues, including detection of the number of channel paths, imperfect RIS hardware, and complexity, are addressed. Extensions to the cases of uniform planar array-based RIS, wideband communication, and multiple users are also discussed. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Channel estimation RIS mmWave iterative MLE array signal processing

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Efficient eigenspace-based array signal processing using multiple shift-invariant subarrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 1999年第1期47卷 186-194页

作者： Yu, SJ Lee, JH Univ Tokyo Dept Elect Engn Tokyo 106 Japan

This paper deals with the construction of eigensubspaces for adaptive array signal processing. An efficient technique for extracting the eigensubspaces spanned by the data vector received by an M-element adaptive array is presented, We first decompose the original array into several subarrays with multiple shift invariances and find the eigensubspaces corresponding to each of the subarrays, By solving a least-squares (LS) or total least-squares (TLS) problem, the signal and noise subspaces corresponding to the original array can be found from the eigensubspaces spanned by the subarray data vectors. Hence, there is no need to perform the eigenvalue decomposition of the N x N correlation matrix of the received data vector, The proposed technique significantly reduces the required computational complexity as compared to the conventional eigenspace-based (ESB) methods. In Conjunction with the spatial smoothing scheme or a proposed cross-correlation method, this technique can also deal with the case of coherent signals. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by several computer simulations.

关键词： adaptive arrays array signal processing

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A BAYESIAN-APPROACH TO AUTOCALIBRATION FOR PARAMETRIC array signal-processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON signal processing 1994年第12期42卷 3495-3507页

作者： VIBERG, M SWINDLEHURST, AL BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNPROVOUT 84602

A number of techniques for parametric (high-resolution) array signal processing have been proposed in the last few decades. With few exceptions, these algorithms require an exact characterization of the array, including knowledge of the sensor positions, sensor gain/phase response, mutual coupling, and receiver equipment effects. Unless all sensors are identical, this information must typically be obtained by experimental measurements (calibration). In practice, of course, all such information is inevitably subject to errors. Recently, several different methods have been proposed for alleviating the inherent sensitivity of parametric methods to such modeling errors. The technique proposed herein is related to the class of so-called auto-calibration procedures, but it is assumed that certain prior knowledge of the array response errors is available. This is a reasonable assumption in most applications, and it allows for more general perturbation models than does pure auto-calibration. The optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator for the problem at hand is formulated, and a computationally more attractive large-sample approximation is derived. The proposed technique is shown to be statistically efficient, and the achievable performance is illustrated by numerical evaluation and computer simulation.

关键词： Bayesian methods array signal processing Sensor arrays signal processing algorithms Sensor phenomena and characterization Mutual coupling Seismic measurements Parameter estimation Estimation error signal resolution

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A novel ultrasonic array signal processing scheme for wind measurement

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2018年 81卷 259-269页

作者： Li, Xinbo Zhu, Geyan Gao, Wei Sun, Haixin Liu, Guojun Wu, Yue Shi, Yaowu Jilin Univ Sch Commun Engn Renmin St 5988 Changchun 130022 Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Univ Sch Mech Sci & Engn Renmin St 5988 Changchun 130022 Jilin Peoples R China Changchun Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Weixing Rd 6543 Changchun 130022 Jilin Peoples R China

This article presents a novel ultrasonic array signal processing scheme for wind speed and wind direction measurement. Two ultrasonic array structures are illustrated and the corresponding array signal processing method is proposed. The statistical performance of proposed scheme, such as estimation variance and Cramer Rao Bound (CRB), is derived. The ambiguity problem for traditional uniform line array (ULA) structure is theoretically discussed. The hardware experiment results verify the feasibility of the proposed wind measurement method.

关键词： Ultrasonic sensor array array signal processing Estimation variance CRB analysis Wind measurement

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Wind speed and direction measurement based on arc ultrasonic sensor array signal processing algorithm

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2016年 65卷 437-444页

作者： Li, Xinbo Sun, Haixin Gao, Wei Shi, Yaowu Liu, Guojun Wu, Yue Jilin Univ Sch Commun Engn Renmin St 5988 Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Sch Mech Sci & Engn Renmin St 5988 Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Changchun Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Weixing Rd 6543 Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

This article investigates a kind of method to measure the wind speed and the wind direction, which is based on arc ultrasonic sensor array and combined with array signal processing algorithm. In the proposed method, a new arc ultrasonic array structure is introduced and the array manifold is derived firstly. On this basis, the measurement of the wind speed and the wind direction is analyzed and discussed by means of the basic idea of the classic MUSIC (Multiple signal Classification) algorithm, which achieves the measurements of the 360 degrees wind direction with resolution of 1 degrees and 0-60 m/s wind speed with resolution of 0.1 m/s. The implementation of the proposed method is elaborated through the theoretical derivation and corresponding discussion. Besides, the simulation experiments are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed method. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed method has superiority on anti-noise performance and improves the wind measurement accuracy. (C) 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Arc ultrasonic sensor Anemometer Wind speed and wind direction measurement array signal processing

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