We consider optical networks that use path restoration to restore lightpathsin the event of link failures. We present capacity-assignment algorithms andsignaling protocols for various design options and evaluate their...
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We consider optical networks that use path restoration to restore lightpathsin the event of link failures. We present capacity-assignment algorithms andsignaling protocols for various design options and evaluate their performance interms of capacity efficiency, restoration speed, and proportion of connections thatcan be restored successfully. Results show that, with preplanning, methods thatshare restoration capacity can provide rapid restoration while providing significantcapacity savings (as much as 40%) over methods with dedicated capacity. Methods withfailure-dependent (FD) restoration paths and wavelengths provide significantcapacity savings over methods with failure-independent (FI) paths and ***, this comes at a cost of considerably higher restoration time as well as anincreased fault-monitoring requirement. The wavelength-continuity requirement favorsmethods with preplanning over methods with dynamic wavelength assignment (DWA) afterthe failure. Increasing capacity does not compensate for lack of preplanning, whichmakes DWA appropriate only as a secondary restoration mechanism (e.g., best effort).Overall, preplanned FI restoration offers a good compromise between capacityefficiency, failure recovery time, and implementation complexity.
We propose a class of distributed, online wavelength-assignment algorithms foroptical networks that take reach constraints into account. Given a desired route,the goal of the assignment algorithm is to find a low-cost...
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We propose a class of distributed, online wavelength-assignment algorithms foroptical networks that take reach constraints into account. Given a desired route,the goal of the assignment algorithm is to find a low-cost sequence of unoccupiedwavelength channels along the route. The sequence must satisfy constraints thatinvolve the availability of wavelength converters, regenerators, and reachlimitations. The proposed class of algorithms use least-cost computations inauxiliary graphs. The graph structure enforces the constraints, while costs may beassigned to the graph to represent the cost of network resources. In particular,graph weights can be chosen to perform load-balancing of regenerator and fiberresources. Simulations of the algorithm in ring and mesh networks demonstrate theeffectiveness of the load-balancing approach.
The analysis of Al v has been extended to the 2 p 4 4 f , 5 f , and 5 g configurations. The classification of 96 newly observed lines, in the ranges 456–705 Å and 1579–1621 Å, has led to the determination ...
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The analysis of Al v has been extended to the 2 p 4 4 f , 5 f , and 5 g configurations. The classification of 96 newly observed lines, in the ranges 456–705 Å and 1579–1621 Å, has led to the determination of all the 4 f levels, except the pair based on the 1 S 0 parent, as well as ten 5 f levels and seven unresolved pairs of 5 g levels. The structures of these configurations have been studied by means of parametric calculations. The first ionization energy of Al v is at 1 240684 cm −1 , computed from the polarization formula. New measurements of the 2 s 2 2 p 4 –2 s 2 p 5 transitions in Al vi are reported.
A novel solution is proposed for joint intra/inter-domain signaling crankback for multidomain DWDM lightpath setup. The scheme leverages existing intra/inter-domain routing protocol state and provides mechanisms to tr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781557528841
A novel solution is proposed for joint intra/inter-domain signaling crankback for multidomain DWDM lightpath setup. The scheme leverages existing intra/inter-domain routing protocol state and provides mechanisms to track signaling failures and limit setup overheads and delays.
We have established a network model involving routing algorithms and assignment of modulation formats and spectral and spatial modes enabled to provide more insights on impacts of relevant signal and network parameters.
ISBN:
(纸本)9781943580279
We have established a network model involving routing algorithms and assignment of modulation formats and spectral and spatial modes enabled to provide more insights on impacts of relevant signal and network parameters.
We propose an approach to extract explanations from a trained reinforcement learning agent. Our analysis over three RMSA environment variations shows how the agent uses the input information, increasing our understand...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350377583
We propose an approach to extract explanations from a trained reinforcement learning agent. Our analysis over three RMSA environment variations shows how the agent uses the input information, increasing our understanding of its learned policy. (c) 2024 The Author(s)
Multiple target tracking requires data association that operates in conjunction with filtering. When multiple targets are closely spaced, the conventional approach (MHT/assignment) may not give satisfactory results. T...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945351X
Multiple target tracking requires data association that operates in conjunction with filtering. When multiple targets are closely spaced, the conventional approach (MHT/assignment) may not give satisfactory results. This is mainly because of the difficulty in deciding what the number of targets is. Recently, the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which propagates the PHD or the first moment instead of the full multitarget posterior density, was proposed in. (6-10) In this approach, the integral of the PHD over a region in the state space is the expected number of targets within this region and the peaks in the PHD can be regarded as the estimated locations of the targets at a given time step. In this approach the data association problem is not considered, i.e., the PHD is obtained only for a frame at a time. In our paper, a data association method combined with the PHD approach is proposed for multitarget tracking, i.e., we keep a separate tracker for each target, use the PHD filter to get the estimated number and locations of the targets at each time step, and then perform the "peak-to-track" association, whose results can provide information for PHD peak extraction at the next time step. Besides, by keeping a separate tracker for each target, our approach provides more information than the standard PHD filter. Using our approach, the multitarget tracking can be performed with automatic track initiation, maintenance, spawning, merging and termination. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach is computationally feasible and effective.
We show that a modified version of a path-vector protocol can drastically reduce the blocking and converge significantly faster, while exchanging less number of routing messages both during failure-free conditions and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424426065
We show that a modified version of a path-vector protocol can drastically reduce the blocking and converge significantly faster, while exchanging less number of routing messages both during failure-free conditions and during a convergence. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
Re-optimizing 1+1 protected networks for multiple time periods can lead to cost benefits. We show these cost reductions for a topology and a demand scenario applying traffic affecting and unaffecting rerouting of opti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424426065
Re-optimizing 1+1 protected networks for multiple time periods can lead to cost benefits. We show these cost reductions for a topology and a demand scenario applying traffic affecting and unaffecting rerouting of optical channels. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
We propose all-optical inverse multiplexing in elastic optical networks using superchannel multicasting to achieve efficient spectrum utilization. We show the benefit by simulation and demonstrate the feasibility by e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781557529930
We propose all-optical inverse multiplexing in elastic optical networks using superchannel multicasting to achieve efficient spectrum utilization. We show the benefit by simulation and demonstrate the feasibility by experiment on OFDM superchannel.
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