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Griffin: Real-Time Network Intrusion Detection System via Ensemble of autoencoder in SDN

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2022年第3期19卷 2269-2281页

作者： Yang, Liyan Song, Yubo Gao, Shang Hu, Aiqun Xiao, Bin Southeast Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Frontiers Sci Ctr Mobile Informat Commun & Secur Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Hong Kong Peoples R China

Many efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) using machine learning approaches in Software-defined Network (SDN). Unfortunately, existing solutions failed to detect real-time and zero-day attacks due to their limited throughput and prior knowledge-based detection. To this end, we propose Griffin, a NIDS that uses unsupervised machine learning expertise to detect both known and zero-day intrusion attacks in real-time with high accuracy. Specifically, Griffin uses an efficient feature extraction framework to capture the sequential features of the traffic packets. Then, it utilizes cluster analysis to reduce the feature scale to achieve low throughput. Moreover, an ensemble autoencoder is built automatically to further extract features with low complexity and high precision to train the model. We evaluate the accuracy, robustness, and complexity of the system using open datasets. The result shows that Griffin's complexity is about 40% lower, and its accuracy is at most 19% higher than existing ***, even in the situation with evasion, the Griffin has at most 9% decrease of AUC, which is a good performance compared with other solutions. Furthermore, this paper also utilizes the differential privacy framework during training autoencoders to protect datasets' privacy which is inherent in machine learning approaches.

关键词： Feature extraction Real-time systems Privacy Differential privacy Training Network intrusion detection Complexity theory Software-defined network (SDN) network intrusion detection system (NIDS) autoencoder ensemble learning differential privacy

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Human Motion Enhancement via Tobit Kalman Filter-Assisted autoencoder

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 29233-29251页

作者： Lannan, Nate Zhou, Le Fan, Guoliang Oklahoma State Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Stillwater OK 74078 USA

We present a novel approach to enhance the quality of human motion data collected by low-cost depth sensors, namely D-Mocap, which suffers from low accuracy and poor stability due to occlusion, interference, and algorithmic limitations. Our approach takes advantage of a large set of high-quality and diverse Mocap data by learning a general motion manifold via the convolutional autoencoder. In addition, the Tobit Kalman filter (TKF) is used to capture the kinematics of each body joint and handle censored measurement distribution. The TKF is incorporated with the autoencoder via latent space optimization, maintaining adherence to the motion manifold while preserving the kinematic nature of the original motion data. Furthermore, due to the lack of an open source benchmark dataset for this research, we have developed an extension of the Berkeley Multimodal Human Action Database (MHAD) by generating D-Mocap data from RGB-D images. The newly extended MHAD dataset is skeleton-matched and time-synced to the corresponding Mocap data and is publicly available. Along with simulated D-Mocap data generated from the CMU Mocap dataset and our self-collected D-Mocap dataset, the proposed algorithm is thoroughly evaluated and compared with different settings. Experimental results show that our approach can improve the accuracy of joint positions and angles as well as skeletal bone lengths by over 50%.

关键词： Manifolds Kinematics Filtering Kalman filters Bones Optimization Deep learning autoencoder human motion manifold depth sensors motion capture Tobit Kalman filter

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Reconstruction of EEG and ECG from Single Channel Mixture using Branched autoencoder based Separable Representations

Reconstruction of EEG and ECG from Single Channel Mixture us...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Datta, Shreyasi Gubbi, Jayavardhana Pal, Arpan TCS Research India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The growing use of wearable devices requires accurate and compact representations of high dimensional physiological signals. This work presents a UNet inspired autoencoder to represent and reconstruct multiple neuro-physiological signals from single channel data. The architecture comprises single-encoder/dual-branched decoders to obtain self-attention enabled compact embeddings of mixed ExG (EEG/ECG) signals through decaying encoder-decoder skip connections, for improved representation capability. The embeddings are separable into individual ExG components enabling simultaneous reconstruction of high fidelity EEG and ECG sources. The pretrained encoder can be used for a complex downstream task with minimum fine-tuning. Using the proposed method on a large corpus of single-channel mixed ExG generated from overnight Polysomnography (PSG) recordings, we show subject- and class- independent EEG/ECG reconstructions validated by multiple domain-specific metrics, and evaluate the classification performance of the encoded EEG embeddings into five sleep stages as a downstream task. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： attention autoencoder ECG EEG reconstruction representation

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Towards robust and understandable fault detection and diagnosis using denoising sparse autoencoder and smooth integrated gradients

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2022年 125卷 371-383页

作者： Peng, Peng Zhang, Yi Wang, Hongwei Zhang, Heming Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ ZJU UIUC Inst Haining 314400 Peoples R China

Industrial applications of fault detection and diagnosis face great challenges as they require not only accurate identification of faulty statuses but also the effective understandability of the results. In this paper, a two-step robust and understandable fault detection and diagnosis framework is developed to address this challenge by exploiting denoising sparse autoencoder and smooth integrated gradients. Specifically, denoising sparse autoencoder(DSAE) is utilized to detect faults in the first step. DSAE is more robust to noise corruption and has better generalization performance compared to the existing autoencoder-based methods. In the second step, smooth integrated gradients(SIG) is used to diagnose the root-cause variables of the faults detected. Smooth integrated gradients can provide a denoising effect on the feature importance. The proposed framework is evaluated through an application to the Tennessee Eastman process. As proved in the experiments, the presented DSAE-SIG method not only achieves higher diagnosis accuracy but also successfully identifies the potential root-cause variables of process disturbances. (C) 2021 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fault detection and diagnosis Deep learning Explainable artificial intelligence Root cause diagnosis autoencoder

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autoencoder-Driven Training Data Selection Based on Hidden Features for Improved Accuracy of ANN Short-Term Load Forecasting in ADMS

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ENERGIES 2024年第20期17卷 5183页

作者： Pajic, Zoran Jankovic, Zoran Selakov, Aleksandar Univ Novi Sad Fac Tech Sci Dept Power Elect & Telecommun Engn Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia Schneider Elect Novi Sad Ind 3G Novi Sad 21000 Serbia

This paper presents a novel methodology for short-term load forecasting in the context of significant shifts in the daily load curve due to the rapid and extensive adoption of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The proposed solution, built upon the Similar Days Method (SDM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), introduces several novelties: (1) selection of similar days based on hidden representations of day data using autoencoder (AE);(2) enhancement of model generalization by utilizing a broader set of training examples;(3) incorporating the relative importance of training examples derived from the similarity measure during training;and (4) mitigation of the influence of outliers by applying an ensemble of ANN models trained with different data splits. The presented AE configuration and procedure for selecting similar days generated a higher-quality training dataset, which led to more robust predictions by the ANN model for days with unexpected deviations. Experiments were conducted on actual load data from a Serbian electrical power system, and the results were compared to predictions obtained by the field-proven STLF tool. The experiments demonstrated an improved performance of the presented solution on test days when the existing STLF tool had poor predictions over the past year.

关键词： short-term load forecast autoencoder artificial neural network similar days Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) prosumer

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IS autoencoder TRULY APPLICABLE FOR 3D CT SUPER-RESOLUTION? 20

IS AUTOENCODER TRULY APPLICABLE FOR 3D CT SUPER-RESOLUTION?

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20th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)

作者： Luo, Weixun Xing, Xiaodan Yang, Guang Imperial Coll London Dept Bioengn London England Imperial Coll London Natl Heart & Lung Inst London England Royal Brompton Hosp Cardiovasc Res Ctr London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781665473583

Featured by a bottleneck structure, autoencoder (AE) and its variants have been largely applied in various medical image analysis tasks, such as segmentation, reconstruction and de-noising. Despite of their promising performances in afore-mentioned tasks, in this paper, we claim that AE models are not applicable to single image super-resolution (SISR) for 3D CT data. Our hypothesis is that the bottleneck architecture that resizes feature maps in AE models degrades the details of input images, thus can sabotage the performance of super-resolution. Although U-Net proposed skip connections that merge information from different levels, we claim that the degrading impact of feature resizing operations could hardly be removed by skip connections. By conducting large-scale ablation experiments and comparing the performance between models with and without the bottleneck design on a public CT lung dataset, we have discovered that AE models, including U-Net, have failed to achieve a compatible SISR result (p < 0.05 by Student's t-test) compared to the baseline model. Our work is the first comparative study investigating the suitability of AE architecture for 3D CT SISR tasks and brings a rationale for researchers to re-think the choice of model architectures especially for 3D CT SISR tasks. The full implementation and trained models can be found at: https://***/Roldbach/autoencoder-3D-CT-SISR

关键词： autoencoder super-resolution CT

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A Novel Multi-dimensional Time-series Data Anomaly Detection Model Based on Generative Adversarial Network Aided autoencoder 22

A Novel Multi-dimensional Time-series Data Anomaly Detection...

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22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)

作者： Gong, Zejun Liu, Qiang Ding, Jinliang Wang, Xiaobo Wang, Peng Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Synthet Automat Proc Ind Shenyang Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Comp Sci Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713872344

With increasing amount and easiness of access the data in industrial processes, data-driven technologies have become more prevalent in process monitoring. Anomaly detection is an indispensable part of process monitoring. However, most industrial data are closely related to time, and classical anomaly detection algorithms mostly focus on learning the features of static data, ignoring the dynamic features of industrial data. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional time-series data anomaly detection model based on generative adversarial network aided autoencoder. By extracting the features of the normal time-series data, feature representation is established in latent space. Meanwhile, we introduce generated adversarial network (GAN) into the autoencoder (AE) training to enhance the feature learning ability of the autoencoder, so that the normal time-series data can be well represented in the latent space. Gated recurrent unit (GRU) is used as the main network of the autoencoder to learn the dynamic features between different time steps in the sequence data and detect fault data through the value of the reconstruction error. We verify the validity of the proposed model in simulation data and apply it to the real anomaly detection of steel plate production. Compared with k-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, one-class support vector machine, data-enhanced method and the traditional dynamic autoencoder, the proposed method performs the best.

关键词： anomaly detection multi-dimensional time series time-series generation adversarial network autoencoder

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Lazy Node-Dropping autoencoder

Lazy Node-Dropping Autoencoder

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp)

作者： Lee, Jaewon Kim, Myung Jun Shin, Hyunjung Ajou Univ Dept Artificial Intelligence Suwon South Korea INRIA Saclay Soda Palaiseau France Ajou Univ Dept Ind Engn Dept Artificial Intelligence Suwon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475785

autoencoders are widely used for dimensionality reduction nonlinearly. However, determining the number of nodes in the autoencoder embedding space is still a challenging task. The number of nodes in the bottleneck layer, which is an encoded representation, is estimated and determined by users. Therefore, to maintain embedding performance and reduce the complexity of the model, an indicator that automatically selects the number of bottleneck nodes is needed. This study proposes a method for automatically estimating the adequate number of nodes in the bottleneck layer while training the model. The basic idea of the proposed method is to eliminate lazy nodes which rarely affect the model performance based on the weight distribution of the bottleneck layer. Since the proposed method takes place in the learning process of the autoencoder, it has the advantage of accelerating the training speed. The proposed method showed better or similar performances in classification accuracy.

关键词： Neural Networks autoencoder Dimensionality Reduction Dimension Estimation

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A Novel Hybrid Wind Speed Interval Prediction Model Using Rough Stacked autoencoder and LSTM

A Novel Hybrid Wind Speed Interval Prediction Model Using Ro...

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International Joint Conference on Rough Sets (IJCRS)

作者： Mei, Qiuyu Yu, Hong Wang, Guoyin Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Chongqing Key Lab Computat Intelligence Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Key Lab Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Secur Minist Educ Chongqing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031509582;9783031509599

Wind speed interval prediction is of great significance in power resource scheduling and planning. However, the complex and variable characteristics of wind speed make quality forecasting challenging. In this paper, a novel hybrid model, abbreviated as RSAE-LSTM, for wind speed interval prediction is proposed. The model employs a rough stacked autoencoder (RSAE) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). The RSAE initially handles uncertainties and extracts important potential features from the wind speed data. Then, the generated features are utilized as input to the LSTM network to construct the prediction intervals (PIs). Meanwhile, a new loss function is proposed for developing model to construct PIs effectively. The experimental results show that compared with the comparison methods, the proposed method could obtain high-quality PIs and achieve at least a 39% improvement in the coverage width criterion (CWC) index.

关键词： Rough set theory Prediction intervals LSTM autoencoder

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autoencoder-based composite drought indices

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2024年第7期19卷 074007页

作者： Lee, Taesam Kong, Yejin Singh, Vijay Lee, Joo-Heon Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Civil Engn 501 Jinju Daero Jinju 52828 Gyeongnam South Korea Texas A&M Univ Dept Biol & Agr Engn 321 Scoates Hall2117 TAMU College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Zachry Dept Civil & Environm Engn 321 Scoates Hall2117 TAMU College Stn TX 77843 USA UAE Univ Natl Water & Energy Ctr Al Ain U Arab Emirates Joongbu Univ Dept Civil Engn 201 Daehkak Ro Geumsan Geumsan 32713 Chungnamdo South Korea

Depending on the type, drought events are described using different indices, such as meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological. The use of different indices often causes confusion for making water-related management decisions. One simple summarized index which can describe the different aspects of drought is desired. Several methods have therefore been proposed, especially with the linear combination method which does not adequately describe drought characteristics. Meanwhile, autoencoders, nonlinear transformation in dimensional reduction, have been applied in the deep learning literature. The objective of this study, therefore, was to derive autoencoder-based composite drought indices (ACDIs). First, a basic autoencoder was directly applied as ACDI, illustrating a negative relation with the observed drought indices which was further multiplied by a negative. Also, the hyperbolic tangent function was adopted instead of the sigmoid transfer function due to its higher sensitivity to drought conditions. For better expression of drought indices, positive and unity constraints were applied for weights, denoted as ACDI-C. Further simplification was made as sACDI by excluding the decoding module since it was not necessary. All applied weights of different sites over a country can be unified into one weight, and the same weights were made for all the sites, called as sACDI1. In the context of model evaluation, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken employing metrics as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficients. The collective findings underscore the superior performance of both the sACDI and sACDI1 models over their counterparts. Notably, these simplified models manifestly diminished RMSE and MAE values, indicating their enhanced predictive capabilities. Of particular note, sACDI1 exhibited a discernibly lower MAE in comparison to alternative models. Further alarm performance metrics was conducted including the false alar

关键词： autoencoder drought index SPI composition reservoir agricultural drought

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