Presents statistical language and translation models based on collections of small finite-state machines that we call "head automata". The models are intended to capture the lexical sensitivity of N-gram mod...
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Presents statistical language and translation models based on collections of small finite-state machines that we call "head automata". The models are intended to capture the lexical sensitivity of N-gram models and direct statistical translation models, while at the same time taking account of the hierarchical phrasal structure of language. Two types of head automata are defined: relational head automata, which are suitable for translation by the transfer of dependency trees, and head transducers, which are suitable for direct recursive lexical translation.
One of the fundamental goals of parallel computing is to develop a framework that will support portable and efficient application programs. The Bulk-Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model was proposed to help achieve this g...
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One of the fundamental goals of parallel computing is to develop a framework that will support portable and efficient application programs. The Bulk-Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model was proposed to help achieve this goal. The BSP model is intended to be a "unifying model"-it addresses both software and hardware issues by allowing theoretical analysis to coexist with practical physical implementations. For several years the BSP model has been supported mainly by theoretical results. Recent experiments, however, have begun to demonstrate the practicality of the model for real architectures running real applications. The goal of this paper is to describe the methodology used to construct an efficient BSP library on the BBN Butterfly GP1000. Our results are relevant for BSP library implementations on shared-memory systems in general and for NUMA (nonuniform m-memory-access) machines in particular.
The author considers how the maturation of the software development field has been inextricably tied to its adoption of a product line orientation. Only by specializing in a particular application domain can software ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780818677250
The author considers how the maturation of the software development field has been inextricably tied to its adoption of a product line orientation. Only by specializing in a particular application domain can software development organizations develop the expertise required for that domain, develop cost effective products, and establish a market niche. He argues that software development processes are fundamentally flawed because maintenance, including enhancement and evolution, is performed on source code. This source code has been hand optimized by programmers and that optimization has spread information and built up implicit dependencies among the parts.
Functional programming style is discussed and seven simple semantic style rules, based on program transformation, are enunciated. An automatic style analyser developed from these rules is then presented.
Functional programming style is discussed and seven simple semantic style rules, based on program transformation, are enunciated. An automatic style analyser developed from these rules is then presented.
Vision programming is defined as the task of constructing explicit object models to be used in object recognition. These object models specify the features to be used in recognizing the object as well as the exact ord...
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Vision programming is defined as the task of constructing explicit object models to be used in object recognition. These object models specify the features to be used in recognizing the object as well as the exact order in which they have to be used. In this article, we describe a vision programming approach to matching 3D models to 2D images. Our system considers feature clusters instead of individual features and dynamically orders unmatched feature clusters based on the existing state of the match. The dynamic feature cluster ordering is achieved through the use of a new dynamic cost function. The automatic vision programming framework is general enough to be used by any feature-based recognition system, and in this article, it is shown to lead to dramatic improvements in the performance of a correspondence-based object recognition system.
Although there has been much interest in process modelling and automation within the software industry, there have been few independent reports of experience gained an the application of this technology to industrial ...
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Although there has been much interest in process modelling and automation within the software industry, there have been few independent reports of experience gained an the application of this technology to industrial software processes. The paper describes the experience gained modelling an extract from a large industrial software process using a commercially available tool. The purpose of the project was to assess the maturity of process modelling technology and specifically the functionality provided by the tool used. Feedback is given on programming a software process using the underlying notation of the tool, on the issues surrounding the translation from an organisation's process notation to that of a particular tool, and on process modelling and automation issues in general. The conclusions are that while benefits can be gained from an automation effort, modelling and translation between notations can be difficult.
As model-based formal methods (e.g. VDM, Z) are becoming popular for the development of safety-critical and complex systems in industry, automatic transformation from formal specifications to programs is an ideal and ...
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As model-based formal methods (e.g. VDM, Z) are becoming popular for the development of safety-critical and complex systems in industry, automatic transformation from formal specifications to programs is an ideal and efficient approach to software production. However, it is impossible in general for this transformation to be fully automatic, because the language of first order logic used for specification is not decidable. This paper uses VDM (Vienna Development Method) as an example to investigate this difficulty, and proposes an approach to address the problem. Rules for automatically transforming abstract level VDM specifications are described and further transformation at a detailed level is discussed. Finally, further work towards the construction of a rule-based software system to support the transformation from VDM specifications to programs in general is addressed.
This paper proposes an automatic selection method for key search algorithms. The methodology has been implemented in a system called KESE2. Key search algorithms are selected according to user's requirements throu...
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This paper proposes an automatic selection method for key search algorithms. The methodology has been implemented in a system called KESE2. Key search algorithms are selected according to user's requirements through conversation controlled by inferences performed upon an evaluation table. The evaluation table has values representing fitness between search algorithms and their characteristics, or properties, to the applications. The selection algorithm presented determines candidates of key search algorithms by reducing unsuitable methods step by step. The questions to be asked to the user are driven by inferences over the restricted set. The paper also proposes an assisting facility that consists of both a supporting function and a program synthesis function. Experimental results show that by using the selection algorithm, the number of questions to be asked in order to select the appropriate key search algorithm was less than half the number of questions without inferences.
The main goal of the paper is to give a formalization of the relational database schema integration process, as a part of a database schema design. We briefly describe the form type concept and the module schema desig...
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The main goal of the paper is to give a formalization of the relational database schema integration process, as a part of a database schema design. We briefly describe the form type concept and the module schema design, which are related to the integration process. Database schema of the information system is obtained by progressive pairwise integration of so called database module schemes, that are usually built by different designers. An integration process is preceded by checking of database module schemes onto mutual consistency.
Multilevel flash memories have been shown to double storage capacity without changing device dimensions. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that sixteen levels can be stored within a small 2.5 V sprea...
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Multilevel flash memories have been shown to double storage capacity without changing device dimensions. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that sixteen levels can be stored within a small 2.5 V spread, quadrupling memory size with four bits/cell. A new method is used to calculate programmed threshold voltages, V/sub t/'s, showing that transistor V/sub t/'s may overlap while logical V/sub t/'s remain distinct. A ten-year equivalent data retention bake demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for producing 64 Mbit storage capacity using existing 16 Mbit NOR stacked-gate technology.
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