The assembly plan from observation (APO) system observes a human operator perform an assembly task, analyzes the observations, models the task, and generates the programs for the robot to perform the same task. The ta...
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The assembly plan from observation (APO) system observes a human operator perform an assembly task, analyzes the observations, models the task, and generates the programs for the robot to perform the same task. The task model of the observed task is defined as a sequence of contact states of the part being assembled and the motion which causes the transition between the states. The freedom of the assembled part can be represented as a polyhedral convex cone (PCC) in screw space, which can belong to one of a finite number of distinct contact states. These contact states correspond to topologically distinct intersections of PCCs with a linear subspace T in screw space. Any observed assembly task can be represented as a finite sequence of critical contact states and the motion between them. The abstract task model is used to program the robot to execute the observed assembly task. We illustrate the application of the theory by implementing the APO system for assemblies in a plane.
The Product Attributes Database (PAD) is a new type of information system that serves as a single, network-accessible repository of all the parametric information that describes a project at any phase of implementatio...
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The Product Attributes Database (PAD) is a new type of information system that serves as a single, network-accessible repository of all the parametric information that describes a project at any phase of implementation. PAD goes beyond previous engineering databases in that it includes both a human interface and a machine interface. The machine interface allows a wide range of engineering and administrative tools to work together through the database over a network. At the low end of the range are "apparently" simple Publish and Subscribe "sheets" that can be placed into a workbook to allow the user to link spreadsheet calculations to the database. Part of the automated machine interface programming Interface (API) engineering design and analysis tools to link directly to the database over a network. The human interface is through an application called the Product Attributes Conversation Tool (PACT). PACT includes a simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows project team members to read and write to the PAD from network accessible computers. The PAD database schema was developed concurrently with a naming convention and a security system. The result is a system in which users know exactly where to look for specific design parameters and how to name new parameters that are to be added to the database.
Each refactoring implementation must check a number of conditions to guarantee behavior preservation. However, specifying and checking them are difficult. Sometimes refactoring tool developers may define overly strong...
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Each refactoring implementation must check a number of conditions to guarantee behavior preservation. However, specifying and checking them are difficult. Sometimes refactoring tool developers may define overly strong conditions that prevent useful behavior-preserving transformations to be performed. We propose an approach for identifying overly strong conditions in refactoring implementations. We automatically generate a number of programs as test inputs for refactoring implementations. Then, we apply the same refactoring to each test input using two different implementations, and compare both results. We use Safe Refactor to evaluate whether a transformation preserves behavior. We evaluated our approach in 10 kinds of refactorings for Java implemented by three tools: Eclipse and Netbeans, and the JastAdd Refactoring Tool (JRRT). In a sample of 42,774 transformations, we identified 17 and 7 kinds of overly strong conditions in Eclipse and JRRT, respectively.
The work concerns a new formalism of common-sense reasoning modeling. It combines ldquoclassicalrdquo Reiter's default logic and Brewka's cumulative default logic with Zadeh's generalized theory of uncerta...
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The work concerns a new formalism of common-sense reasoning modeling. It combines ldquoclassicalrdquo Reiter's default logic and Brewka's cumulative default logic with Zadeh's generalized theory of uncertainty and granular reasoning. Various aspects of uncertainty and ignorance are discussed with respect to intelligent humans' behavior patterns. The paper introduces basic definitions of Fuzzy Default Logic (FDL) and presents the inference scheme together with the conclusion assessment procedure and problems of hypotheses stability. PROLOG implementation of the entire inference engine is given. The problems of hypotheses generation and revision of beliefs are discussed. Finally, FDL is compared to the answer set programming and other disjunction logic based approaches.
The IEC 61499 standard enables a number solutions to the same application development problem, and this can result in components that are incompatible even though they are standards based. IEC 61499 underpins a vision...
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The IEC 61499 standard enables a number solutions to the same application development problem, and this can result in components that are incompatible even though they are standards based. IEC 61499 underpins a vision for an open object-oriented knowledge economy, so the application of component-based software development principles needs further research. Such principles are not broadly used in the industry, so our goal is to understand how industrial practice needs to be changed. What are the practices that need to be replaced before the object-oriented, component-based paradigm can be accepted? We organized an intensive course on IEC 61499, where professionals and researchers automated a process in teams. Our results show that the background of a designer has a strong impact on the choice of the problem solving approach, and that this can prevent the use of many new and progressive features in IEC 61499
Because of their complexity, modern microprocessors need new tools that generate tests for micro-architectural events. Piparazzi is a test generator, developed at IBM, that generates (architectural) test programs for ...
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Because of their complexity, modern microprocessors need new tools that generate tests for micro-architectural events. Piparazzi is a test generator, developed at IBM, that generates (architectural) test programs for microarchitectural events. Piparazzi uses a declarative model of the micro-architecture and the user's definition of the required event to create an instance of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). It then uses a dedicated CSP solver to generate a test program that covers the specific event. We show how Piparazzi yields significant improvements in covering micro-architectural events, by describing its technology and by exhibiting experimental results. Piparazzi has already been successful in finding both functional and performance bugs that could only be discovered using an exact micro-architectural model of the processor.
Our research complements the current research on automated specification-based testing by proposing a scheme that combines the setup process, test execution, and test validation into a single test program for testing ...
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Our research complements the current research on automated specification-based testing by proposing a scheme that combines the setup process, test execution, and test validation into a single test program for testing the behavior of object-oriented classes. The test program can be generated automatically given the desired test cases and closed algebraic specifications of the classes. The core of the test program generator is a partial-order planner which plans the sequence of instructions required in the test program. A first cut implementation of the planner has been presented by Leow et al. (2004) based on simple depth-first search. This paper presents a more efficient and effective heuristic search algorithm that performs reachability tests using the Omega calculator. Test results show that heuristic search with reachability tests significantly reduce the search time required to generate a valid sequence of instructions
The assembly-plan-from-observation (APO) method for robot programming is described. The APO method aims to build a system that has threefold capabilities. The method observes a human performing an assembly task, it un...
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The assembly-plan-from-observation (APO) method for robot programming is described. The APO method aims to build a system that has threefold capabilities. The method observes a human performing an assembly task, it understands the task based on this observation, and it generates a robot program to achieve the same task. Emphasis is placed on the main loop of the APO, which is task recognition. Using object recognition results, the task recognition module determines what kind of assembly task is performed. The method extends the task recognition module to handling curved objects and other mechanical contacts. Task models for these cases are defined. Two concepts are verified, i.e., that such task models are useful in recognizing assembly tasks, and that it is possible to generate robot motion commands for repeating the same assembly task.< >
This paper focuses on learning in autonomous agents under dynamic environments. Autonomous agent control has been dominated by two major Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches, Planning-based and Behavior-based. We c...
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This paper focuses on learning in autonomous agents under dynamic environments. Autonomous agent control has been dominated by two major Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches, Planning-based and Behavior-based. We concentrate on Behavior-based control. Multiple behavior modules from which a Behavior-based agent is constituted may have conflicting outputs (actions) for various input situations. It is becoming increasingly difficult to 'hard-wire' or 'pre-fix' the actions. "Learning" to select an appropriate action emerges as a strong alternative to hard-wired schemes. A Behavior-based agent is constructed for the research study. The application task chosen for the agent is to learn to navigate in a real indoor environment avoiding static and moving obstacles. The strategy is as follows: learning to avoid obstacles is to be achieved by learning to select an appropriate action in any input situation. The learning algorithm, based on reinforcement learning principles, chooses with high probability, an appropriate action based on the performance statistics (activations and reinforcements) of the conflicting behaviors. Learning experiments conducted to observe the performance of the agent were encouraging.
Branching-time logics are temporal logics that allow quantification over possible futures. Such logics have been considered very early by the automated verification community because efficient model-checking algorithm...
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Branching-time logics are temporal logics that allow quantification over possible futures. Such logics have been considered very early by the automated verification community because efficient model-checking algorithms for logics like CTL could be easily implemented and were used successfully.
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