Focuses on the impact of structured programming on achievements in software development. Expectations and achievements of structured programming; Limitations of human fallibility in software development; Features of s...
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Focuses on the impact of structured programming on achievements in software development. Expectations and achievements of structured programming; Limitations of human fallibility in software development; Features of structured programming. INSET: Introducing the fundamental concepts series..
This paper describes an interactive programming environment within which proposed changes to a program are monitored to ensure that they do not introduce various common types of logical inconsistency. The environment,...
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This paper describes an interactive programming environment within which proposed changes to a program are monitored to ensure that they do not introduce various common types of logical inconsistency. The environment, which is provided by a network of concurrent ‘experts’ dealing with various aspects of the program being developed, is designed to be convenient to work in and to impose few constraints on the programmer.
Experiences of WTEV, Providence, in setting up its operation for all-day programming using the Visual 6000 Automation System in conjunction with an IBM 26 Prestorage System are presented. Included are the necessary st...
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Experiences of WTEV, Providence, in setting up its operation for all-day programming using the Visual 6000 Automation System in conjunction with an IBM 26 Prestorage System are presented. Included are the necessary steps taken to meet the demands of the machine, i.e., design of log, film, video and audio tape timing, transitions and timing of cartridge tapes.
This paper presents a new approach to obtain automatic and accurate control of the threshold voltage of floating-gate MOSFET's programmable by means of tunneling current. The proposed method avoids using a series ...
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This paper presents a new approach to obtain automatic and accurate control of the threshold voltage of floating-gate MOSFET's programmable by means of tunneling current. The proposed method avoids using a series of partial write/erase operations followed by measurements and adjustment steps, thus achieving a significant advantage in terms of programming time for the same accuracy. The simplicity of the proposed method and its inherent speed make it ideal in a wide range of possible applications.
The six articles in this special section are devoted to IEC standards and their applications in industrial electronics as well as emerging trends in the industry.
The six articles in this special section are devoted to IEC standards and their applications in industrial electronics as well as emerging trends in the industry.
Currently, it is estimated that the professional programmer population is over 3 million and that the average production rate for each is approximately 2,000 lines of code per year. A great deal of the source code be...
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Currently, it is estimated that the professional programmer population is over 3 million and that the average production rate for each is approximately 2,000 lines of code per year. A great deal of the source code being produced by these programmers is common, generic, and focused on putting applications into computers. While in the 1950s, 100% of programming was devoted to new applications, it is expected that, by 1990, only 25% will be unique and for applications that have not been previously automated. The changing base of commercial programming requires: 1. the standardization of functions, 2. the reuse of common systems and modules, and 3. the development of tools to support reusability. The state of the art in reusable programming is assessed, including: 1. reusable data, 2. reusable architecture, 3. reusable design, 4. reusable programs and common systems, and 5. reusable modules. It is concluded that the creation of standard reusable modules will be dependent on further advances in data reusability and reusable architecture and design.
This paper explores the use of randomization as a primitive action in the solution of robot tasks. An example of randomization is the strategy of shaking a bin containing a part in order to orient the part in a desire...
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This paper explores the use of randomization as a primitive action in the solution of robot tasks. An example of randomization is the strategy of shaking a bin containing a part in order to orient the part in a desired stable state with some high probability. Further examples include tapping, vibrating, twirling, and random search. For instance, it is sometimes beneficial for a system to execute random motions purposefully when the precise motions required to perform an operation are unknown, as when they lie below the available sensor resolution. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework for the planning and execution of randomized strategies for robot tasks. This framework is built on the standard backchaining approach of dynamic programming. Specifically, a randomizing planner backchains from the goal in a state space whose states describe the knowledge available to the system at run-time. By choosing random actions in a principled manner at run-time, a system can sometimes obtain a probabilistic strategy for accomplishing a task even when no guaranteed strategy exists for accomplishing that task. In other cases, the system may be able to obtain a speedup over an existing guaranteed strategy. The main result of this paper consists of two examples. One example shows that randomization can sometimes speed up task completion from exponential time to polynomial time. The other example shows that such a speedup is not always possible.
The development of Virtual Instruments (VIs) brings a great revolution to the fields of automated test and measurement. It accelerates the integration of measurement systems and promotes instrument standardization, mo...
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The development of Virtual Instruments (VIs) brings a great revolution to the fields of automated test and measurement. It accelerates the integration of measurement systems and promotes instrument standardization, modularization, and generalization. Graphical programming platform for automated test is one of the most important applications for virtual instrument technology, and it provides users with an intuitive and friendly programming environment. Visual Component Library (VCL) is the key part of such graphical programming platforms. The research reported in this paper makes full use of the advantages of object orientation methodology to develop the visual VI components for a graphical programming platform. By setting up two base classes for all the VI components, various VIs can be efficiently developed.
The EDSAC computer was completed at Cambridge University, England, in May 1949. By early 1950 a programming system had been set up and the EDSAC began to attract a number of regular users. This article describes the d...
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The EDSAC computer was completed at Cambridge University, England, in May 1949. By early 1950 a programming system had been set up and the EDSAC began to attract a number of regular users. This article describes the development of the programming system between the first operation of the machine in May 1949 and the end of that year. Subsequent programming developments in 1950-1952 are also described. The paper concludes with an assessment of this programming activity.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to identify all the feasible disassembly sequences for a multi-component product and to find an optimal disassembly sequence, according to specific criteri...
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to identify all the feasible disassembly sequences for a multi-component product and to find an optimal disassembly sequence, according to specific criteria such as cost, duration, profit, etc. Design/methodology/approach - Taking into account topological and geometrical constraints of a product structure, an AND/OR disassembly graph is built. Each graph node represents a feasible subassembly. Two nodes i and j are connected by an arc (i, j), called a transition, if the subassembly j can be obtained from the subassembly i by removing one or several connectors. Constraint programming approach is used to generate the feasible subassemblies and related transitions. Findings - If a cost z(ij) is incurred to perform a transition (i, j), an optimal disassembly sequence can be generated for a given subassembly, using the shortest path algorithm or a linear programming model. Research limitations/implications - The proposed approach performs very well compared to other approaches published in the literature, even when applied to products requiring parallel disassembly and including a large number of parts. Practical implications - This approach has been successfully applied to assess the wheelchair maintainability at the design stage and will be implemented in CAD systems. One other application, regarding the disassembly process and total revenue maximization for product recycling, is now under consideration. Originality/value - Applying constraint programming to efficiently generate the set of the feasible subassemblies constitutes the main contribution in this paper. This process is the hardest step in the disassembly sequencing problem.
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