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Domain-specific Semantics and Data Refinement of Object Models

ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2008年第C期195卷 151-170页

作者： Davies, Jim Faitelson, David Welch, James Oxford Univ Comp Lab Wolfson BldgPk Rd Oxford OX1 3QD England

This paper shows how a domain-specific semantics for object models can be used to support the development of transformations that reflect a particular implementation strategy. The semantics captures model constraints and domain assumptions in terms of abstract data types, and a transformation is correct if and only if it corresponds to a data refinement. The transformations represent development steps, involving the completion of method descriptions, and validity checks, addressing issues of definedness and consistency. The paper shows how compositions of transformations may be used for the automatic generation of working systems from formal, object-oriented designs.

关键词： formal methods object modelling data refinement automatic programming model-driven development Z notation

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Multiparadigm modeling in embedded systems design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 2004年第2期12卷 279-292页

作者： Müller-Glaser, KD Frick, G Sax, E Kühl, M Univ Karlsruhe Inst Informat Proc Technol D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany FZI Forschungszentrum Informat Dept Electron Syst & Microsyst D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany IMH GMBH MBtech Grp D-71063 Sindelfingen Germany

Embedded electronic systems for monitoring and control of technical processes (electronic control unit-ECU) are systems comprised of heterogeneous components (hardware, software, sensors, actuators, power electronics), thus making high demands on their development. Describing different aspects and views of the whole system, subsystem, or component requires according modeling paradigms for requirements specification, design, hardware implementation, software code generation, verification, integration, and testing. The first part of the paper surveys characteristic ECU features and describes a design strategy and the related technology, bringing out the necessity of multiparadigm modeling. Examples from automotive ECU applications are used throughout the paper. With respect to the problem that currently available tools provide insufficient support, integration strategies for multiparadigm modeling based on multiple tools are surveyed in the second part, concluding with examples from our own research activities.

关键词： automatic programming code generation code integration embedded systems executable specificationsg model-based design model integration modeling multiparadigm modeling software requirements and specification tool integration

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UNDERSTANDING AND AUTOMATING ALGORITHM DESIGN

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1985年第11期11卷 1361-1374页

作者： KANT, E Schlumberger-Doll Res. Ridgefield CT 06877 USA

Algorithm design is a challenging intellectual activity that offers a fertile source of observation and a test domain for a theory of problem-solving behavior. The algorithm design problem of finding the convex hull is presented, and questions to be addressed for a theory of the design process are identified. A theory of the algorithm design process based on observations of human design is described, and a framework for automatic design is outlined. The adaptation of the theory of human design to a framework for automation in the DESIGNER system, which is a project with the goal of creating an automatic design system that can apply existing design principles and show some creativity as well, facilitates understanding of human design, and the implementation process helps validate the framework. The problem spaces used for design, the loci of knowledge and problem-solving power, and the relationship to other methods of algorithm design and to automatic programming in general are discussed.

关键词： Protocol Analysis automatic programming Automating Algorithm Design Human Problem Solving Program Synthesis

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automatic-GENERATION OF 2-AXIS LASER-CUTTER NC MACHINE PROGRAM AND PATH PLANNING FROM CAD

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COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY 1993年第2期21卷 223-231页

作者： JACKSON, SD MITTAL, RO N CAROLINA STATE UNIV INST INTEGRATED MFG SYST ENGNRALEIGHNC 27695 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT IND ENGNRALEIGHNC 27695

A cutter path planning algorithm is developed as part of a procedure for the automatic generation of NC machine programs beginning with a part description within a CAD system. This procedure is implemented in the form of a simple and functional CAD to 2-axis numerical control programming interface. The method begins by extracting entity information from a machine-independent geometry data file and creates a tool path with the proper sequence and directions of cut for internal and external part contours. A generic NC program is created which acts as an input file to a postprocessor creating G-Code output for specific machine controls. In this paper, a laser-cutting machine is used as a test bed for the programs generated by this procedure.

关键词： NUMERICAL CONTROL PATH PLANNING automatic programming CAD-CAM INTEGRATION FLAME-CUTTING LASER-CUTTING

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On the possibilities of (pseudo-) software cloning from external interactions

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SOFT COMPUTING 2008年第1期12卷 29-49页

作者： Reformat, Marek Chai, Xinwei Miller, James Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Software Technol Engn & Measurement Res Ctr Edmonton AB T6G 2G7 Canada

This paper discusses some initial investigations into the application of genetic programming technology as a vehicle for re-examining some existing approaches within the software life-cycle. Specifically, it outlines a new direction in production techniques-software cloning from executable specifications or source code. It explores the possibility and advantages of producing a system from its external interactions. To allow this production to be automatic, the system assumes that it can view (and potentially manipulate) these external interactions of the original system;and hence it assumes the existence of either an executable specification or the source code-an object to assist in the generation of the external interactions;i.e. the system is treated as a black-box. Although the generation and application of software clones is relatively unexplored, it is believed that this is a fundamental technology that can have many different applications within a software engineering environment. For example, software clones could be used in: complexity measurement, software testing and software fault tolerance. Clearly, for these clones to be usable, their production needs to be automated. An interesting approach to this automatic production or generation problem is the application of evolutionary-based Genetic programming (GP). Using the paradigms of best fit, selection, crossover and mutation, a number of clones, satisfying specific requirements, can be automatically generated. In general, GP is a flexible and powerful algorithm suitable for solving a variety of different problems. This paper presents the results of studies that have been conducted in order to answer questions related to feasibility of using GP for clone generation: what features of GP are important? What works and what does not? How can the GP be "tuned" for the problem? The results have been used to draw a set of suggestions and conclusions that indicate possible usability of GP-based approach to automat

关键词： software cloning automatic programming genetic programming complexity testing software mutants fault tolerance

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Code Generation Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 82434-82455页

作者： Dehaerne, Enrique Dey, Bappaditya Halder, Sandip De Gendt, Stefan Meert, Wannes Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Comp Sci B-3001 Leuven Belgium Interuniv Microelect Ctr IMEC B-3001 Leuven Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Chem B-3001 Leuven Belgium

Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have been used to create powerful language models for a broad range of natural language processing tasks. An important subset of this field is that of generating code of programming languages for automatic software development. This review provides a broad and detailed overview of studies for code generation using ML. We selected 37 publications indexed in arXiv and IEEE Xplore databases that train ML models on programming language data to generate code. The three paradigms of code generation we identified in these studies are description-to-code, code-to-description, and code-to-code. The most popular applications that work in these paradigms were found to be code generation from natural language descriptions, documentation generation, and automatic program repair, respectively. The most frequently used ML models in these studies include recurrent neural networks, transformers, and convolutional neural networks. Other neural network architectures, as well as non-neural techniques, were also observed. In this review, we have summarized the applications, models, datasets, results, limitations, and future work of 37 publications. Additionally, we include discussions on topics general to the literature reviewed. This includes comparing different model types, comparing tokenizers, the volume and quality of data used, and methods for evaluating synthesized code. Furthermore, we provide three suggestions for future work for code generation using ML.

关键词： Codes Databases Software Machine learning Recurrent neural networks Documentation Task analysis automatic programming computer languages data collection machine learning natural language processing neural networks recurrent neural networks software debugging software maintenance text mining

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On Completeness of Cost Metrics and Meta-Search Algorithms in $-Calculus

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FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE 2022年第2期188卷 63-90页

作者： Eberbach, Eugene Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Engn & Sci Hartford CT 06120 USA

In the paper we define three new complexity classes for Turing Machine undecidable problems inspired by the famous Cook/Levin's NP-complete complexity class for intractable problems. These are U-complete (Universal complete), D-complete (Diagonalization complete) and H-complete (Hypercomputation complete) classes. In the paper, in the spirit of Cook/Levin/Karp, we started the population process of these new classes assigning several undecidable problems to them. We justify that some super-Turing models of computation, i.e., models going beyond Turing machines, are tremendously expressive and they allow to accept arbitrary languages over a given alphabet including those undecidable ones. We prove also that one of such super-Turing models of computation - the $-Calculus, designed as a tool for automatic problem solving and automatic programming, has also such tremendous expressiveness. We investigate also completeness of cost metrics and meta-search algorithms in $-calculus.

关键词： automatic problem solving automatic programming undecidability intractablity recursive algorithms recursively enumerable but not recursive algorithms non-recursively enumerable algorithms super-Turing computation super-recursive algorithms p-decidability e-decidability a-decidability i-decidability reduction techniques U-completeness D-completeness H-completeness $-calculus cost metrics completeness meta-search algorithms completeness

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Intelligent diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome

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IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 2004年第2期23卷 72-81页

作者： Cabrero-Canosa, M Hernandez-Pereira, E Moret-Bonillo, V Department of Computer Science University of A Coruña Spain.

An effective diagnosis of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is based on a contextual analysis of the patient's polysomnograph, consisting of simultaneously recording electrophysiological and pneumological signals during a night's sleep. Currently, the prevalence of this disorder has caused an increase in the demand for specialist clinical assistance and sleep units. As in other areas of medicine, the volume of clinical data that has to be processed is enormous, which justifies the construction of computerized decisionmaking tools that partially automate these routine tasks. Our system, SAMOA, belongs to this category of help tools, being an automatic SAS diagnostic system that incorporates both conventional programming and artificial intelligence techniques. This article describes the most important aspects of the temporal data management in the different analysis processes and the final correlation of all the symbolic information generated by the different cooperative modules.

关键词： Sleep apnea Medical diagnostic imaging Synthetic aperture sonar Artificial intelligence Data analysis Biomedical measurements Time measurement Signal analysis automatic programming Information analysis

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CONTROL OF LARGE DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS - CONSTRUCTIVE ALGORITHMS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON automatic CONTROL 1989年第11期34卷 1164-1168页

作者： TADMOR, G MAIMON, O TEL AVIV UNIV DEPT IND ENGNIL-69978 TEL AVIVISRAEL

An automata-based theory has been developed by W.M. Wonham and P.J. Ramadge (SMIA J. Control Optimiz. vol.25, p.206-30, 637-59, 1987) and their associates. Its practical implementation in large real-life systems requires automatic programming schemes, which yield supervisory control programs, and models of the controlled system's behavior (for the purpose of performance analysis). The available data for these constructions would normally consist of a set of local structural models and local operational requirements. In the present study, the authors illuminate the relationship between local and global models and outline some of the basic elements of such schemes based on integration of local data.< >

关键词： Control systems Discrete event systems automatic control Automata Control system synthesis Formal languages Manufacturing automation Writing Assembly automatic programming

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automatic FUNCTIONS IN CARDIAC PACING - OPTIMIZATION OF DEVICE AND PATIENT THERAPY

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IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 1990年第2期9卷 28-31页

作者： CALLAGHAN, FJ Telectronics Pacing Systems Inc.

An overview of advances is presented. The focus is on automatic functions that have been developed to monitor the patient continuously and readjust the postventricular atrial refractory period, the atrioventricular (AV) delay, the ventricular refractory period, and the pacemaker stimulus intensity. The advent of automatic algorithms for the postventricular atrial refractory period may have broadened considerably the clinical application of dual chamber pacemakers. automatic adjustment of the ventricular refractory period has been demonstrated in an implantable pacemaker and may eliminate the rhythm disturbance associated with inappropriate T-wave sensing. automatic adjustment of the AV delay has been implemented, and there is evidence suggesting that improved hemodynamics may result. automatic output regulation has emerged in an implantable pacemaker and promises to increase device longevity while providing important patient safety benefits.< >

关键词： Medical treatment Pacemakers Pathology Explosives automatic programming Patient monitoring Computerized monitoring Delay Histograms Heart rate variability

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