An improved sweep-frequency ionosphere recorder was needed to carry out the expanded program of observation planned for the IGY. The resulting equipment included improvements in output power, receiver sensitivity, pur...
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An improved sweep-frequency ionosphere recorder was needed to carry out the expanded program of observation planned for the IGY. The resulting equipment included improvements in output power, receiver sensitivity, purity of output signal, and other details, over earlier equipments. The basic principles of operation are described and the transceiver-type of circuitry explained. The operating characteristics are: frequency range, 1-25 mc; output power, 10-30 kw peak pulse power; pulse length, 50 μsec; repetition rate, variable from 10-70 pulses per second. An elaborate control and programming system is provided which can be used to operate the equipment on an unattended automatic basis. The "virtual height" of the ionospheric layers, as a function of frequency, is recorded on photographic film by two cameras-a 35-mm uniformlymoving-film unit, and a frame-by-frame 16-mm camera, which produces time-lapse motion pictures of the changes which occur. A brief history of the development of the sweep-frequency recorder technique is given.
The difficulty of writing computer programs can be lessened if the computer is provided with some kind of reasoning enabling it to decompose high-level descriptions of programs into a combination of simple description...
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The difficulty of writing computer programs can be lessened if the computer is provided with some kind of reasoning enabling it to decompose high-level descriptions of programs into a combination of simple descriptions until statements of a target programming language are elicited. In this research, automatic programming is approached through Artificial Intelligence techniques. An attempt is made to explore the intellectual abilities necessary to express any kind of problem through a structure of simple actions, an approach which is different from implementing special very high-level languages. A set of transformation rules is defined to expand the description of a problem at different levels. The last level corresponds to the target programming language, in this case FORTRAN. The system is given a very high-level description of the problem, as well as the conditions on data. The synthesizer operates according to the production rules approach, employing special rules to make transformations on programs and to dispose of all the constructs that a FORTRAN compiler cannot handle.
Most optimizing compilers make relatively local syntactic transformations to increase efficiency. The transformations are always made without checking whether, in the particular program or for the particular data inpu...
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Most optimizing compilers make relatively local syntactic transformations to increase efficiency. The transformations are always made without checking whether, in the particular program or for the particular data input characteristics, they actually produce the most efficient code. Traditional optimizing compilers cannot make major global improvements such as changing an algorithm. An alternative approach to optimization is presented in a program synthesis paradigm called PSI/SYN. PSI/SYN works from a high-level specification language, producing a partially refined description that, in turn, gives rise to a number of alternative implementations. Analysis knowledge is applied to the alternatives, eventually extracting cost estimates for each. Such analyses lead to the selection of efficient code. Illustration.
The high-speed duplication of previously recorded magnetic tapes has made the tape radio network practical. For example, each of the two major radio networks in Mexico duplicates over 19,000 seven-inch reels of taped ...
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The high-speed duplication of previously recorded magnetic tapes has made the tape radio network practical. For example, each of the two major radio networks in Mexico duplicates over 19,000 seven-inch reels of taped programs per month for their several hundred affiliated stations. Since the tapes are erasable and wire program circuits are seldom used, these networks operate very economically, and the quality of their recorded programs is unimpaired by losses in transmission. Likewise, the adoption of automatic programming Systems for radio broadcasting will create a demand for syndicated magnetic tape programs and tape libraries. High-speed magnetic tape duplicators are also utilized for the mass production of tape recordings for entertainment, education, churches, libraries for the blind, reviews of professional publications, and sales information for large field sales organizations. The Ampex Model S-3200 tape duplicator with ten slaves will produce up to ten copies at one time of 15, 7\frac{1}{2} , or 3\frac{3}{4} ips master recordings at 60 ips. The copies can be recorded to be reproduced either at the speed of the master or at half speed; i.e., 3\frac{3}{4} ips copies from a 7\frac{1}{2} ips master. The duplicates may be either half-track, double-track, full-track, or two-track stereophonic. Comparisons are made of the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio, frequency response, and distortion with respect to the number of generations of the duplicates. With optimum adjustment of the equipment, it is very difficult to identify the fourth generation copy from the master recording.
The cost of bespoke software to improve an organisation’s efficiency can be hefty, even negate the savings they are intended to make. There is another way that can be cheaper, quicker and provide a better end solutio...
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The cost of bespoke software to improve an organisation’s efficiency can be hefty, even negate the savings they are intended to make. There is another way that can be cheaper, quicker and provide a better end solution. MURATA POWER Systems designs and makes electrical power elements through its nine engineering design centres and four manufacturing sites in China, the US and UK.
SETL is a set-theoretically oriented language of very high level whose repertoire of semantic objects includes finite sets, ordered n-tuples, and sets of ordered n-tuples usable as mappings. This paper describes the s...
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SETL is a set-theoretically oriented language of very high level whose repertoire of semantic objects includes finite sets, ordered n-tuples, and sets of ordered n-tuples usable as mappings. This paper describes the structure of an optimizer for this language. Among other methods of interest, the optimizer uses techniques which allow relations of inclusion and membership to be established, the domains and ranges of (tabulated) mappings to be estimated from above and below, and the single-valuedness of (tabulated) mappings to be proved. Once facts of this kind have been established, automatic choice of data structures becomes possible. The methods employed are based upon, and extend, known techniques of data flow analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
In this paper we describe a complex information processing system, which we call the logic theory machine, that is capable of discovering proofs for theorems in symbolic logic. This system, in contrast to the systemat...
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In this paper we describe a complex information processing system, which we call the logic theory machine, that is capable of discovering proofs for theorems in symbolic logic. This system, in contrast to the systematic algorithms that are ordinarily employed in computation, relies heavily on heuristic methods similar to those that have been observed in . human problem solving activity. The specification is written in a formal language, of the nature of a pseudo-code, that is suitable for coding for digital computers. However, the present paper is concerned exclusively with specification of the system, and not with its realization in a computer. The logic theory machine is part of a program of research to understand complex information processing systems by specifying and synthesizing a substantial variety of such systems for empirical study.
Experience in the area of combinatorial computing acquired by the Maniac group at Los Alamos has motivated language development in this direction. Features incorporated into the MADCAP language to aid in programming c...
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Experience in the area of combinatorial computing acquired by the Maniac group at Los Alamos has motivated language development in this direction. Features incorporated into the MADCAP language to aid in programming combinatorial calculations include notation for set synthesis and analysis, notation for variably nested iterations (backtracking) and notation for complex conditional statements. The paper also examines the relationship of such combinatorial language design to machine design. Prominent in this discussion are the bit manipulation (shifting, counting and searching) facilities of Maniac II.
This paper discusses an approach called Draco to the construction of software systems from reusable software parts. In particular we are concerned with the reuse of analysis and design information in addition to progr...
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This paper discusses an approach called Draco to the construction of software systems from reusable software parts. In particular we are concerned with the reuse of analysis and design information in addition to programming language code. The goal of the work on Draco has been to increase the productivity of software specialists in the construction of similar systems. The particular approach we have taken is to organize reusable software components by problem area or domain. Statements of programs in these specialized domains are then optimized by source-to-source program transformations and refined into other domains. The problems of maintaining the representational consistency of the developing program and producing efficient practical programs are discussed. Some examples from a prototype system are also given.
The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) by the armed forces, both in the US and abroad. More recently, many researchers in the academic community have realize...
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The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) by the armed forces, both in the US and abroad. More recently, many researchers in the academic community have realized the usefulness of UAVs both as teaching and research tools. To develop UAVs and their flight control systems, a number of engineering problems must be addressed covering a wide range of issues that include weight and energy restrictions, portability, risk factors, electronic interferences, vibrations and manpower. Furthermore, the testing of new algorithms, sensor packages, and vehicles is a truly multidisciplinary effort that borrows from many branches of the engineering sciences that include aeronautic, electrical, and computer engineering. The process is costly and time consuming, and has the potential for catastrophic failure. When successfully completed, however, it provides developmental information, insight, and field data that cannot be obtained from other sources-thus the importance to develop systems to enable rapid flight testing of new theoretical/practical concepts. Motivated by these considerations, and as a contribution towards the development of a versatile set-up for advanced UAV system design and testing, the Naval Postgraduate School has recently completed development of a rapid flight test prototyping system (RFTPS) for a prototype UAV named Frog. This paper describes the complete RFTPS system that uses the Frog UAV and a portable ground station, and explains how it is being used as a rapid proof-of-concept tool for testing new guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for air vehicles. The paper starts with a general discussion of thr Rapid Flight Test Prototyping System (RFTPS) including the main motivation behind its development as well as the system capabilities, cost and safety requirements, and hardware description. The second part focuses on the modeling of the Frog UAV and describes briefly a novel integrated guidance an
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