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Influence of oceanic turbulence in slant path on average bit error rate for spatiotemporal light wave

PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2025年第6期100卷 065503-065503页

作者： Li, Ye Chen, Changsong Qi, Jiachen Dai, Xiaochen Jiang, Haolin Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Analytical expression of temporal scintillation index of the high-order Bessel-Gaussian pulsed beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in slant path of oceanic turbulence is first derived. Based on the temporal scintillation index and average signal detection power of high-order Bessel-Gaussian pulsed beam with OAM states, the average bit error rate model with spatiotemporal characteristic in slant path of oceanic turbulence is developed. We study the influence of oceanic turbulence in slant path on temporal scintillation index and average bit error rate with spatiotemporal characteristics. Our research results reveal that the high-order Bessel-Gaussian pulsed beam with a large initial half-pulse width propagates through a small zenith angle path of oceanic turbulence with small inner scale and ratio of temperature and salinity contributions to the refractive-index spectrum, which induces a weak temporal scintillation index and small average bit error rate. The values of temporal scintillation index and average bit error rate of the high-order Bessel-Gaussian pulsed beam at the mean arrival time reach the minimum value. In addition, the high-order Bessel-Gaussian pulsed beam with small beam wavelength and OAM quantum number propagating through oceanic turbulence of small outer scale and strong wind speed causes a small average bit error rate.

关键词： average bit error rate oceanic turbulence slant path orbital angular momentum optical pulse vortex beam

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On the Relationships Between average Channel Capacity, average bit error rate, Outage Probability, and Outage Capacity Over Additive White Gaussian Noise Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第5期68卷 2763-2776页

作者： Yilmaz, Ferkan Yildiz Tech Univ Dept Comp Engn Fac Elect & Elect Davutpasa Campus TR-34220 Istanbul Turkey

In the theory of wireless communications, average performance measures (APMs) are widely utilized to quantify the performance gains/impairments in various fading environments under various scenarios, and to comprehend how the factors arising from design/implementation affect system performance. To the best of our knowledge, it has not been yet discovered in the literature how these APMs relate to each other. In this article, to supplement the APM analyses available in the literature we propose that one APM can be calculated using the other APMs instead of using the end-to-end SNR distribution. Particularly, using the Lamperti's transformation (LT), we propose a tractable approach, which we call LT-based APM analysis, to identify a relationship between any two given APMs such that it is irrespective of SNR distribution. Thereby, we introduce some novel relationships among average channel capacity (ACC), average bit error rate (ABER) and outage probability/capacity (OP/OC) performances, and accordingly present how to obtain ACC from ABER performance and how to obtain OP/OC from ACC performance in fading environments. We demonstrate that the ACC of any communications system can be evaluated empirically without using end-to-end SNR distribution. We consider some numerical examples and simulations to validate our newly derived relationships.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Channel capacity bit error rate Probability Power system reliability Wireless communication average bit error rate average channel capacity generalized fading channels moment-generating function outage capacity outage probability relationships between average performance metrics

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Impact of temperature gradients on average bit error rate performance of low-density parity-check-coded multihop underwater wireless optical communication systems over the generalized gamma distribution

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020年第1期59卷

作者： Chen, Wenwen Wang, Ping Wang, Wei Pang, Weina Li, Ang Guo, Lixin Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn Xian Peoples R China

The impact of temperature gradients on the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems is investigated over the generalized gamma fading channels. The effects of absorption and scattering are also taken into account in our computation on the basis of the Monte Carlo (MC) ray-tracing method. The decoded-and-forward multihop communication is applied to extend the viable communication range of UWOC systems. In particular, using the generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule, the ABER analytical expressions of the multihop UWOC system with binary phase shift keying and multiple phase shift keying modulation schemes are mathematically derived under weak temperature-induced oceanic turbulence condition, respectively, which are also confirmed by MC simulation. In addition, LDPC codes are adopted to improve the UWOC system performance. The results reveal that the ABER performance of this multihop UWOC system degrades with increasing temperature gradients, hop numbers, and modulation orders, while it can be significantly enhanced by LDPC codes and the coding gains increase with the increase of temperature gradients and hop numbers. Our work will benefit the design and development of UWOC system. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： average bit error rate generalized gamma distribution multihop low-density parity-check codes underwater wireless optical communication

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The novel approach to the closed-form average bit error rate calculation for the Nakagami-m fading channel

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2022年 127卷

作者： Gvozdarev, Aleksey S. PG Demidov Yaroslavl State Univ Yaroslavl 150003 Russia

The research presents a procedure of the closed-form average bit error rate evaluation for wireless communication systems in the presence of multipath fading. A generalization of the classical moment generating function is applied, and a connection between the Hankel-type contour-integral representation of the Marcum Q-function and Gauss Q-function is obtained and applied to the analytic derivation of the quadrature amplitude modulated signal average bit error rate in the presence of Nakagami-m fading. The correctness of the obtained solution was verified, and its computational efficiency (in terms of accuracy and time gain), compared with the prevailing approximation, was demonstrated. The proposed methodology can be extended to a wide variety of composite channels. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Gaussian Q-function Contour integral Closed-form average bit error rate Nakagami-m Multipath fading channel

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Scintillation and bit error rate analysis of zero-order Bessel-Gauss beams in atmospheric turbulence based on the extended Rytov theory

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第4期63卷

作者： Shishter, Yousef M. Ali, Falah H. Young, Rupert C. Univ Sussex Sch Engn & Informat Dept Engn & Design Brighton East Sussex England Kuwait Univ Elect Engn Dept Kuwait Kuwait Univ Sussex Sch Engn & Informat Dept Engn & Design Brighton East Sussex England

Free space diffraction causes the spreading of the received energy at the receiver and thus reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. Bessel-Gauss (BG) beams are considered physically realizable beams, which are robust to free space diffraction over finite propagation distances. Non-diffraction beams have proved useful in many applications, such as optical wireless communications (OWC) and non-linear optics. However, in turbulence BG-beams do suffer from turbulence-induced diffraction. The extended Huygens-Fresnel principle is the main tool of analysis under the effect of strong turbulence. However, the extended Rytov theory (ERT) method provides expressions for the small- and large-scale turbulence-induced signal fluctuations and hence is particularly suitable for statistical channel modeling. In this work, application of the ERT to BG-beams propagating through turbulence is carried out. Closed-form expressions for the induced on-axis small- and large-scale log-irradiance variances are derived. The resultant index of scintillation is analyzed. Then, the error performance of OWC is investigated for BG-beams combined with intensity modulation, M-ary phase shift keying, polarization shift keying, and single-input-multiple-output systems. Significant performance gains are reported compared to Gaussian beams.

关键词： Bessel-Gauss beam optical scintillation extended Rytov theory average bit error rate

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Performance Analysis in Terms of bit error rate Over Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) Fading Channels

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第2期118卷 889-899页

作者： Devi, Laishram Mona Singh, Aheibam Dinamani North Eastern Reg Inst Sci & Technol Dept ECE Nirjuli 791109 Arunachal Prade India Natl Inst Technol Dept ECE Imphal 795004 Manipur India

The fluctuating two-ray (FTR) channel is currently taken as a suitable small-scale fading model for fifth-generation millimeter-wave communications. This paper analyzes the performance in terms of the average bit error rate (ABER). The expressions of ABER of coherent and non-coherent modulation are evaluated using probability density function over FTR fading channels. Moreover, the behaviors of each modulation schemes are also studied based on the fading parameters. A comparison of the modulation schemes is also presented over FTR fading channels. The evaluated expressions are then verified with expected outcomes and Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： average bit error rate FTR fading Millimeter-wave Modulation 5G

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Performance of Cooperative Spatial Modulation with AF Protocol in Wireless Relay Network

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2019年第1期28卷 143-151页

作者： YU Xiangbin PAN Qing WANG Cheng College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University

By combing Spatial modulation(SM) with the Amplify-and-forward(AF) cooperative communication, a cooperative SM scheme with AF(AF-SM) protocol is presented, and the corresponding bit error rate(BER)performance is investigated. Based on the performance analysis, the error probability of antenna index estimation(Pa) and the error probability of symbol estimation(Pd),which constitutes the overall average BER, are derived,respectively. As a result, tightly approximate closedform expressions of Paand Pdare attained, *** these expressions, the closed-form overall average BER is achieved. During the analysis, the computational complexity of AF-SM detector is also provided in terms of the complex addition and multiplication ***, the asymptotic BER at high SNR and the corresponding diversity gain are further derived, and the resultant diversity gain of Nr+ 1 is obtained for the system with Nrreceive antennas. Simulation results show that our theoretical analysis is valid, and provides good performance evaluation method for cooperative SM system. Moreover, the BER performance can be effectively improved as Nrincreases due to higher diversity gain.

关键词： Spatial modulation(SM) Cooperative communication Amplify and forward protocol Diversity gain average bit error rate

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Maximal ratio combining in independent identically distributed N*Nakagami fading channels

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2011年第3期5卷 320-326页

作者： Shankar, P. M. Drexel Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Short-term fading in wireless systems can be described using a cascaded approach permitting the modelling of severely faded channels. A maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity is implemented to study the performance improvement in such channels. While the probability density function (pdf) of the signal-to-noise ratio of the independent and identically distributed N*Nakagami cascade channels is available in terms of Meijer's G functions, the pdf of the MRC output is not available. Because of this, the moment generating function of the MRC output is used to estimate the average bit error rates. The characteristic function is used to obtain the cumulative distribution (CDF) of the MRC output by applying the Gil-Pelaez approximation. The outage probabilities were then estimated using the CDF. Results showed that the wireless system performance improved with diversity even though the level of improvement declined as the number of cascaded components N increased. The analysis also suggests that additional mitigation such as combining signals from multiple base stations (macrodiversity) might be necessary to significantly improve the performances of cascaded channels.

关键词： moment generating function signal-to-noise ratio error statistics distributed N-Nakagami cascade channel probability cumulative distribution Gil-Pelaez approximation diversity reception Meijer G function Nakagami channels channel performance improvement distributed N-Nakagami fading channel short-term fading MRC output maximal ratio combining diversity probability density function average bit error rate Radio links and equipment outage probability wireless system performance Other topics in statistics

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Coherent-Circular Polarized Shift Keying Modulation Analysis over Malaga Distribution and (sic) Distribution with Pointing errors in Free Space Optical Communication

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OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2023年第13期55卷 1-19页

作者： Saw, Bipin K. Janyani, Vijay Singh, Ghanshyam Malaviya Natl Inst Technol Dept ECE Jaipur India

In this paper, a proposed circular polarized shift keying (CPolSK) is analyzed for free space optical (FSO) communication system under distribution channel model and Malaga (M) distribution channel model. The proposed CPolSK FSO system contains two feedback paths at the receiver section, in which one for correcting the polarization error in the polarization controller and the other for correcting the slow frequency fluctuations in the local oscillator (LO). Also, two 900 optical hybrids are used for mixing the incoming polarized signal and the polarized LO signal. average BER (ABER) expressions and outage probability expressions are derived for the CPolSK FSO communication system under (sic) distribution channel model and M distribution channel model. The results for different atmospheric turbulence (AT) conditions, phase noise variance and polarization control error are analyzed. Also, the system outage probability for different phase noise variance 0.085 pi, 0.25 pi and 0.625 pi for different SNR thresholds for low AT condition are analyzed. In the results, it can be observed that the ABER performance improves as AT conditions improve, as the phase noise variance decreases and as the polarization control decreases. Also, when AT conditions get worse, then to get same outage probability, we have to increase the SNR threshold. Varying the phase noise variance for delta(2) = 0.085 pi to delta(2) = 0.625 pi at low AT condition resulted in a power penalty of more than 4 dB for the same outage probability at 0.3. Additionally, it is observed that the M distribution channel model has a steeper slope in the outage probability against normalised threshold graph than the (sic) distribution channel model.

关键词： average bit error rate Circular polarized shift keying (sic) distribution Malaga distribution Outage probability Polarization control error

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Performance analysis of subcarrier intensity modulation using rectangular QAM over Malaga turbulence channels with integer and non-integer β

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WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING 2016年第16期16卷 2730-2742页

作者： Alheadary, Wael G. Park, Ki-Hong Alouini, Mohamad-Slim King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn CEMSE Div Thuwal Makkah Province Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we derive the performances of optical wireless communication system utilizing adaptive subcarrier intensity modulation over the Malaga turbulent channel. More specifically, analytical closed-form solutions and asymptotic results are derived for average bit error rate, achievable spectral efficiency, outage probability, and ergodic capacity by utilizing series expansion identity of modified Bessel function. Our asymptotic and analytical results based on series solutions with finite numbers highly matched to the numerical results. By exploiting the inherent nature of fading channel, the proposed adaptive scheme enhances the spectral efficiency without additional transmit power while satisfying the required bit error rate criterion. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： adaptive transmission atmospheric turbulence quadrature amplitude modulation Malaga channels ergodic capacity average bit error rate

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